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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herpetic eye disease is common and is frequently associated with intraocular inflammation or uveitis. Despite recent advances in measuring anti-herpes virus antibodies and viral DNA in ocular fluids, diagnosis remains largely clinical. The two more common syndromes include anterior uveitis, often associated with keratitis, and the acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome. Treatment is complex and requires careful monitoring to provide the appropriate balance of antiviral medication and corticosteroids. Long-term prophylaxis with oral antiviral agents may be required in selected patients to help prevent the vision-compromising complications associated with recurrences.
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PMID:Advances in diagnosis and management of herpetic uveitis. 1079 Dec 59

This retrospective clinical study describes the clinical manifestations, light microscopic findings, and diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic lens rupture in the horse. Rupture of the lens capsule in the horse usually results in a chronic, blinding inflammation (phacoclastic uveitis) unless prompt surgical and medical therapies are implemented. The clinical manifestations of acute lens capsule rupture included: cataract; intralenticular displacement of iridal pigment; lens cortical fragments attached to the perforated lens capsule, iris, and corneal endothelium; miosis; aqueous flare; and usually a corneal or scleral perforation with ulceration or focal full thickness corneal edema and scarring. The clinical signs of chronic phacoclastic uveitis include blindness, phthisis bulbi, and generalized corneal opacification related to scarring, vascularization, pigmentation, and edema. In one horse, acute phacoclastic uveitis was successfully treated with phacoemulsification to remove the ruptured lens and medical therapy to control the accompanying inflammation. The affected eyes of the horses with chronic phacoclastic uveitis were enucleated because of persistent clinical signs of nonulcerative keratitis and uveitis, despite long-term medical management. The clinical manifestations and lack of improvement with medical therapy are similar in the horse, dog, cat, and rabbit. However, the histologic findings in equine phacoclastic uveitis differ significantly from those in the dog, and rabbit.
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PMID:Equine phacoclastic uveitis: the clinical manifestations, light microscopic findings, and therapy of 7 cases. 1081 30

We isolated Acanthamoebae from the first two keratitis patients identified in Thailand in 1988 and 1990. The patients developed decreased vision, severe photophobia, severe eye pain and foreign body sensation after minor corneal trauma. The lesions included generalized superficial punctate keratitis, stromal corneal ulcer with keratic precipitate and uveitis in one case, and corneal ulcer with abscess in the other. Both cases were diagnosed by isolation of characteristic trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba from corneal tissue by non-nutrient agar culture method. Based on cyst morphology, A. castellanii and A. polyphaga were detected in one case, and A. castellanii and A. triangularis in the other. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA-RFLP) revealed that each patient harboured a single parasite population. One shared mtDNA-RFLP with an authentic strain of A. castellanii, and the other gave a new unique pattern. Thus species identification of Acanthamoeba based on cyst morphology per se can be arbitrary, and mtDNA-RFLP may be more appropriate for accurate species/strain differentiation amongst morphologically heterogeneous populations of Acanthamoebae.
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PMID:Heterogeneity in cyst morphology within isolates of Acanthamoeba from keratitis patients in Thailand. 1088 96

Changes in the levels of natural antibodies in the lacrimal fluid, saliva, and blood immunoglobulin concentrations were studied in patients with ocular injuries, inflammatory (keratitis, scleritis, uveitis) and noninflammatory diseases of the eyes. These values can be used as additional parameters for the diagnosis and prediction of the treatment efficiency. The immune system functions as a universal system with different compartments, and therefore mathematical relationships between these parameters were studied. Positive linear regression and correlation relationships were detected between -log2 antibody titers in the serum and lacrimal fluid, antibody titers in the saliva and serum, and negative relationships between antibody titers in the lacrimal fluid and IgA concentration and between lacrimal antibody titers and IgA level.
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PMID:[Regularities of changes in parameters of humoral immunity in patients with eye diseases]. 1103 71

