Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arabinosyladenine (Ara-A) is an antiviral compound employed for ophthalmological lesions in the form of a 3 p. cent ointment. This purine nucleoside has been shown to possess antiviral activity against several ADN viruses, including herpes simplex virus, but it is ineffective against ARN viruses. Its action in superficial herpetic keratitis is comparable with that of idoxuridine, tolerance to the two compounds being almost identical. Ara-A is of value for treating superficial keratitis lesions not responding to idoxuridine. The weak intra-ocular penetration of Ara-A explains its lack of efficacy in stromal keratitis and herpetic kerato-uveitis, forms in which certain analogues of Ara-A could be beneficial.
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PMID:[Arabinosyladenine in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. 702 53

A series of 38 children with ocular herpes simplex infection is reported. The follow-up periods ranged between 1 and 10 years after the first ocular herpetic involvement. The primary ocular infection occurred in most cases between 2 and 6 years of age, with a similar rate in males and females. The number of recurrences increased with the duration of the follow-up period: during the first 2 years, recurrences developed in 50% of cases and after 2 years, all the children had new herpetic ocular attacks. Idoxuridine treatment failures were found in 11 cases of herpetic superficial keratitis. Ocular herpes simplex in children is a major cause of visual loss and disability. After a follow-up period of 5 years, 75% of patients with herpetic keratitis had a visual acuity of 5/10 or less.
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PMID:[Ocular herpes simplex in children (author's transl)]. 705 36

A chronic administration of three ganciclovir gels (0.2%, 0.05%, 0.0125%) was compared with a placebo gel and a 3% acyclovir ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of HSV-1 rabbit keratitis. All the ganciclovir gels showed a clinical efficacy: a significant reduction of the corneal ulcer area, clouding and vascularization (p < 0.05) and a fast inhibition of HSV isolates into tear film with the 0.2% and 0.05% ganciclovir gels. However the efficacy was slower than using acyclovir ointment. No significant difference could be shown between the 0.2% and 0.05% ganciclovir gels or the 0.05% ganciclovir gel and the acyclovir treatment on viral isolation, when it was performed on pooled samples. The distribution of ganciclovir and acyclovir into the rabbit eyes (HPLC methods), were similar but markedly higher in solid tissues than ocular fluids. It might explain the recovery from tissue damages. The mean corneal ganciclovir concentrations were largely higher than ED 50 of ganciclovir for HSV-1. No toxicity was expected, due to very limited systemic availability. This study suggests a comparable activity on HSV-1 superficial keratitis between 0.05%, 0.2% ganciclovir gels and 3% acyclovir ointment. Higher concentration of ganciclovir gels are probably necessary in order to treat the HSV-1 kerato-uveitis.
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PMID:Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel in herpes simplex virus rabbit keratitis: intraocular penetration and efficacy. 808 63

Acanthamoeba species are an important cause of microbial keratitis that may cause severe ocular inflammation and visual loss. The first cases were recognized in 1973, but the disease remained very rare until the 1980s, when an increase in incidence mainly associated with contact lens wear was reported. There is an increased risk when contact lens rinsing and soaking solutions are prepared with nonsterile water and salt tablets. The clinical picture is often characterized by severe pain with an early superficial keratitis that is often treated as herpes simplex infection. Subsequently a characteristic radial perineural infiltration may be seen, and ring infiltration is common. Limbitis and scleritis are frequent. Laboratory diagnosis is primarily by culture of epithelial samples inoculated onto agar plates spread with bacteria. Direct microscopy of samples using stains for the cyst wall or immunostaining may also be employed. A variety of topically applied therapeutic agents are thought to be effective, including propamidine isethionate, clotrimazole, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and chlorhexidine. Various combinations of these and other agents have been employed, often resulting in medical cure, especially if treatment is commenced early in the course of the disease. Penetrating keratoplasty is preferably avoided in inflamed eyes, but may be necessary in severe cases to preserve the globe or, when the infection has resolved, to restore corneal clarity for optical reasons.
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PMID:Acanthamoeba keratitis. 963

There were investigated 51 patients, 19 female and 32 male, with ages between 12 and 80 years, hospitalized in the Dept. Ophthalm. of the City Hospital of Arad, during 1995-1997. From these, 21 had the clinical diagnosis of superficial keratitis, typical form of dendritic ulcer, 7 had non-typical forms, and 4 had stromal keratitis; 19 patients recurred. The diagnosis of herpetic keratitis was established correlating the clinical aspect with the cytologic examination, made on conjunctivo-corneane smears. A number of 32 patients received a specific treatment with Acyclovir, in an ointment form in local applications and on general route orally; there were also associated mydriatics and epitelizants of the cornea. The evolution of the disease was evaluated by comparing results obtained in different groups of patients.
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PMID:[The efficacy of acyclovir treatment in the therapy of herpetic keratitis]. 1102 Dec 86

