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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Indications and surgical techniques for penetrating keratoplasties (PKs) were evaluated to determine present trends and suggest future directions for PK. Analyses were based on 3,941 PK cases, with questionnaires completed at the time of surgery by 638 surgeons receiving tissue through Tissue Banks International, Inc. between July 1, 1985, and December 31, 1988. The leading indications for PK were pseudophakic corneal edema (PCE) (23%), graft failure (17%), Fuchs' corneal dystrophy (13%), kerataconus (13%), keratitis/scar (12%), and aphakic corneal edema (10%). Indications for PK varied by age and sex. Anterior chamber (AC) lenses accounted for the majority (56%) of PCE cases. Penetrating keratoplasty for PCE occurred within 5 years of cataract surgery for 81% of patients with PC lenses and only 52% of patients with AC lenses. Intraocular lens exchange was performed in most AC and iris-fixed lens PCE cases (65% and 77%, respectively), but less frequently in PC lens cases (17%). A PC lens was placed in 29% of all PCE lens exchange cases. These data have confirmed and expanded observations from smaller studies about leading indications and surgical techniques for PK. Therefore, eye bank data may be useful in describing and monitoring future indications and trends for PK because they provide a broader base of information than that obtained through a single institution.
Cornea 1992 Nov
PMID:Indications and techniques of penetrating keratoplasties, 1985-1988. 146 21

A 20-year-old man was evaluated for an indolent corneal ulcer. Tissue and cultures from a penetrating keratoplasty indicated that the causative agent was Mycobacterium gordonae. This is the third patient reported with M. gordonae keratitis, although there have been numerous reports of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis is typically associated with previous trauma. The patient reported here had no known predisposing factor.
Cornea 1992 Jan
PMID:Mycobacterium gordonae keratitis. 155 51

Peripheral ulcerative keratopathy and necrotizing scleritis have been reported in rheumatoid arthritis patients after cataract surgery, but the incidence of these complications during the immediate postoperative period is unknown. We retrospectively studied 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent a total of 86 cataract extractions between 1973 and 1988. Only 15 of the patients had a preoperative history of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The best corrected postoperative visual acuity was greater than or equal to 20/30 in 81% of eyes. No episodes of scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratopathy occurred during the 8-week postoperative period. Three patients (all from the sicca group) developed diffuse superficial punctate keratopathy and/or filamentary keratitis. Results suggest that serious corneal complications after cataract surgery are uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis patients similar to the population found in our study (95% Poisson confidence interval 0-6.6%).
Cornea 1992 Mar
PMID:Corneal complications after cataract surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 158 18

An aminoglycoside-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected intrastromally into the corneas of rabbits, and keratitis was allowed to develop over a 22-h period. Rabbits were treated with either 0.75% ciprofloxacin, 1% norfloxacin, or 1.36% tobramycin administered topically every 15 min for 1 h and then every 30 min for the following 3 h. All therapy ceased 26 h postinoculation. Rabbits were killed 1 h after the treatment, and the number of bacteria per cornea were quantified in terms of bacterial colony-forming units. Aqueous humor specimens were obtained from rabbits receiving norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and bioassays were performed to determine drug concentration. Ciprofloxacin caused a 5 log reduction in the number of bacterial colony-forming units, as compared with untreated controls (p less than 0.0001); it also produced a significantly greater reduction in bacterial colony-forming units than either norfloxacin or fortified tobramycin drops (p less than 0.0001). Norfloxacin produced a 2 log reduction in bacterial colony-forming units, as compared with untreated controls (p less than 0.0001). The mean aqueous concentration of norfloxacin (7.5 micrograms/ml) was substantially less than that achieved by ciprofloxacin (30.5 micrograms/ml). We conclude that ciprofloxacin may be a useful broad spectrum, topical chemotherapeutic agent in the therapy of aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Cornea 1991 Jan
PMID:The efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. 190 52

The aim of our experiments was to determine whether treatment with topical fibronectin led to increased adherence of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa to rabbit corneas with epithelial defects. No significant effect of fibronectin was demonstrated. For all strains of S. aureus tested, the number of recoverable organisms was decreased at 24 h compared to 1 h. None of the rabbits developed infectious keratitis.
Cornea 1991 Sep
PMID:The effects of fibronectin on the adherence of bacteria to corneal epithelium. 193 35

Gentamicin sulfate is frequently included in the initial treatment of suspected bacterial keratitis. We present the gentamicin susceptibility test results for coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from corneal ulcers in nine patients. All were resistant to gentamicin by standard disk diffusion techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were very high, some exceeding the concentration normally achieved by frequent topical application of antibiotics. Clinicians should be aware that strains of staphylococci extremely resistant to gentamicin may cause keratitis. An antibiotic with broad activity against Gram-positive organisms, such as a cephalosporin or vancomycin, should be included as part of the initial therapy for corneal ulcers that might be caused by staphylococci.
Cornea 1991 Sep
PMID:Gentamicin resistance in staphylococcal corneal ulcers. 193 39

We report a case of diphtheroid keratitis that occurred in a compromised cornea. Corneal cultures yielded heavy growth of Corynebacterium striatus on blood and chocolate agar. The infection responded slowly to treatment with topical fortified cefazolin and fortified tobramycin. This case demonstrates that diphtheroids are capable of causing ocular infections and should not routinely be dismissed as contaminants or commensals.
Cornea 1991 Jan
PMID:Corynebacterium striatus keratitis. 201 13

Recurrent keratomycosis is reported due to the coelomycete Sphaeropsis subglobosa, which has not been recognised previously as a human pathogen. Infection followed corneal injury by a frayed bamboo cane with implantation of its splinters. Initial successful therapy with 2% clotrimazole topically, to which it was sensitive, was followed by recurrent infection after 39 months, initially a keratitis but progressing to an endophthalmitis. Penetrating keratoplasty was necessary to eradicate the infection. Further isolation of the fungus showed that it had not developed resistance to clotrimazole but had survived dormant, deep in the corneal stroma. S. subglobosa should be considered in bamboo-associated and horticultural injuries.
Cornea 1991 Jan
PMID:Sphaeropsis subglobosa keratomycosis--first reported case. 201 15

A case of miconazole corneal toxicity is reported. This was seen in a patient who had had a penetrating keratoplasty for Acanthamoeba keratitis; the patient was treated with miconazole postoperatively. The miconazole toxicity manifested itself as a row of pinpoint vesicular elevations in the corneal epithelium associated with surrounding superficial punctate keratitis. Stopping the miconazole led to the resolution of the corneal epithelial changes.
Cornea 1991 Jan
PMID:Miconazole corneal toxicity. 201 17

A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the clinical diagnoses of 1594 eyes that underwent penetrating keratoplasty performed in a private-referral corneal practice over a 9-year period, 1980-1988. The seven most common indications for surgery were keratoconus (24.0%), pseudophakic or aphakic bullous keratopathy (21.2%), corneal scarring (13.9%), Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (12.5%), regraft (8.1%), and herpetic keratitis (5.3%). Keratoconus was the leading indication from 1980 to 1985. From 1985 to 1988, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy became the leading indication and correlates well with known complications associated with closed-loop anterior chamber lenses, which were widely used during the early 1980s. Less frequent indications for penetrating keratoplasty included the following: infectious (nonviral) keratitis (3.5%); acute or chronic ulcerative keratitis (2.7%); interstitial keratitis (1.8%); mechanical trauma (1.5%); other (non-Fuchs') corneal dystrophies (1.4%); congenital opacities (0.8%); and chemical burns (0.5%).
Cornea 1991 May
PMID:Indications for penetrating keratoplasty: 1980-1988. 205 26


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