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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid Orbitopathy (T.O) is the most common orbital disease caused by a systemic illness. The clinical manifestations of T.O are a result of inflammation, edema and scarring of orbital tissue, and include exophthalmos, soft tissue edema, lid retraction, chemosis, exposure keratitis that can lead to corneal ulceration and perforation, ocular motility disorders and strabismus, and compressive optic neuropathy. T.O is an autoimmune disease but the exact etiology is yet to be revealed. Most cases resolve spontaneously without the need for medical or surgical intervention, but more severe cases may result in devastating visual and cosmetic results. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in the understanding of the disease and the medical and surgical treatment of T.O. This work reviews new aspects of T.O and it's surgical treatment, and include clinical photographs of patients operated on in our department.
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PMID:[Thyroid orbitopathy]. 1280 64

The term 'vasculitis' includes a wide range of disorders characterised by inflammation of the wall of blood vessels, sometimes with necrosis, leading to ischaemia of the affected organ. The exact pathogenesis of most of these vasculitides is not fully understood and although the presence of circulating auto-antibodies seems to be a common feature among them, each vasculitis has its unique pathogenesis and a predilection for vessels of a defined size. Systemic vasculitis may be associated with ocular complications which include scleritis, keratitis, uveitis and optic neuropathy. These can precede the symptoms/signs of the systemic disease and therefore their recognition may lead to detection of the underlying disorder. The eye may also be affected by the treatment required to control the systemic disease.
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PMID:The eye in systemic vasculitis. 1524 60

Orbital bony decompression has a definite place in the management of severe manifestations of dysthyroid orbitopathy such as optic neuropathy, exposure keratitis, and exophthalmos. This surgical procedure can be undertaken when medication and radiation therapy fail. Esthetic and functional results are globally satisfying and explain the interest taken in this technique. This article will describe the development of this procedure and will outline the surgical techniques and their complications. It emphasizes the multifactor indications for this procedure.
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PMID:[Orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy: a review of techniques and indications]. 1549 87

The aim of five years (2000-2005) study was to investigate the peculiarities of Herpes Zoster in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. For this purpose we have investigated the clinical course of Herpes Zoster, disease duration, complications of disease, as in acute phase as well as postherpetic neuralgia in 74 HIV positive (1st group) and 74 HIV negative (2nd group) groups of patients. In both group of patients we have studied the prevalence of the following complications: 1. Acute complications of Herpes Zoster: a) Neurological: motor neuropathy, cranial neuritis, meningoencephalitis, transverse myelitis. b) Ophthalmic: keratitis, iritis, retinitis, visual impairment c) Cutaneous: bacterial superinfection, scarring, disfigurement. d) Visceral: pneumonitis, hepatitis. e) Multidermatomal. 2. The complications of after resolution of infection: a) Postherpetic neuralgia and various duration of pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia such as : < month, 1-6 months, 6-12 months and >1 year durations. b) Recurrent herpes zoster. Herpes Zoster infection was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and by detection of VZV specific IgM and IgG by ELISA. HIV infection was diagnosed by ELISA method and was confirmed by Western Blot. We found that Herpes Zoster may develop as in HIV positive as well as HIV negative population. Study showed that severe cases of disease (Herpes Zoster), long duration and rate of complications are much higher in HIV/AIDS than in HIV negative group patients. Rate of hospitalization is also higher in HIV/AIDS patients with Herpes Zoster than in HIV negative patients with Herpes Zoster. Frequency of recurrent Herpes Zoster is much higher in HIV/AIDS patients than in HIV negative patients. The postherpetic neuralgia is very frequent complication for both group (HIV positive and HIV negative) Herpes Zoster patients, but its duration longer in HIV/AIDS patients in comparison HIV negative group. There were no significant difference in disease severity, duration and complications among male and female patients.
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PMID:Peculiarities of herpes zoster in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. 1726 87

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belong to the protein family of neurotrophins. They both display profound neuromodulatory functions and are essentially involved in the survival and homeostatic maintenance of central and peripheral neurons during development and adulthood. Moreover, NGF and BDNF are known to modulate immune cell function and thus serve as mediators in the reciprocal cross talk between neurons and immune cells. Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of many diseases of the nervous and the immune system, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropathy, pain, allergic bronchial asthma (BA) and neurotrophic keratitis. For all these diseases research has reached the point of creating strategies for therapeutic intervention with neurotrophins. In this review, we present an overview of the pathophysiology, therapeutic interventions and strategies concerning NGF and BDNF in the mentioned diseases.
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PMID:Neurotrophic factors--a tool for therapeutic strategies in neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuroimmunological diseases? 1789 80

