Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 52-year-old woman contracted a serious influenza; three weeks later a dropshaped patch, whitish-yellow in color and deeply vascularized, was seen on the posterior upper surface of the cornea of one eye. It was accompanied by an anterior uveitis. The Tyndall phenomenon was positive. The sensibility of the upper quadrants of the cornea was reduced, temporally to 1.84 g/mm2, nasally to 3.20 g/mm2. Central vision was approx. 0.03. The condition was treated locally with steroid eye drops and generally with Diclofenac 2 X 50 mg. The infiltration became clearer as a result and vision increased to 0.8. Further examinations over a period of 2-1/2 years revealed crystal-like deposits and fiberglass-like structures. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate remained elevated. Since the etiology of these changes is still unknown, the authors suggest the purely descriptive term 'deep parenchymatous keratitis'. It would seem likely that this is a herpetic condition, especially in view of the decreased sensibility of the upper quadrants of the cornea.
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PMID:[Inflammatory and regressive changes of the posterior surface of the cornea]. 672 40

Corneal endothelial reaction on a 60-year-old male with acute anterior uveitis following typical dendritic keratitis was studied by bio- and specular microscopes. The epithelial dendritic ulcer of the left cornea healed within 10 days with topical trifluorothymidin treatment. Six weeks later the same eye became red and painful and anterior uveitis was diagnosed. Changes in the endothelium suggested that endothelitis was also present. The non-reflecting black endothelial areas were documented as a new sign, by specular microscopy. The black areas disappeared in 3 days with topical trifluorothymidin and corticosteroid treatment. The pathomechanism of these transient black areas is discussed.
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PMID:Herpetic endothelial keratitis. A case report. 678 5

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) therapy for Onchocerca volvulus infection results in frequent ocular and systemic complications, but the pathogenesis of these complications is unclear. Twenty men with O. volvulus infection were treated over a period of six months with DEC given daily for one week and weekly thereafter. Major systemic and ocular complications included proteinuria, severe pruritus, visual field constriction, optic nerve pallor, chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis, and punctate keratitis. Levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) were increased (greater than 11% [125I]C1q binding) in 14 of the 20 men prior to treatment. Persons with pretreatment C1q binding activity of greater than 30% were at increased risk to develop constriction of visual fields (P less than 0.05) and proteinuria (P less than 0.015). Linear regression analysis revealed a striking correlation between pretreatment levels of CICs and the total number of both systemic and ocular complications (P less than 0.001) and ocular complications alone (P less than 0.005). These results suggest that CICs may be important in the pathogenesis of the delayed systemic and ocular complications following DEC therapy for O. volvulus infection.
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PMID:Ocular and systemic complications of diethylcarbamazine therapy for onchocerciasis: association with circulating immune complexes. 684 23

In severe zoster keratitis many pathogenic factors are involved. In addition to viral manifestations, the cornea is often affected by anterior uveitis or secondary glaucoma. Neuroparalytic keratitis causes lowered blinking frequency and decreased tear secretion. In addition, zoster ulcerations of the upper lid margin mechanically disturb reformation of the tear film and weaken the lipid layer by necrosis of the Meibomian glands. Ointments reduce break-up time and parasympathicolytic mydriatics further decrease tear secretion. When the average time between two blinks is shorter than the tear film break-up time, a "dry eye" condition usually develops. The appropriate treatment in such cases is thorough prevention of evaporation.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of neuroparalytic zoster keratitis (author's transl)]. 697 Aug 53

We studied characteristics of ocular inflammation associated with Yersinia infection in 23 patients. After an acute onset with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, 22 patients developed arthritis, 11 patients developed myalgia, 11 patients developed Reiter's syndrome, 17 patients developed acute anterior uveitis, and nine patients developed conjunctivitis. Sacroiliitis was found in 12 patients. The patients had high erythrocyte sedimentation rates, leukocytosis, and lack of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor. All 17 patients tested had HLA-B27 antigen. The patients with acute anterior uveitis showed aqueous flare, cells, fine keratic precipitates, and often exudates, posterior synechiae, vitritis, and macular edema. Acute anterior uveitis was mostly unilateral and resolved during corticosteroids on the average during the first six weeks; recurrences were seen in about half of the cases. Conjunctivitis was generally mild with no chemosis, follicles, or keratitis; and it resolved in one week without treatment. Our results indicate that in HLA-B27 positive patients infective agents can trigger acute anterior uveitis or conjunctivitis, which often occur together with rheumatic diseases.
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PMID:Ocular inflammation associated with Yersinia infection. 735 91

We studied characteristics of ocular inflammation in Reiter's disease after Salmonella enteritis in eight patients. After an acute onset with diarrhea, fever in six patients, and headache in three patients, all patients developed arthritis; six patients had myalgia; six patients, urethritis; and one patient, carditis. Sacroiliitis was found in four patients. All patients had HLA-B28 antigen. Conjunctivitis occurred in seven patients. It was mostly mild with no chemosis, follicles, or keratitis, and resolved in ten days. In one case palpebral edema, chemosis in the conjunctiva, and purulent exudate were seen. One patient had transient episodes of keratitis and corneal erosion for two months and episodes of conjunctivitis for 11 months. Three patients developed unilateral acute anterior uveitis with aqueous flare, cells, fine keratic precipitates, and fibrinous exudation from three to four years after the onset of the illness. One of these patients had vitritis and macular and papillary edema.
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PMID:Ocular inflammation in Reiter's disease after Salmonella enteritis. 739 59

