Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To test the effect that the treatment with topical antioxidants may have on corneal infection, we have studied the effect of topically applied antioxidants, such as dimethylthiourea 0.5% (DMTU) and dismutase superoxide 0.2% (SOD), on infectious experimental keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We have quantified the results of the incubated corneas in ex vivo as well as in in vivo treated with antioxidants by using the luminol amplified chemiluminescence technique (LAC). The evaluation of corneal inflammation was performed calculating the average inflammatory index obtained from the clinical observation of the corneal secretion, corneal edema and ciliary injection. The evolution of the corneal infiltration was evaluated by means of computerized planymetry. The antioxidants used in this study demonstrated a significant reduction of the LAC values when compared with a control group both in the in vivo as well as in ex vivo studies. No significant differences in the clinical evaluation of the average inflammatory index were observed between the study and the control groups. However, a significant increase in the corneal infiltration was registered in the antioxidant treated group (p < 0.001) evaluated by computerized planymetry. Our results indicate that the use of antioxidants as antiinflammatory drugs may have a potential negative influence on the course of infectious keratitis.
Cornea 1995 Mar
PMID:Effect of topical antioxidant therapy on experimental infectious keratitis. 774 1

We describe a case of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis with a consecutive keratitis after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in an otherwise healthy eye. Despite aggressive medical and surgical management during a 2-year period, multiple episodes recurred, with the development of an intracapsular plaque and an infectious nidus on the corneal endothelium 6 months after the initial presentation. After subtotal removal of the culture-positive capsule, intravitreal and topical amphotericin B, and oral fluconazole, the inflammation improved. However, the corneal endothelial plaque persisted with recurrent inflammation 2 months later, prompting debridement of the culture-positive plaque and further removal of the culture-negative capsular remnants and lens implant. The infection was quiescent for the subsequent 12-month period until recurrent intraocular inflammation developed with enlargement of the endothelial plaque. Culture of this plaque was again positive for C. parapsilosis. After debridement and intraocular and topical amphotericin B, the eye has now been quiescent for 13 months. This case demonstrates the development of a secondary keratitis in an eye affected by pseudophakic C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis, with the posterior cornea serving as a sanctuary site for the fungus despite aggressive management leading to recurrent infection 1 year after the clinical disease appeared to be quiescent.
Cornea 1995 Mar
PMID:Pseudophakic Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis with a consecutive keratitis. 774 8

The spectral transmissions of cornea, aqueous humour, lens and vitreous humour of human eyes were measured in the range from 250 nm to 800 nm in 1 nm steps using a high resolution double monochromator. Cornea and lens are good cut off filters; 1% transmission was measured in various cornea samples between 291 and 298 nm, and in different lenses between 389 and 414 nm. Aqueous humour and vitreous humour showed high transparency (80%) at lambda > 320 nm. The wavelength range of keratitis effective irradiance was found to be completely within the wavelength range of absorption of the cornea, that of cataract effective irradiance was found to be at the short wavelength end partly outside the wavelength range of absorption of the lens. It may therefore be supposed that the action spectrum of cataract obtained by animal experiments is applicable to the human eye only with certain reservations.
 ...
PMID:Spectral transmission of the optical media of the human eye with respect to keratitis and cataract formation. 778 84

We evaluated the efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin (3.0 mg/ml) in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in 60 rabbits. We compared ciprofloxacin treatment with double drug therapy consisting of tobramycin (13.6 mg/ml) plus polymyxin B (25,000 U/ml) or carbenicillin (6 mg/L). Two strains of P. aeruginosa were used. One was a strain well characterized for use in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis (ATCC organism 27853); the second was an organism from a patient with a Pseudomonas corneal ulcer. Rabbits were treated for 16 h, after which the corneas were excised, homogenized, and plated serially for residual colony-forming units. Both organisms responded significantly better to topical off-the-shelf ciprofloxacin than to therapy with two conventional antipseudomonal fortified antibiotic drugs (p < or = 0.0001).
Cornea 1994 Nov
PMID:Comparison of topical ciprofloxacin to conventional antibiotic therapy in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 784 8

Previously, we demonstrated that HPMPC, a new, broad-spectrum antiviral agent, inhibited adenovirus type 5 in the New Zealand (NZ) rabbit ocular model (Cornea 1992; 11:529-33). Historically, no antiviral agent has been demonstrated to be effective against both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and adenovirus eye infections in an experimental animal model. In this study, we compared topical 0.2% HPMPC to 1% trifluridine and vehicle control in the NZ rabbit HSV-1 keratitis model. Using a double-masked, two-eye design, NZ rabbits were inoculated in both eyes with HSV-1 W strain (10(5) pfu/eye), and dendritic keratitis and HSV-1 ocular titers were measured serially. Compared with the control group, both topical 0.2% HPMPC and 1% trifluridine significantly reduced healing time of HSV-1 dendritic keratitis, lowered HSV-1 ocular titers on days 3 through 11, and shortened duration of HSV-1 shedding in the tear film. For all outcome parameters measured, topical 0.2% HPMPC was as effective as 1% trifluridine. A new concept of a broad-spectrum topical antiviral agent was shown to be effective against HSV-1 in an NZ rabbit keratitis model, and further development toward clinical application appears desirable.
Cornea 1994 Nov
PMID:HPMPC, a broad-spectrum topical antiviral agent, inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 replication and promotes healing of dendritic keratitis in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. 784 11

