Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied intraocular penetration of topically applied trifluridine in five patients with herpetic keratitis undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. We compared the concentration of trifluridine and its metabolite 5-carboxy 2'-deoxyuridine in the aqueous humor to those of normal control patients undergoing routine cataract extraction without preoperative antiviral therapy. Significant concentrations of intact trifluridine were achieved in the acqueous humor after topical application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic drops. The metabolite, 5-carboxy 2'-deoxyuridine, was not found in the aqueous humor. Unlike idoxuridine and vidarabine, it is possible to achieve therapeutic levels of trifluridine at intraocular sites that would be advantageous in the treatment of deep herpetic disease involving the stroma and iris.
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PMID:Intraocular penetration of trifluridine. 11 Jan 52

Thirty-eight newborn Beagle puppies from eight litters of a specific pathogen-free colony maintained in isolation were inoculated with canine herpesvirus. Pups were killed between one and 30 days after inoculation. Histopathologic studies were carried out on the eyes and other tissues in conjunction with fluorescent antibody and viral isolation studies. Evidence of ocular inflammation manifested by panuveitis with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was usually seen by the fourth day after infection. Eyes with severe inflammation showed peripheral anterior synechiae, cataract, and keratitis. The presence of the virus was confirmed by viral isolation from ocular tissues and fluorescent antibody studies. Developmental anomalies included retinal dysplasia with fold and tube formation of the neural retina, retardation of retinal maturation, and areas of necrosis and reorganization were seen. The retinal pigment epithelium showed initially patchy depigmentation and vacuolization and, subsequently, folding hypertrophy and duplication as well as areas of widespread atrophy and patchy loss. In some animals ectopic retina was found within cystic spaces of the optic nerve. These experiments confirm the ability of canine herpes infection in neonatal pups to produce severe ocular inflammation with subsequent retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.
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PMID:Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies. 17 83

Three cases of exogenous mycotic infections of the eye are presented. The first is a case of keratitis in a patient suffering from glaucoma simplex who removed a foreign body from the cornea, caused by Fusarium solani, generally known as a saprophytic soil and plant inhabitant. As factors predisposing the patient to infection, trauma to the cornea like injury by a foreign body, as well as the preexisting disease of the eye, are discussed. The other case illustrates the change in the pathogenicity of an otherwise innocent fungus like Penicillium, which penetrated the sclera after injury of the eye by a broken airpiece of a drill and caused a severe endophathalmitis. The infection responded well to treatment with 5-fluorocytosine. The last case represents a rather mild well-known mycotic infection by Streptomyces somaliensis causing canaliculitis in a patient admitted for cataract surgery. Curettage of the infected canaliculus followed by iodine washout proved to be effective. The importance of the early clinical and laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid mistreatment with antibiotics and steroids and to ensure the right antimycotic treatment is stressed.
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PMID:Exogenous mycotic infections of the eye and adnexia. 30 89

The ocular complications in 78 renal transplant patients were evaluated. Fifty-eight (74%) showed some ocular abnormality. Forty-one patients (53%) were found to have various degrees of cataracts. The duration of hemodialysis, the age of the patients, and daily dosage of prednisone did not seem to influence the development of cataracts. Correlation was found between the total dosage of prednisone and the cataract formation. Mild and moderated hypertensive fundus changes were found in 15 patients. Severe progression of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 2 diabetic patients. For the first time focal hemorrhagic necrosis of the eyelid as a result of cryptococcus septicemia was noted. Other ocular complications include one case of ocular hypertension and one case of herpetic keratitis. Although the incidence of ocular complications was high, the severity of ocular pathology seemed to be relatively mild.
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PMID:Ocular complications after renal transplantation. 32 25

