Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical studies reviewed here indicated the usefulness of topical application of Human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon (HulFN-B) in treatment of Adeno-8 Epidemic-keratoconjunctivitis. A week treatment with 2-5 X 10(5) reference units daily doses, starting early as possible, reduced the length of the disease from 22 day to a week, and almost totally prevented the appearance of subepithelial keratitis which occurred in 57% of the control group. Possibly interferon should be given also prophylactically to individuals exposed to contagion. Our results encourage further investigation on the Hul FN-B use as a drug for treatment and prevention of viral infection.
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PMID:Clinical effect of human-fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon in treatment of adeno-virus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and its complication. 662 58

The mechanism of antiherpetic action of bonaphthon was studied in experimental herpetic keratitis of rabbits infected with herpes simplex type I virus (Koptev and IC strains). Electron microscopy demonstrated that the drug inhibits herpes virus production and proliferation of virus infection because of partial impairment of the nucleocapsid "assembly" in the cell nucleus. It is assumed that the action of bonaphthon may be consequent on the inhibition of the cell synthesis of cytoplasmatic proteins incorporated into the capsids and on the derangement of the transport of virus capsid components to the cell nucleus, where these components are assembled. It has been shown that the intensity of virus reproduction in the cells decreases threefold under the effect of bonaphthon as compared to control.
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PMID:[Mechanism of the antiherpetic action of bonafton]. 744 94

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a proinflammatory cytokine released at sites of tissue damage by various cell types. One important function of IL-8 is to recruit neutrophils into sites of inflammation and to activate their biological activity. Stromal keratitis induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is characterized by an initial infiltration of neutrophils. This study was carried out to determine whether cells resident in the cornea synthesize IL-8 after virus infection. Pure cultures of epithelial cells and keratocytes established from human corneas were infected with HSV-1, and the medium overlying the cells was subsequently assayed for IL-8 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokine mRNA levels in cell lysates were monitored by Northern (RNA) blot analysis. It was found that virus infection of keratocyte cultures led to the synthesis of IL-8-specific mRNA with more than 30 ng of IL-8 made per 10(6) cells. Neither UV-inactivated virus nor virus-free filtrates collected from HSV-1-infected keratocytes could induce IL-8 protein or mRNA, suggesting that viral gene expression was needed for induction of IL-8 gene expression. Unlike keratocytes, HSV-1-infected epithelial cells failed to synthesize IL-8 protein or mRNA. However, these cells readily produced both molecules following tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation. HSV-1 had similar titers in both cell types. Thus, the failure to induce IL-8 synthesis was not due to an inability of the virus to replicate in epithelial cells. The capacity of HSV-1-infected corneal keratocytes to synthesize IL-8 suggests that these cells can contribute to the induction of the acute inflammatory response seen in herpes stromal keratitis.
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PMID:Induction of interleukin-8 gene expression is associated with herpes simplex virus infection of human corneal keratocytes but not human corneal epithelial cells. 768 2

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in cattle is generally associated with a short clinical course and a high case fatality rate (90-95%). The lesions in cattle that survive acute MCF for a prolonged period or appear to recover have not been documented. In a naturally occurring outbreak of MCF in a herd of beef cattle in Wyoming, 7 of 84 yearling heifers (8.3% of replacement herd) and 2 of 230 cows (0.9% of cow herd) developed clinical signs of pyrexia, mucopurulent discharge, bilateral keratitis, and weight loss following contact with ewes that had lambed 34-62 days earlier. Six of 9 affected cattle were examined postmortem following clinical signs (CS) that developed 2-150 days earlier. Three cattle with CS for < or = 39 days had lesions of regional lymphadenopathy and widespread severe segmental lymphoid arteritis-phlebitis that were typical of acute MCF, and proliferative intimal lesions were present in a small proportion of arteries at days 20 and 39 of CS. By contrast, 3 cattle that survived to 90, 105, and 150 days after clinical onset had distinctive arterial lesions in multiple organs, characterized by proliferative concentric fibrointimal plaques, disrupted inner elastic lamina, focally atrophic tunica media, and vasculitis of variable severity. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of intimal plaques identified the predominant cellular component to be smooth muscle cells with a contractile phenotype. No viral structures were seen. Serologic studies, using a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) that detects antibody to an epitope broadly conserved among isolates of the MCF virus, found that 2 chronically affected cattle were serologically positive between days 42 and 100 of CS, with seroconversion in 1 animal between days 52 and 73 of CS. Seroprevalence was 7.9% in the 76 remaining healthy animals of the replacement heifer herd and 40% (75% in adult sheep and 4% in lambs) in the in-contact sheep flock 77 days after onset of CS in the index case. This episode suggests that, in addition to the common and well recognized acute form of MCF in cattle, this viral infection encompasses a disease spectrum that includes chronic disease and partial to "complete" clinical recovery, and in recovered animals chronic obliterative arteriopathy is the preeminent lesion.
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PMID:Chronic generalized obliterative arteriopathy in cattle: a sequel to sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. 777 45

We report a series of 12 eyes which underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy with the Excimer laser Aesculap Meditec (model Mel 60). Mean follow up was 11 months (range 3 to 19 months). Six types of corneal pathologic lesions were treated: recurrent corneal erosions, corneal scars after herpetic keratitis, anterior stromal dystrophy, band keratopathy, mucous plaque, and scar after viral infection. Epithelium healed within the first post-operative week in 83.3% of cases. The goal of treatment was achieved in 75% of cases (100% of therapeutic success for recurrent corneal erosions and 66.6% for superficial corneal opacities). The main undesirable effects were postoperative pain, delayed reepithelialization (16.6%). One patient (8.3%) lost more than two lines of visual acuity. The results, the limits and the undesirable effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy are discussed from our experience and data found in the literature.
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PMID:[Results of therapeutic photo-keratectomy using the Excimer laser. Apropos of 12 cases]. 808 8