The efficacy of corneal transplantation in infants with corneal opacity secondary to congenital glaucoma has not been established. We retrospectively reviewed our results of nine penetrating keratoplasties performed on eight eyes of six infants who had multiple risk factors for poor prognosis: age < 2 years at the time of grafting; uncontrolled glaucoma in four eyes; concurrent lensectomy, retinal, or glaucoma surgery in five eyes; aphakia in five eyes; and an acute perforation in one eye. Six of the nine grafts (67%) remained clear during a mean follow-up of 24 months (30 months in eyes with clear grafts). Development of ambulatory vision or better occurred in six of eight (75%) eyes after corneal transplantation and treatment of refractive errors and amblyopia. Graft failure occurred in three eyes--two from corneal decompensation, and one from homograft rejection. Complications included one total retinal detachment, one case of Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis, and three cases that lost intraocular pressure control, requiring further glaucoma surgery. We conclude that useful vision can be achieved after penetrating keratoplasty even in some high-risk infants with congenital glaucoma.
Cornea 1994 Nov
PMID:Penetrating keratoplasty in infants with congenital glaucoma. 784 12

Ceftazidime is a beta-lactam antibiotic highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Using a rabbit model of Pseudomonas keratitis, 10(3) bacteria (in 20 microliters) were injected unilaterally into the corneal stroma of albino rabbits. Twenty-six hours after inoculation, topical Ceftazidime (50 mg/ml) drops were administered for 48 h, following which the corneal tissue was cultured. Eighteen of 20 corneal cultures (90%) from rabbits treated with Ceftazidime drops were negative. In comparison, all untreated control group cultures showed florid bacterial growth. These results suggest that topical Ceftazidime may be a useful agent in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Cornea 1994 Jul
PMID:The effect of topical ceftazidime on pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. 792 38

Silicone rubber contact lenses (SRCLs) are infrequently used because of the risk of developing unpredictable lens tightening, their poor availability, and their expense. However, their high oxygen transmissibility and nonabsorption of water make them valuable as therapeutic lenses. SRCLs are routinely used in our management of severely dry eyes, decompensated or vascularised corneas, and conditions where the corneal shape is flat or irregular. The records of 48 consecutive patients fitted with SRCLs between January 1989 and June 1990 were studied. The clinical history, indications, complications, success, and duration of SRCL wear were analysed. Therapeutic goals, which included epithelial healing, sealing of corneal perforations, and improved comfort and vision, were achieved in 53 of 62 eyes. The best corrected acuity was attained using SRCLs in 58 of 62 eyes. Failure of lens wear was due to lens tightening (four eyes), spoilation (two), discomfort, fornix shortening, handling problems, and decentration (one each). Infective keratitis complicated one case, but SRCL wear was resumed after successful treatment. With adequate follow-up, SRCLs have a low complication rate and are well tolerated even in severely compromised eyes, for which conventional lenses may be contraindicated. Their continued use as therapeutic lenses is advocated in carefully selected cases.
Cornea 1994 Sep
PMID:Silicone rubber contact lenses for the compromised cornea. 799 66

Corneal graft survival in 13 patients (14 eyes) receiving oral acyclovir after penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis was compared with that in nine patients (nine eyes) who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis without postoperative acyclovir. Mean age, duration of disease, and time of follow-up did not differ in the two groups. There were no recurrences of herpes simplex keratitis in any patient receiving acyclovir during a mean follow-up of 16.5 months compared with a 44% (four of nine) recurrence rate in patients without acyclovir during a mean follow-up of 20.6 months (p < 0.01). Graft failure occurred in 14% (2 of 14) of acyclovir treatment eyes compared with 56% (five of nine) without acyclovir. Long-term prophylactic oral acyclovir significantly decreased the recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis and reduced corneal graft failure in patients who had a history of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis and who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty.
Cornea 1994 May
PMID:A prospective randomized trial of oral acyclovir after penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis. 803 73

Rose bengal and fluorescein are photosensitive dyes in widespread use in the evaluation of ocular surface diseases, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. These dyes have recently been shown to penetrate living cells, and rose bengal was previously reported to possess antiviral activity. Several experiments reported herein suggest that these dyes do possess the potential for potent antiviral activity against extracellular virus, but only in the presence of light. Rose bengal is substantially more effective in vitro than fluorescein, and the effect is greater with increasing concentration of dye and duration of light exposure. Electron microscopic evaluation of treated virus showed no structural difference from untreated virus, in spite of 4- to 5-log decreases in virus titer. Intracellular virus was found to be markedly resistant to photoinactivation. In a rabbit model of acute primary HSV keratitis, daily application of topical rose bengal followed by light exposure had no therapeutic effect, although an adverse effect on culture sensitivity testing was seen.
Cornea 1994 Jan
PMID:Photoinactivation of herpes simplex virus by rose bengal and fluorescein. In vitro and in vivo studies. 813 6


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>