Rapid recognition and appropriate therapy will prevent or remediate most of the complications occurring in children after cataract aspiration and IOL implantation. Some of the complications of pediatric IOL implantations are related to the increased scleral pliability and decreased rigidity which predispose scleral collapse, vitreous loss, flat anterior chamber and corneal endothelial damage. A second group of complications is associated with the enhanced inflammatory and fibrotic responses peculiar to a child's eye. This group includes operative striate keratitis and iridocyclitis, late IOL precipitates, secondary and postpseudophakos membranes, iris erosion and synechiae formation, and IOL tilt and displacement. Although the intraocular lens is a possible means of visual rehabilitation for children with traumatic cataracts or unilateral infantile cataracts, its long-term risk/benefit ratio must still stand the test of time.
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PMID:Complications of implant surgery in children. 37 20

We initiated a pathologic investigation of ocular disease in wallabies. Of 21 animals examined, the eyes were investigated histologically in 11; in four of these animals the brains were also available for section and the sera were investigated in three. In ten animals only sera were received. Histologic studies showed bilateral or unilateral cataract in five animals. Eight animals, with or without cataracts, showed various degrees of keratitis, uveitis, choroidoretinitis, or endophthalmitis. In three animals Toxoplasma cysts were found within the retina or brain, or both. Of the 13 cases examined serologically 11 were positive for toxoplasmosis; three reached high titers.
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PMID:Ocular toxoplasmosis in wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus). 38

We treated 650 consecutive cases of phacoemulsification with total capsulectomy. More than 91% of cases had best corrected visual acuities of 20/40 or better. In those with vision of 20/100 or less (3.5%) no cause for decreased acuity could be related to the surgery; 94% of cases had less than 1.5 diopters of residual astigmatism. Vitreous loss, occurring in 2.9% of cases, could be related to initial inexperience and errors in technique rather than patient age. Postoperative complications included transient striate keratitis (2.3%), persistent corneal edema (one case), cystoid macular edema (2.8%), and aphakic retinal detachments (2.6%). There were no hyphemas, flat or shallow anterior chambers, or filtering blebs postoperatively. We believe that this technique of total cataract extraction through a 3-mm incision yields the same results as an intracapsular extraction, but with less complications, and all the benefits of a small limbal incision.
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PMID:Total cataract extraction through a 3-mm incision: a report of 650 cases. 42 80

A case of bilateral keratoconjunctivitis caused by self-instillation of a 1% aqueous solution of gentian violet was complicated by a secondary uveitis and gram-negative conjunctivitis. The patient was treated with cycloplegics and specific antibiotics and after resolution of the bacterial infection, a mild topical corticosteroid was used. After six months the patient had completely recovered from the keratitis, but bilateral corneal vascularization, had unilateral posterior synechiae, corneal scarring, and cataract formation were present. Cationic dyes such as gentian violet appear to be toxic to the ocular surfaces and tend to produce severe intraocular inflammation.
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PMID:Gentian violet keratoconjunctivitis. 43 94

Twenty-two cases with carcinomas of the nasal cavity, sinuses, buccal and orbital regions treated in the Radiotherapy Clinic of University Central Hospital in Turku, are presented. The dose delivered to the eye was 1400 to 6300 rd. The most usual radiation complication was keratitis which appeared in 15 cases, cataract was diagnosed in seven cases, corneal ulcer in three, iritis in two, retinopathia in two, and glaucoma in three cases. Most of the complications could be relieved or cured with appropriate therapy. In only one case the eye was to be enucleated because of severe glaucoma and corneal ulceration. As the prognosis of malignant tumours in this area usually is bad, irradiation to the eye on the affected side is to be taken as a calculated risk to achieve a more effective cancer control.
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PMID:Effects of megavoltage therapy of cancer on the eye. 82 70

In a series of 3,222 cataract operations where enzymatic zonulolysis with Alphachymotrypsin was employed, the authors describe two complications which are thought to be due to the effects of the enzyme. They are the persistent iridoplegia in 18 cases (0.05) and the filamentary keratitis in 34 patients (1.05%). The clinical picture of an acute enzymatic intraocular pressure increase and the appearance of a persistent iridoplegia are discussed. Furthermore, these complications are brought together in tables and associated with other which are also thought to be caused by Chymotrypsin.
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PMID:[Persistent iridoplegia and filamentary keratitis complications following cataract extraction (author's transl)]. 120 24


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