Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An elderly male presented with epithelial defect which resisted all medical and therapeutic approaches until Gram stain and cultural report documented the presence of Nocardia asteroides of the offending organism. A 3-month course of chronic keratitis with persistent epithelial defect resolved in 48 h following the use of topical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Cornea 1989
PMID:Nocardia asteroides keratitis presenting as a persistent epithelial defect. 264 9

Pseudomonas cepacia has recently become recognized as a virulent pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections in hosts with altered immunity. It has been implicated in endophthalmitis and conjunctivitis, and is resistant to conventional antipseudomonal therapy. No cases of P. cepacia keratitis have been reported in the literature. We report such a case in association with topical steroid and contact lens use following penetrating keratoplasty. In addition, we developed an experimental model of P. cepacia keratitis in the rabbit. P. cepacia should be considered as a cause of infectious keratitis especially in nosocomial infections in immunocompromised corneas.
Cornea 1989
PMID:Pseudomonas cepacia keratitis. 264 11

Complete records from 175 patients with 176 episodes of culture-proven bacterial keratitis treated over a 4-year period at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston were analyzed. Sixty-three percent of the infections involved gram-positive organisms, and 40% involved gram-negative organisms; 15% were polymicrobial. There was a high incidence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus (28%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%), diphtheroids (14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%). Gram stain correlation was achieved in 55%. Potential predisposing factors, usually multiple, were identified in 97% of the patients. Fifty percent of the ulcers were associated with such iatrogenic factors as prior topical corticosteroid therapy, penetrating keratoplasty, and contact lens use. Trauma occurred in only 16%. Several statistically significant associations of epidemiologic factors and outcome variables were revealed. Ninety-five percent of the ulcers resolved with therapy, but only 44% of the patients had visual acuity better than the level at admission, and 13% developed major complications.
Cornea 1989
PMID:Factors influencing predilection and outcome in bacterial keratitis. 271 94

Eight pseudomonal species were involved in 106 invasive infections of the eye; all were community acquired. Eighteen percent of the total and 9% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were gentamicin resistant, as defined using conventional criteria. All 10 cases of "resistant" pseudomonal (nine P. aeruginosa) keratitis responded satisfactorily to treatment with gentamicin. The resistance breakpoint (defined by safe serum levels in parenteral therapy) for most P. aeruginosa is much lower than ocular gentamicin levels achievable by optimal local application. We argue for a specific ophthalmologic definition of antibiotic resistance in infections of the cornea and external eye. MIC quantitative determinations of ocular isolates would provide more useful information to ophthalmologists than conventional qualitative disc sensitivity testing.
Cornea 1989 Sep
PMID:Gentamicin-resistant pseudomonal infection. Rationale for a redefinition of ophthalmic antimicrobial sensitivities. 278 30

Neurotrophic keratitis is a recognized complication of the neurosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Following a retrogasserian rhizotomy, our patient developed, in addition to the anterior segment abnormalities anticipated with neurotrophic keratitis, an actively growing hyperplastic precorneal membrane originating from the limbal area and overlying intact corneal epithelium. Growth of the membrane continued towards the visual axis until all but the central 3 mm of the corneal epithelium was covered. This previously undescribed observation may indicate that the epithelium of the conjunctival and limbal areas are maintained and regulated by a different physiologic mechanism than that of the central corneal epithelium following sensory deafferentation. The significance of the membrane is discussed in context with the X, Y, Z hypothesis of corneal epithelial maintenance.
Cornea 1989 Dec
PMID:Hyperplastic precorneal membranes. Extending the spectrum of neurotrophic keratitis. 280 11

Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic organism that is usually seen in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. It is an aerobic gram-negative rod, often confused with other more commonly seen gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The organism is usually sensitive to extended spectrum penicillins such as carbenicillin and usually resistant to aminoglycosides and first generation cephalosporins. We wish to describe a corneal ulcer from A. xylosoxidans that developed in a patient wearing a therapeutic soft contact lens. The patient did not have a preexisting microbial keratitis and was not receiving corticosteroid therapy.
Cornea 1989 Dec
PMID:Achromobacter xylosoxidans corneal ulcer in a therapeutic soft contact lens wearer. 280 15

We reviewed 397 cases of microbial keratitis examined at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, U.S.A., from January 1982 through December 1985. Of these, 136 cases (34%) were related to contact lens use. Extended-wear contact lenses were used by 107 (79%) of these patients. Cosmetic contact lenses accounted for 59 (44%) of lens-related cases, aphakic contact lenses 44 (32%), and therapeutic (bandage) contact lenses 33 (24%). Fifty-three microbial keratitis cases associated with contact lens wear were culture-positive: 28 (52%) were gram-positive, and 19 (36%) were gram-negative. Mixed cultures, fungi, and Acanthamoeba accounted for two cases (4%) each. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was specifically associated with cosmetic soft contact lens use.
Cornea 1989 Dec
PMID:Microbiology of contact lens-related keratitis. 280 16

Although epikeratoplasty (epikeratophakia) for aphakia in children has achieved a high degree of success, there remains a significant incidence of complications, some of which may result in removal of the lenticule. We report a 2-year-old child in whom epikeratoplasty was followed by an acute suppurative keratitis, necessitating removal of the epikeratoplasty lenticule. The recipient bed remained scarred following removal of the lenticule with anterior stomal fibrosis, which precluded good vision. We were able to avoid a penetrating keratoplasty by performing a superficial lamellar keratoplasty with a repeat epikeratoplasty that has remained clear.
Cornea 1989 Dec
PMID:Lamellar keratectomy and repeat epikeratoplasty following failed epikeratoplasty. A clinicopathologic report. 280 18

Unused soft contact lenses (SCL) containing 38.6% water (polymacon) and 70% water (lidofilcon A) were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(8) CFU/ml) for 60 min and washed. The contaminated lenses were used on rabbit eyes under the following conditions: for 1 h on a scratched corneal epithelium (16 eyes, four infected), for 24 h on normal cornea (eight eyes, none infected), and for 7 days on normal cornea (eight eyes, three bacterial infections and two noninfected epithelial defects). A control group of rabbits used an uncontaminated lens for 7 days (eight eyes, four noninfected epithelial defects). The control group and groups that wore contaminated lenses for 24 h and 7 days underwent tarsorrhaphy to keep the contact lens in place. In addition, three drops of the bacterial suspension were instilled in eyes with normal corneal epithelium (eight eyes, none infected) and scratched corneal epithelium (16 eyes, 13 infected). Results suggest that Pseudomonas-contaminated SCL give rise to keratitis only on an injured corneal epithelium and that a bacterial suspension is more pathogenic to the rabbit cornea than is a similar amount of bacteria on an SCL.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Hydrogel contact lens-induced Pseudomonas keratitis in a rabbit model. 312 Dec 54

We report a case of an unusual complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, secondary bacterial keratitis. Compared with previously reported cases, ours is unique in its early occurrence in the course of zoster and the lack of predisposing factors such as steroid use, contact lens use, or prior corneal disease or surgery. The opportunistic pathogen Branhamella cattarhalis responded well to medical therapy. We feel that bacterial superinfection must always be a concern in patients with herpes zoster keratitis, even early in their often prolonged chronic disease.
Cornea 1987
PMID:Secondary bacterial keratitis in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 312 Dec 55


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