Medical records of 17 cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus injection were reviewed. Herpesvirus infection was confirmed by a positive result on an immunofluorescent antibody test or by detection of dendritic corneal ulcers. Cats were 3 months to 23 years old (mean, 4.8 years). Sex or breed predilections were not evident. Vaccination history was available for 13 cats, 9 of which had been adequately vaccinated against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calici, and panleukopenia viruses. Six cats had a history of respiratory tract disease. Twelve cats were tested for FeLV, and 3 had positive results; 7 cats were tested for feline immunodeficiency virus, with 1 positive result. The most common ocular abnormality seen was conjunctivitis (13/17 cats), followed by dendritic corneal ulcers (10/17 cats). Keratitis was detected in 6 of 17 cats, and nondendritic corneal ulcers in 3 of 17 cats. Corneal sequestra were evident on initial examination or developed during the follow-up period in 4 of 17 cats. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed in 2 of 17 cats, and anterior uveitis was evident in 1 of 17 cats. All cats had 2 or more clinical ocular abnormalities associated with herpesvirus infection. Treatment with topically applied antiviral medications was instituted in 14 cats, including idoxuridine in 7, vidarabine in 4, and trifluridine in 3. Antibiotics were used topically in 10 cats, and atropine was used in 3 cats. Topical administration of corticosteroids was used in 2 cats. Recombinant human alpha-interferon was given orally to 3 cats in conjunction with topical administration of antiviral agents. In addition to medical treatment, 4 cats were treated surgically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of cats with ocular disease attributable to herpesvirus infection: 17 cases (1983-1993). 764 74

The natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and aspects of its treatment and prevention are presented. Intraocular complications occur in 50 percent of cases. Anterior uveitis and the various varieties of keratitis are commonest, affecting 92% and 52% of patients with ocular involvement, respectively. Sight-threatening complications include neuropathic keratitis, perforation, secondary glaucoma, posterior scleritis/orbital apex syndrome, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis. Twenty-eight percent of initially involved eyes develop long-term ocular disease (6 months), with chronic uveitis, keratitis, and neuropathic ulceration being the commonest. Acute pain occurs in 93% of patients and is still present in 31% at 6 months. Of patients aged 60 and over pain persists in 30% for 6 months or longer, and this rises to 71% in those aged 80 and over. Current evidence favours the use of topical acyclovir alone for treatment of established ocular complications, with topical steroids being withheld in all but the most severe cases. Stellate ganglion block has proved useful in the treatment of established acute pain. Amitryptiline, and to a lesser extent sodium valproate, are useful in established chronic pain. Evidence of the efficacy of early oral acyclovir on ocular complications is conflicting, with two studies reporting significant improvement in differing disease parameters. A similar situation exists for pain, with published studies showing differing effects on pain at varying times after the onset of disease. The use of systemic steroids to prevent pain is not supported by currently available evidence, but its therapeutic relationship with acyclovir requires further evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of ophthalmic zoster. 824 2

In the onchocerciasis-endemic rain forest area of the Rumpi Hills in southwestern Cameroon, a community-based trial of ivermectin, given either once or twice a year over a three-year period (1988-1991), confirmed that the drug is a potent microfilaricide. The side effects recorded following the first treatment were edema, fever, pruritus, generalized body pains and lymphadenitis. Following subsequent treatments, the same adverse reactions were recorded, but these were generally milder when compared with those of the first treatment. The prevalence of skin microfilaria (mf) was more reduced in zone two, in which treatment was given every six months (76.9% reduction at the end of one year) than in the zone one, in which treatment was given once a year (7.4% reduction). In both zones, the impact of the drug in reducing the intensity of infection was more significant than that for prevalence. Besides pruritus, other skin symptoms were not significantly modified by ivermectin treatment. Ivermectin reduced the prevalence of ocular mf as well as the mf load of the anterior chamber of the eye, resulting in improvement of certain eye lesions such as punctate keratitis, anterior uveitis, and papillary anomalies. There was also some improvement in visual acuity. The level of participation of the village populations was somewhat low, ranging from 52% to 66%, despite excitement over the drug's additional benefit of expelling intestinal round worms.
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PMID:A community-based trial of ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in the forest of southwestern Cameroon: clinical and parasitologic findings after three treatments. 842 94

Kawasaki's disease is a mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome associated with an acute febrile illness affecting children. Ocular signs are a principal presenting feature with hyperhemic indurated limbal sparing inflammation (88 to 96%), and some mild anterior uveitis. We report a case of disciform keratitis affecting a 10 year old child. Ocular features of Kawasaki's Disease resolved completely within a few weeks.
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PMID:[Disciform keratitis and Kawasaki's disease]. 849 53


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