Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of muramidase activity were measured in 162 patients with different ocular diseases and 84 healthy subjects by electro-immuno-diffusion technique. We demonstrated for the first time that electro-immuno-diffusion technique could be successfully applied for the estimation of serum muramidase concentrations. Serum muramidase was found to be high in significant number of cases with granulomatous uveitis, tuberculous keratitis, central serous retinopathy and Eales' disease. Tuberculosis was presumed to be the cause in them by the process of exlusion. Patients with high serum muramidase activity were subjected to anti-tubercular treatment with a marked clinical improvement. It is suggested that high serum muramidase could be an useful parameter in deciding the line of treatment in patients with ocular diseases of uncertain etiology. Serum muramidase concentrations showed return to normal levels with the clinical improvement of the diseases with treatment. It increased again with the re-appearance of the activity of the diseases.
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PMID:Immunoassay of serum muramidase (lysozyme) in ocular diseases. 350 56

Corneal epithelium antibodies were detected in patients with corneal melting disease (55%), uveitis (42%), corneal transplantation (42%) and marginal furrow disease (20%). These antibodies were not found in herpetic keratitis patients. In control groups, consisting of ocular surgery patients (glaucoma, retinal detachment and cataract) and persons without a history of ocular disease, approximately 4% of the subjects had these antibodies. To investigate the possible role of trauma to the cornea as an initiator of corneal epithelium antibodies, these antibodies were determined in rabbits after alkaline burns were made on the cornea. These antibodies were detected one week later and disappeared after six weeks. Serum from three patients with corneal melting disease and corneal transplantation containing a high antibody titre against corneal epithelium were used to isolate corneal epithelium antigens. A 54 kD and a 17 kD corneal epithelium antigen were isolated. The incidence of autoantibodies directed against these antigens was investigated in patients with corneal melting disease, uveitis and corneal transplantation using an ELISA. 50% of the sera positive in the immunofluorescence test were positive in the ELISA.
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PMID:Clinical and experimental studies concerning circulating antibodies to corneal epithelium antigens. 355 14

Data are reviewed that illustrate the efficacy of the immunofluorescence (IF) technique as a method of rapid viral diagnosis. Its constant application in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology has allowed the detection of viral and/or inframicrobial antigens in cells from patients with eye diseases (keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis), stomatitis, skin diseases, benign and malignant gynecopathies, male urethritis, respiratory diseases, facial paralysis, etc. The IF technique has an incontestable advantage as regards the detection of the simultaneous presence of several infectious agents in the same patient. The prerequisites and prospects of a wider application of IF methods for rapid viral diagnosis are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Rapid viral diagnosis by immunofluorescence reactions. 391 54

The ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever were characterized in 15 naturally occurring and eight experimentally induced cases of the disease. Consistent findings included: lymphocytic vasculitis of retinal, scleral, posterior ciliary, and uveal vessels; uveitis, especially involving ciliary processes, ciliary body, and iris; and keratitis with corneal edema, neovascularization, and epithelial and endothelial degeneration. Lymphocytic ciliary neuritis and optic meningitis were found less frequently. Ultrastructural examination of the ciliary body and iris from one experimental calf confirmed that most infiltrating mononuclear cells were lymphocytes. The uveitis, vasculitis, and keratitis of malignant catarrhal fever were probably immune-mediated.
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PMID:Ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever. 400 35

The monkey eyes infested by inoculation into the eye anterior chamber of the ECHO-19 virus from children with uveitis were studied morphologically. It was established electron microscopically that the inoculated virus is replicated in the capillary endothelium and stromal cells of the uveal tract. Crystal-like accumulation of virions and degenerative changes in the organelles are observed in these cells. Acute granulomatous alterative-exudative-hemorrhagic uveitis with the destruction of the iris, ciliary body and processes and secondary changes in the cornea and crystalline lens with the symptoms of keratitis and cataract develop in the anterior part of the eye as observed in the light microscope. The anterior and posterior goniosynechia develop. An acute inflammatory process is further transformed into a progressing autoimmune inflammation.
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PMID:[Pathomorphology of uveitis caused by an echovirus]. 407 46

Flubendazole, an injectable benzimidazole drug, was compared with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in a prospective double-blind study of the treatment of onchocerciasis. Nineteen Mexican men were randomly assigned to receive either flubendazole 750 mg intramuscularly once a week for 5 doses, or DEC 100 mg twice daily for 14 days, and they were then followed up for 12 months. Major systemic side-effects during the first 3 weeks were common in the DEC group but not in the flubendazole group in which there was considerable inflammation at the injection site instead. Ocular complications (limbitis, punctate keratitis, and uveitis) were also common in the DEC group, whereas in the flubendazole group they consisted only of one new punctate opacity at day 4 in one subject. One DEC patient also had several new areas of chorioretinal changes on day 2 but these had disappeared by 2 months. Skin microfilaria counts fell rapidly in the DEC group, but returned to the pretreatment levels. In contrast, skin microfilaria counts in the flubendazole group fell slowly, but by 6 and 12 months were lower than in the DEC group (at 12 months 0.2 vs 7.3 mf/mg, p less than 0.001). In addition, by 6 months none of the flubendazole subjects had intracorneal microfilariae, and only one had microfilariae in the anterior chamber, whereas the numbers of intraocular microfilariae in the DEC group had returned to pretreatment levels. The results suggest that flubendazole is safer and more effective than DEC in the treatment of onchocerciasis.
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PMID:Comparison of flubendazole and diethylcarbamazine in treatment of onchocerciasis. 613 Jan 95

Trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) is an antiviral agent for topical use in the eye, and is structurally related to idoxuridine. In vitro studies have shown that it effectively inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1, which causes primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis in man. In masked comparative studies, predominantly in patients with dendritic ulcers, trifluridine 1% solution was effective in over 90% of patients; in such studies it was comparable with vidarabine in treating dendritic ulcers, and was at least as effective as, and in some studies more effective than, idoxuridine. The drug was also effective in treating a small number of patients with geographic ulcers (sometimes associated with the usage of topical corticosteroids), and this could be an important advantage if confirmed in further well-designed studies. However, experience at present is too limited to reliably determine the usual response rate in this difficult therapeutic area. In open studies the drug proved to be particularly useful in treating ulcers previously unresponsive to idoxuridine or vidarabine, and in treating patients intolerant of idoxuridine, with a high success rate and minimal side effects being reported. The role of trifluridine in treating deep stromal disease, uveitis, or adenovirus kerato-conjunctivitis has not been established. The drug is well tolerated and cross-hypersensitivity and cross-toxicity between trifluridine, idoxuridine and vidarabine are rare. Thus, trifluridine is an effective alternative to the drugs available for treating herpetic keratitis, and seems especially useful in 'difficult' cases.
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PMID:Trifluridine: a review of its antiviral activity and therapeutic use in the topical treatment of viral eye infections. 628 70

Immuno-enzymatic assay of aqueous humor and serum antiherpetic antibodies was performed in 155 patients with all types of uveitis and with keratitis. Globulin levels were also determined in the two fluids, employing an original nephelometry-laser technique. This immuno-enzymatic technique, which possesses greater reliability, reproducibility, and sensitivity than passive hemagglutination, appears suitable for microassay in aqueous humor, and demonstrates the production of anti-herpes antibodies in this fluid to the exclusion of other specificity. Applying limits of at least 1/40e for H.A. antibody levels, and at least 10 for the immunity load coefficient, these antibodies could be demonstrated in half of the cases of clinically confirmed herpes, in one-third of clinically suspected cases, and in two intermediary cases of uveitis where no predictive signs of herpes were present. In contrast, specific antibodies were never detected in 70 cases of anterior or total uveitis. Measuring anti-herpes antibodies in aqueous humor and serum by the ELISA method, in association with immunity load coefficients determination in the two fluides, appears to be a very useful method for the future etiological diagnosis of anterior and intermediary uveitis when the etiology is uncertain but clinical signs suggest a possible herpetic origin.
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PMID:[Value of the immunoenzyme method (ELISA) in determining serum and aqueous humor antiherpes immunoglobulin levels (apropos of 155 cases)]. 629 17

Acute ocular infection followed both intracerebral and intranasal inoculation of herpes simplex type I virus (HSVI) in mice. Eye infections were a terminal complication of fatal encephalitis. After intracerebral inoculation HSVI spread directly along the optic nerves to infect the retina provoking a necrotizing retinitis. In contrast after intranasal inoculation, HSVI spread via the fifth cranial nerve to the anterior chamber of the eye producing keratitis and uveitis. Necrotizing retinitis was also produced by intracerebral inoculation of mice with a drug-resistant mutant HSVI known to have relatively low neurovirulence. These animals developed only mild encephalitis but this was associated with florid retinitis. The mice survived cerebral infection with the mutant virus and several weeks after initial inoculation cataracts were observed. There was no evidence, at any time, of virus infection of lens epithelium and cataracts appeared to be a non-specific consequence of retinal injury. It is suggested that these examples of murine ocular infection provide animal models for herpetic eye lesions in man and thus may elucidate the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis, retinitis and cataract.
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PMID:An animal model of ocular herpes. Keratitis, retinitis and cataract in the mouse. 633 86

As has been established in rabbits, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) is superior to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) in the topical treatment of epithelial HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) keratitis, and superior to 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (TFT) in the topical treatment of deep stromal HSV-1 keratitis and HSV-1 uveitis. BVDU 0.1% eye drops have also proven efficacious in the treatment of patients with dendritic corneal ulcers, geographic corneal ulcers and stromal keratitis, and combined treatment of BVDU 0.1% eye drops with oral BVDU at 375 mg/day for 5 days led to a prompt healing of keratouveitis and skin lesions in patients with ophthalmic herpes zoster.
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PMID:Efficacy of bromovinyldeoxyuridine in the treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus eye infections. 633 20


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