We present a series of 1,540 corneal allografts studied since 1982. Corneal edema was the major lesion in 439 corneal specimens (28.4%). Keratitis was the largest group with 378 cases (24.5%), including 134 cases of corneal scarring (8.7%). There were 113 cases of herpes simplex virus keratitis (7.3%), mostly of the disciform stromal type, and 60 cases of non herpetic interstitial keratitis (3.9%), 44 of superficial keratitis (2.8%) and 10 of ulcerative keratitis (0.6%). Among the 17 other cases (1.1%), there were 3 of fungal keratitis, 2 syphilitic keratitis and one case of acanthamoebic keratitis. The third group was formed by corneal dystrophies with 376 cases (24.4%). There were 192 keratoconus (12.5%), 121 Fuchs' dystrophies (7.9%), 28 calcific band keratopathies (1.8%), 18 had corneal dystrophies with amyloid deposits and 16 did not. There were 169 regrafts (11%) and 135 traumatic lesions (8,8%). Among the 43 miscellaneous cases (2,8%), there were 22 cases with previous refractive eye surgery, one corneal myxoma, 5 cases of dysplasia, 5 pterigia, 3 sclerocornea, one fish-eye disease, one floppy eyelid syndrome and 5 unclassifiable cases. The mechanisms of these lesions are mainly related to an autoimmune disease in most cases of herpes keratitis. Some rare forms of corneal dystrophies contain amyloid deposits produced by an abnormal kerato-epithelin. Cases of graft failure are not particulary frequent, due to the avascularity of the cornea and its particular immune status.
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PMID:Histologic findings in a series of 1,540 corneal allografts. 1122 55

Corneal inflammation or keratitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity around the world. Fortunately, the majority of the cases are successfully managed with medical therapy, but the failure of therapy does occur, leading to devastating consequences of either losing the vision or the eye. This review attempts to provide current information on most, though not all, aspects of keratitis. Corneal inflammation may be ulcerative or nonulcerative and may arise because of infectious or noninfectious causes. The nonulcerative corneal inflammation may be confined to the epithelial layer or to the stroma of the cornea or may affect both. For clarity, this section has been divided into nonulcerative superficial keratitis and nonulcerative stromal keratitis. While the former usually includes hypersensitivity responses to microbial toxins and unknown agents, the latter can be either infectious or noninfectious. In the pathogenesis of ulcerative keratitis, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites (Acanthamoeba), or viruses play an important role. Approximately, 12.2% of all corneal transplantations are done for active infectious keratitis. Available world literature pertaining to the incidence of microbial keratitis has been provided special place in this review. On the other hand, noninfectious ulcerative keratitis can be related to a variety of systemic or local causes, predominantly of autoimmune origin.
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PMID:Keratitis. 1190 Mar 20

The prognosis of herpetic keratitis has been dramatically improved during the past years because of a better understanding of their physio-pathologic phenomenons, and mostly because of the use of very efficient antiviral drugs. Superficial keratitis are easily cured in most cases; deep stromal keratitis, that often require corticosteroid treatment, are more difficult to heal. Prophylactic treatment of the recurrences by oral antiviral drugs represents a promising new concept for herpetic keratitis.
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PMID:[Corneal herpes: what's new?]. 1236 Jun 98

A 56-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with Thygeson's keratitis by clinical biomicroscopy was examined using a tandem scanning confocal microscope. Among normal superficial epithelial cells, clumps of markedly enlarged epithelial cells were identified. Multiple highly reflective filamentary structures were observed in the deeper layers. Most of these lesions were linear; some demonstrated curled ends and others demonstrated branching lesions with 'sprouts'. No inflammatory cells were evident in the areas of corneal stroma sampled. In vivo confocal microscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis of Thygeson's superficial keratitis. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first in vivo confocal images of focal desquamation of epithelium and intraepithelial hyper-reflective linear lesions in English literature.
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PMID:In vivo confocal microscopy of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis. 1567 99

The authors have made a retrospective study of 161 cases of herpetic keratitis. 121 cases of them have been superficial herpetic keratitis and 40 of them discoid forms. 72 cases of superficial keratitis have been the first manifestation and 49 have relapsed. 53 cases of superficial herpetic keratitis and 39 cases of relapsed herpetic keratitis have been treated with specific antiviral medication. This treatment decreased significantly the hospitalisation period of first superficial attack herpetic keratitis. In relapsed and discoid forms the number of the hospitalisation days have not been influenced by the antiviral treatment, needing the association of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins.
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PMID:[Herpetic keratitis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. 1532 44


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