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious medical problem that causes long-term systemic complications and considerable associated morbidity. DM can cause retinopathy (DRP), maculopathy, cataract, optic neuropathy, defects of eye muscles. DM is a risk factor for acute infectious conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, herpes virus infections and endophtalmitis. Elevated blood glucose induces structural, physiological and hormonal changes which affect retinal capillaries. DRP is recognized by loss of pericyte function and capillary occlusions together leading to breakdown of blood-retinal barrier, edematous changes and proliferation of vessels and fibrous tissue. Depending on stage of DRP, there are different preferable therapeutic approaches applied. In the case of ETDRS, in the area of leakage focal treatment should be performed, while panretinal photocoagulation is applied towards ischemic areas or beginning proliferations. Vitreal haemorrhage followed by fibroproliferative changes or tractional retinal detachment is treated by vitrectomy alone or in combination with ILM peeling. In pathogenesis of DRP, Insulin Growth Factor (IGF-1) can play an important role in production of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor). Hypoxia can up-regulate VEGF expression levels leading to pathologic ocular neovascularisation. An application of intravitreal corticosteroid treatment modulates vascular permeability by suppressing the production of VEGF, reducing both extracellular matrix metalloproteinase activity and basic fibroblast growth factor, decreasing major histocompatibility complex 2 Ag expression levels, and inhibiting activity of inflammatory cells. Clinical effects of treatment using intravitreal corticosteroids are evaluated by reduction of macular thickness and visual improvement. Intravitreal use of Anti-VEGF drugs, Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab can modify vasoproliferation, trigger macular edema, and, therefore, influence a prognosis for visual loss.
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PMID:Eye disorders in diabetes: potential drug targets. 1853 2

Tobacco consumption is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and premature death but little is known about its deleterious effect on the ocular health of workers handling tobacco. The goal of this study was to identify probable effects of occupational tobacco exposure among south Indian bidi-industry workers. This study included 310 females (mean age, 34.8 +/- 10.9 years) actively involved in bidi-rolling presenting with eye symptoms to a tertiary eye care hospital. Results suggested that a wide spectrum of ocular complications exist among these workers. Common ocular symptoms were defective vision, dull-aching headache and eye irritation. The main ocular findings were papillary conjunctival hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation of ocular surface, punctate epithelial erosion or superficial punctate keratitis, cataract or pseudophakia and segmental optic atrophy. Abstaining from work, supplementation of Vitamin B complex rich in B 12 and appropriate surgical or medical management reversed visual loss due to corneal disease or cataract but was not effective in optic neuropathy.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations in bidi industry workers: possible consequences of occupational exposure to tobacco dust. 1857 93

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a primary or adjunctive therapy for a variety of medical disorders including some involving the eye. This paper is the first comprehensive review of HBOT for ocular indications. The authors recommend the following as ocular indications for HBOT: decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism with visual signs or symptoms, central retinal artery occlusion, ocular and periocular gas gangrene, cerebro-rhino-orbital mucormycosis, periocular necrotizing fasciitis, carbon monoxide poisoning with visual sequelae, radiation optic neuropathy, radiation or mitomycin C-induced scleral necrosis, and periorbital reconstructive surgery. Other ocular disorders that may benefit from HBOT include selected cases of ischemic optic neuropathy, ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion with central vision loss, ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion, cystoid macular edema associated with retinal venous occlusion, post-surgical inflammation, or intrinsic inflammatory disorders, periocular brown recluse spider envenomation, ocular quinine toxicity, Purtscher's retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, anterior segment ischemia, retinal detachment in sickle cell disease, refractory actinomycotiC lacrimal canaliculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum of the orbit and refractory pseudomonas keratitis. Visual function should be monitored as clinically indicated before, during, and after therapy when HBOT is undertaken to treat vision loss. Visual acuity alone is not an adequate measure of visual function to monitor the efficacy of HBOT in this setting. Ocular examinations should also include automated perimetry to evaluate the central 30 degrees of visual field at appropriate intervals. Interpretation of the literature on the efficacy of HBOT in treating ocular disorders is complicated by several factors: frequent failure to include visual field examination as an outcome measure, failure to adequately address the interval from symptom onset to initiation of HBOT, and lack of evidence for optimal treatment regimens for essentially all ocular indications. Because some ocular disorders require rapid administration of HBOT to restore vision, patients with acute vision loss should be considered emergent when they present. Visual acuity should be checked immediately, including vision with pinhole correction. If the patient meets the criteria for emergent HBOT outlined in the paper, normobaric oxygen should be started at the highest inspired oxygen fraction possible until arrangements can be made for HBOT.
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PMID:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the eye. 1902 63

Uveal melanoma has traditionally been treated with enucleation, plaque brachytherapy, or external beam radiation. Following the results of the multicenter Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS), which established no significant difference in mortality rates between enucleation and brachytherapy, plaque brachytherapy has become the favoured modality given its potential for preservation of vision and the eye. Among the radioisotopes that have been used, iodine-125 (I-125) has become the increasingly popular choice in the United States. However, I-125 brachytherapy is associated with complications, including keratitis, iris neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma, radiation retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of complications related to I-125 plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma.
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PMID:Ocular complications following I-125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. 1926 65

Systemic medications can have adverse effects on the eyes that range from dry eye syndrome, keratitis and cataract to blinding complications of toxic retinopathy and optic neuropathy. This review focuses on major drugs with common ocular side effects and highlights more recently recognized associations with systemic medications. Recommendations for ocular monitoring are given for medications with frequent and/or severe adverse ocular effects.
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PMID:Ocular complications of systemic medications. 2113 94


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