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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of exogenous mycotic infections of the eye are presented. The first is a case of keratitis in a patient suffering from glaucoma simplex who removed a foreign body from the cornea, caused by Fusarium solani, generally known as a saprophytic soil and plant inhabitant. As factors predisposing the patient to infection, trauma to the cornea like injury by a foreign body, as well as the preexisting disease of the eye, are discussed. The other case illustrates the change in the pathogenicity of an otherwise innocent fungus like Penicillium, which penetrated the sclera after injury of the eye by a broken airpiece of a drill and caused a severe endophathalmitis. The infection responded well to treatment with 5-fluorocytosine. The last case represents a rather mild well-known mycotic infection by Streptomyces somaliensis causing canaliculitis in a patient admitted for cataract surgery. Curettage of the infected canaliculus followed by iodine washout proved to be effective. The importance of the early clinical and laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid mistreatment with antibiotics and steroids and to ensure the right antimycotic treatment is stressed.
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PMID:Exogenous mycotic infections of the eye and adnexia. 30 89

Actinomycotic conjunctivitis is usually unilateral and secondary to canaliculitis. We report an unusual case of bilateral actinomycotic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in the absence of canaliculitis. Keratitis occurred without any preceding ocular trauma. Both eyes had remissions and relapses in response to the antibiotic-steroid drops. Diagnosis of A. israelii infection was made on the basis of Gram staining, culture and biochemical characteristics. Complete excision of the conjunctival ulcer along with penicillin therapy resulted in cure. This case highlights that microorganisms of the order Actinomycetales should be considered in the differential diagnosis if conjunctivitis or keratitis shows a waxing and waning course.
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PMID:Bilateral actinomycotic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis. 1751 Aug 74

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a primary or adjunctive therapy for a variety of medical disorders including some involving the eye. This paper is the first comprehensive review of HBOT for ocular indications. The authors recommend the following as ocular indications for HBOT: decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism with visual signs or symptoms, central retinal artery occlusion, ocular and periocular gas gangrene, cerebro-rhino-orbital mucormycosis, periocular necrotizing fasciitis, carbon monoxide poisoning with visual sequelae, radiation optic neuropathy, radiation or mitomycin C-induced scleral necrosis, and periorbital reconstructive surgery. Other ocular disorders that may benefit from HBOT include selected cases of ischemic optic neuropathy, ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion with central vision loss, ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion, cystoid macular edema associated with retinal venous occlusion, post-surgical inflammation, or intrinsic inflammatory disorders, periocular brown recluse spider envenomation, ocular quinine toxicity, Purtscher's retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, anterior segment ischemia, retinal detachment in sickle cell disease, refractory actinomycotiC lacrimal canaliculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum of the orbit and refractory pseudomonas keratitis. Visual function should be monitored as clinically indicated before, during, and after therapy when HBOT is undertaken to treat vision loss. Visual acuity alone is not an adequate measure of visual function to monitor the efficacy of HBOT in this setting. Ocular examinations should also include automated perimetry to evaluate the central 30 degrees of visual field at appropriate intervals. Interpretation of the literature on the efficacy of HBOT in treating ocular disorders is complicated by several factors: frequent failure to include visual field examination as an outcome measure, failure to adequately address the interval from symptom onset to initiation of HBOT, and lack of evidence for optimal treatment regimens for essentially all ocular indications. Because some ocular disorders require rapid administration of HBOT to restore vision, patients with acute vision loss should be considered emergent when they present. Visual acuity should be checked immediately, including vision with pinhole correction. If the patient meets the criteria for emergent HBOT outlined in the paper, normobaric oxygen should be started at the highest inspired oxygen fraction possible until arrangements can be made for HBOT.
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PMID:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the eye. 1902 63

A young man affected from keratoconus was submitted to deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK). The day after, the presence of pseudochamber between the donor and the recipient cornea was observed by the slit-lamp and the patient was submitted to the injection of an air bubble into the anterior chamber. Approximately six days later, multiple, whitish patches mostly located in the centre of the lamellar interface were noticed. Medical treatment was started immediately but no improvement was observed and penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Although this organism has been described as a microbial pathogen in blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, canaliculitis, dacryocystitis, and endophthalmitis, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of keratitis after DLK caused by Actinomyces species.
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PMID:Fungal keratitis following deep lamellar keratoplasty. 2127 3

Although relatively uncommon, fungi, atypical Mycobacteria, and Nocardia have been isolated from a variety of infections of eye including keratitis, scleritis, canaliculitis, dacryocystitis, endophthalmitis and orbital cellulites. The organisms typically cause a slowly progressive disease. The diseases caused by the organisms can pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this manuscript we will describe updates on important aspects of the ocular infections caused by these organisms.
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PMID:Fungal, Mycobacterial, and Nocardia infections and the eye: an update. 2217 77

Trachoma remains the leading cause of preventable corneal blindness in developing countries. The disease is contracted in early childhood by repeated infection of the ocular surface by C. trachomatis. Initial clinical manifestation is a follicular conjunctivitis which if not treated on timely basis, may lead to conjunctival and eyelid scarring that may eventually result in corneal scarring and loss of vision. Over the past two decades, a remarkable reduction in the prevalence of active trachoma has occurred due to the World Health Organization's (WHOs) program GET 2020 for the elimination of trachoma with adoption of the SAFE strategy incorporating Surgery, Antibiotic treatment, Facial cleanliness and Environmental hygiene. However, patients who already had infection at young age may present with adnexal-related complications of trachomatous scarring that may cause corneal scarring and visual loss. These patients may present with evidence of trichiasis/entropion as well as eyelid retraction. Lacrimal complications may include nasolacrimal-duct obstruction, dacryocystitis and canaliculitis requiring intervention. In addition to the increased risk for corneal scarring, trichiasis/entropion may further increase the risks for microbial keratitis in patients who may have unrecognized dacryocystitis and canaliculitis. Female patients may have more trachomtous-related complications and may present at an early age. Available evidence indicates that SAFE strategy may be effective and on the right track towards achieving GET 2020 goal for the eradication of trachoma.
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PMID:Eradicating blinding trachoma: What is working? 2396 Aug 68