Herpetic keratitis and uveitis probably represent two of the most under- and misdiagnosed diseases affecting the anterior eye segment despite their being major causes of blindness in developed countries. Recurrences are pathognomonic of herpetic eye disease and are responsible for the high socioeconomic costs of this affection. In recent years, the application of molecular biological methods and the results of long-term clinical studies have afforded us new insights into the pathophysiology of herpetic eye disease and have advanced our perception of how best to manage it. This article summarizes our current understanding of the pathophysiology of herpetic eye disease and, in the light of this wisdom, discusses specific conditions (epithelial and geographic keratitis, ulcerating and non-ulcerative stromal keratitis, disciform keratitis/endotheleitis, uveitis and metaherpetic keratitis) as well as contemporary therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. The possible mechanistic basis of recurrence is also dealt with, as is the sociomedical relevance of the disease. In addition to providing a documentation of typical clinical pictures, the article also furnishes information respecting the course of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical manifestations of herpetic keratitis and uveitis]. 1121 82

A case of keratitis due to caterpillar hairs of the Pseudosphinx tetrio is reported. As he was clearing his garden without glasses or a protective headgear, the patient felt left ocular pain due to the projection of a caterpillar into the eye. On examination, there were numerous intrastromal caterpillar hairs involving the inferior temporal quadrant of the cornea. The small size of the hairs prevented removal with forceps. The patient was treated by extensive washing of the eyeball and topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs, cycloplegics and antibiotics. The caterpillar hairs gradually came off the cornea over a two-weeks period. The cornea remained free of any scar. Besides keratitis and conjunctivitis, caterpillar hairs are known to cause iris nodules, chronic uveitis, cataract, hyalitis, chorioretinitis, and orbital cellulitis.
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PMID:[Keratitis due to caterpillar of Pseudosphinx tetrio hairs]. 1146 61

Scleral implants of indomethacin with sodium alginate as carrier were fabricated and evaluated for various physico-chemical properties such as uniformity of thickness, weight, drug content, surface pH, percent dissolution and water up-take capacity (swelling index). The effect of drug particle size, polymer concentration, drug loading, plasticizer concentration, and effects of physical reinforcement (freeze-thawing for 3 and 6 cycles) and chemical cross-linking with calcium chloride, on the in vitro drug release characteristics were evaluated. Selected batches of the implants were subjected to pharmacodynamic studies, after scleral placement, in uveitis induced (intravitreal injection of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-50 micrograms/ml) rabbit eyes. The release of indomethacin from the prepared implants followed predominantly matrix diffusion kinetics. Swelling and moisture absorption/loss studies correlated well with the in vitro release studies. The pharmacodynamic studies showed a marked improvement in the various clinical parameters (congestion, keratitis, flare, clot, aqueous cells and synechias), in the implanted eye when compared to the control eye in the rabbits.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo characterization of scleral implants of indomethacin. 1168 26

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) is not an uncommon condition in the elderly and the immunocompromised. The common ocular manifestations include blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis and uveitis. Dramatic presentations like orbital apex syndrome and superior orbital fissure syndromes occur rarely in patients with herpes zoster meningo-encephalitis. We report a patient with herpes zoster meningo-encephalitis and the superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS).
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PMID:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the superior orbital fissure syndrome. 1187 54

The goal of this article is to present a clinical case, being particular by the existence of keratitis at a patient who was diagnosed after histological exam of the ocular contents with sarcoidosis granulomatous uveitis. We try to review some aspects characteristic to sarcoidosis, disease which returns in our attention due to the high frequency of uveitis and that's why it deserves a special place in etiology of uveitis.
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PMID:[Rare association--luetic interstitial keratitis and sarcoidosis granulomatous uveitis. Case report]. 1191 85

We reviewed ophthalmic manifestations in Lyme borreliosis, concentrating on clinical and laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment options. Ocular involvement may occur in every stage of the disease. Conjunctivitis and episcleritis are the most frequent manifestations of the early stage. Neuro-ophthalmic disorders and uveitis occur in the second stage whereas keratitis, chronic intraocular inflammation and orbital myositis have been reported in the third stage of borreliosis.
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PMID:[Ophthalmic manifestations in Lyme borreliosis]. 1219 35


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