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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe microbial keratitis developed in a 74-year-old women receiving long-term corticosteroids. Corneal smears revealed slender, fusiform gram-negative bacilli, but the lesion continued to worsen despite intensive antibiotic treatment. After several days, Capnocytophaga sputigena was identified on culture. Specific antimicrobial therapy was instituted, supplemented with corneal cryotherapy. There was gradual clinical improvement. However, a sterile corneal melt led to the late loss of the eye. Although Capnocytophaga are gingival organisms and usually implicated as opportunists in severely ill, neutropenic patients with oral ulcerations, our patient was edentulous and without systemic immunosuppression. An increased awareness of Capnocytophaga is justified because of their widespread antibiotic resistance, capnophilic cultural requirements, and unusual microscopic and cultural morphology.
Cornea 1988
PMID:Ocular Capnocytophaga infection in an edentulous, immunocompetent host. 316 90

Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus include pseudodendritic keratitis, late mucous adherent keratopathy, varied forms of stromal keratitis, and exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Prophylactic therapy of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus with oral acyclovir is of proven benefit in reducing the incidence of early pseudodendritic keratopathy and stromal keratitis but has no evident effect on exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Although early pseudodendritic keratitis is due to virus infection of epithelial cells, it is self-limited and does not require topical antiviral therapy. Stromal keratitis and associated epithelial mucous adherent keratopathy are responsive to topical corticosteroids but chronic therapy is often required and may prolong the duration of keratitis and result in cataract or secondary glaucoma. Exposure and neurotrophic keratopathy may respond to topical lubricants and correction of lid abnormalities but severely affected corneas may require tarsorrhaphy or conjunctival flap to maintain corneal integrity.
Cornea 1988
PMID:Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Prevention and treatment. 325 20

Although there have been no radical breakthroughs in the treatment of fungal keratitis from the point of view of new antifungal agents, a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathology of the disease, as well as the drugs available and the appropriate surgical interventions, has led to an improvement in the management of this difficult corneal infection. In this paper the therapy of fungal keratitis will be reviewed in detail in the light of the known causative organisms and the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of available antifungal agents.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Selection of appropriate antifungal therapy. 331 7

The diagnosis and optimal management of herpes simplex stromal keratitis can be problematic. Clinical features that should be evaluated include the status of the epithelium and the location and type of stromal inflammation. Two principal forms are recognized: nonnecrotizing, or disciform, keratitis and necrotizing keratitis. Both types may coexist and are sometimes accompanied by iridocyclitis and secondary ocular hypertension. Laboratory evaluation is not usually performed, although, lacking a prior history of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis, testing should be considered to seek another cause of stromal inflammation. A topical steroid is generally contraindicated in the presence of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis and has been implicated in prolonging the course of herpetic eye disease. However, judicious topical steroid therapy can be beneficial when used with protective antiviral cover for herpes simplex stromal keratitis without epithelial keratitis. Systemic antiviral therapy may prove to be a valuable adjunctive treatment, and further clinical trials are anticipated.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Diagnosis and management of herpes simplex stromal keratitis. 331 11

Acanthamoeba is a free-living ubiquitous ameba that is responsible for a small but increasing number of cases of keratitis. The infection is associated with minimal corneal trauma and soft contact lens wear. It typically presents as a unilateral central or paracentral corneal infiltrate, often with a ring-shaped peripheral infiltrate. The lesion is often confused with fungal, bacterial, or herpetic keratitis. Successful therapy hinges on early recognition and aggressive therapy with appropriate topical antiamebic medication often in conjunction with penetrating keratoplasty. Thirty-five cases from the world literature are reviewed.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Acanthamoeba keratitis. A review of the literature. 355 11

We present a patient with a corneal ulcer due to Listeria monocytogenes, which has not previously been considered to be a feature of human listeriosis. The ulcer responded to topical and subconjunctival gentamicin and cephaloridine. Subsequent management was complicated by the development of a fibrinous pupillary membrane leading to pupillary block requiring iridotomy and later vitrectomy with trabeculectomy. Listeria monocytogenes may be confused with diphtheroid contaminants seen in corneal ulcer scrapings and is probably underreported as a cause for microbial keratitis.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Corneal ulcer due to Listeria monocytogenes. 360 14

A multifocal progressive infiltration of a corneal graft, which simulated a mycotic keratitis but was repeatedly negative on culture and unresponsive to antibacterial and antifungal therapy, was found upon regrafting to consist primarily of Gram-positive cocci. This bacterial colonization of the corneal graft was associated with epithelialized suture tracks and minimal inflammatory response. The immunosuppressive and bacteriostatic effects of chronic postsurgery low dose steroid and antimicrobial therapy may have played a role in the development of this atypical bacterial infiltrate.
Cornea
PMID:Noninflammatory bacterial infiltration of a corneal graft. 391 89

Nine corneal specimens were obtained after penetrating keratoplasty for ultrastructural analysis. All the corneas had earlier suffered from herpetic infections and scarring. Six corneas presented vascularized interstitial keratitis and three corneas showed chronic keratitis. Five specimens with interstitial keratitis presented stromal herpes virus-like particles. All the corneas containing virus particles showed stromal lymphocytic infiltration, and in four, macrophages were present. In two cases, lymphocytes were in close contact with affected keratocytes, suggesting that cell-mediated immunity plays a role in herpetic interstitial keratitis. The corneas with disciform keratitis were free of virus particles and leukocytic infiltration. The observed ultrastructural findings suggest that retrocorneal ridges, a form of posterior corneal scarring, has its origin in a granulomatous reaction between the stroma and Descemet's membrane.
Cornea 1984
PMID:Virus particles and leukocytes in herpes simplex keratitis. 608 18

BL-P1654 is a new semisynthetic penicillin that possesses broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An in vitro profile of BL-P1654 was established against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three bacteria frequently associated with infections of the eye. The effectiveness of BL-P1654 in preventing the development of experimentally-induced keratitis by each of these bacteria was determined. The results of these experiments show BL-P1654 to be more effective than gentamicin and support further evaluation of the semisynthetic penicillin for ophthalmic indications.
Cornea 1984
PMID:Evaluation of BL-P1654: a semisynthetic penicillin as a topical ocular therapy. 610 Feb 41

A 70-year-old white man developed mycotic keratitis following phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Extensive therapeutic surgery was necessary to control the infection. Beauveria alba, a saprophytic fungus, was cultured and demonstrated in the corneal button by histopathologic examination.
Cornea
PMID:Mycotic keratitis due to Beauveria alba. 610 Apr 86


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