We report a retrospective analysis of the clinical indications for 3555 penetrating keratoplasties performed at our department between 1971 and 1990. The cases were distributed among 12 diagnostic categories. Regrafting was the most common indication overall, accounting for 1452 cases (40.8%). Other major indications were, in order of decreasing frequency, keratoconus (17%), scarring secondary to herpes simplex keratitis (11.7%), aphakic bullous keratopathy (5.9%) and interstitial keratitis (5%). Further analysis of the relative percentages in each category within each 5-year interval of the study period was carried out to identify any changes in incidence. Viral disease as an indication for penetrating keratoplasty has shown a gradual decrease in frequency, accounting for only 6.4% of the cases during the last 5-year period (1986-90) compared with 19.6% during the first 5 years (1971-75). This finding is consistent with the marked improvement in the recognition and medical treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. The increase in incidence of grafting for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 1986-90 (6.7%) compared with 1981-85 (1.1%) correlates well with the dramatic increase in the number of cataract extractions with intraocular lens implantations performed during that period.
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PMID:Changing indications for penetrating keratoplasty, 1971-1990. 825 25

The definitive diagnosis and determination of recurrence of herpes simplex keratitis are still difficult in clinical ophthalmology. At present, isolation of virus by tissue culture is perhaps the best method for establishing a specific aetiological diagnosis of viral infection. But due to its complicated and time-consuming procedures, the application of tissue culture for virus isolation in clinical work is still limited. In situ DNA hybridization is a specific and quick technique for directly detecting genetic materials, DNA and RNA, of viruses. In this study, this technique was used to identify herpes simplex virus type 1 from a patient's cornea suffered from recurrent herpetic keratitis. The technique offers a convenient and specific method for clinicians to make a definitive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of viral infectious diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of other different methods available for viral diagnosis, such as light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were discussed with an emphasis on in situ DNA hybridization.
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PMID:Direct identification of herpes simplex virus type-1 in human corneal tissue. Methodology and application of in situ DNA hybridization technique. 838 72

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on the murine cornea induces an intense inflammatory response which can lead to blindness. This disease, known as herpes stromal keratitis, can be prevented by the timely passive transfer of monoclonal antibody specific for viral glycoprotein D (gD). Precisely how antibody treatment prevents excessive corneal inflammation is not known. In this study we investigated whether chemokine mRNA expression is inhibited by antibody treatment. Total cellular RNAs isolated from normal corneas and at various times after virus infection were analyzed via reverse transcription-PCR for mRNA coding for seven different chemokines. Constitutive levels of IP-10, KC, MIP-2, MCP-1, MIP-1 beta, and RANTES mRNA were detected in uninfected corneas of BALB/c mice. When the cornea was mechanically traumatized, message for all six chemokines was transiently elevated above constitutive levels. In contrast, HSV-1 infection resulted in prolonged enhanced chemokine message expression. The kinetics of mRNA accumulation was distinctive for each chemokine analyzed. MIP-1 alpha message, not detected constitutively, was not evident until day 7 postinfection. Administration of anti-HSV gD monoclonal antibody 1 day after infection was associated with reduced message for MIP-2, MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta. IP-10, KC, and RANTES messages were not altered. Collectively, our results suggest that anti-gD treatment may protect, at least in part, by inhibiting production of chemokines believed to promote inflammation.
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PMID:Protective antibody therapy is associated with reduced chemokine transcripts in herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal infection. 855 95

Corneal infection with herpes simplex virus-1 in immunocompetent mice induces an immunopathologic response termed herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). The earliest sign of disease is neutrophil infiltration, which lasts for 48 to 72 h and then disappears. However, a secondary neutrophil infiltration, this time more massive, occurs, beginning 8 to 9 days postinfection, a time in which HSK becomes clinically evident. The role of neutrophils in HSK expression was investigated by eliminating such cells using a specific mAb (RB6-8C5). In neutrophil-depleted immunocompetent mice, virus replicated more abundantly, but no effects on HSK expression were observed, possibly because sustained neutropenia could not be maintained. However, using a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model, in which HSK does not occur unless given adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells, the effects of neutrophil depletion were more pronounced. There were significantly less incidence and severity of HSK in CD4+ T cell-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient mice that were depleted of neutrophils as compared with controls. Neutrophil-depleted mice displayed moderate to severe periocular skin lesions, progressively became cachetic, and developed signs of encephalitis. Virus was recovered at higher titers and for longer periods from eyes of neutrophil-depleted animals. Brain virus titers were also significantly higher on day 12 postinfection as compared with control animals. These results suggest that herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea rapidly invokes recruitment of neutrophils that may aid in viral clearance, and that neutrophils directly or indirectly serve as agonists in perpetuating a CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:On the essential involvement of neutrophils in the immunopathologic disease: herpetic stromal keratitis. 901 83

Viral infection is sometimes associated with the initiation or exacerbation of autoimmune disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One proposed mechanism is that viral determinants that mimic host antigens trigger self-reactive T cell clones to destroy host tissue. An epitope expressed by a coat protein of herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) KOS strain has now been shown to be recognized by autoreactive T cells that target corneal antigens in a murine model of autoimmune herpes stromal keratitis. Mutant HSV-1 viruses that lacked this epitope did not induce autoimmune disease. Thus, expression of molecular mimics can influence the development of autoimmune disease after viral infection.
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PMID:Molecular mimicry by herpes simplex virus-type 1: autoimmune disease after viral infection. 950 4


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