Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. The drug which was initially found to be useful in the treatment of strabismus has been extremely effective in the treatment of variety of conditions, both cosmetic and noncosmetic. Some of the noncosmetic uses of botulinum toxin applications include treatment of spastic facial dystonias, temporary treatment of idiopathic or thyroid dysfunction-induced upper eyelid retraction, suppression of undesired hyperlacrimation, induction of temporary ptosis by chemodenervation in facial paralysis, and correction of lower eyelid spastic entropion. Additional periocular uses include control of synchronic eyelid and extraocular muscle movements after aberrant regeneration of cranial nerve palsies. Cosmetic effects of botulinum toxin were discovered accidentally during treatments of facial dystonias. Some of the emerging nonperiocular application for the drug includes treatment of hyperhidrosis, migraine, tension-type headaches, and paralytic spasticity. Some of the undesired side effects of periocular applications of botulinum toxin inlcude ecchymosis, rash, hematoma, headache, flu-like symptoms, nausea, dizziness, loss of facial expression, lower eyelid laxity, dermatochalasis, ectropion, epiphora, eyebrow and eyelid ptosis, lagophthalmos, keratitis sicca, and diplopia.
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PMID:Noncosmetic periocular therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin. 2061 16

Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia is a rare desmosomal gap junction abnormality known to produce keratitis and cataracts in addition to multiple systemic problems. It generally carries a poor visual prognosis due to corneal scarring, amblyopia, and side effects of the treatment. The authors present a sporadic case of hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia with an unusually good visual outcome and suggest that timely and appropriate intervention can improve the visual prognosis of this rare disorder.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010 Nov 23
PMID:Long-term ocular follow-up in a case with hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia. 2111 25

The recognition of ocular manifestations in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is critical. The authors report an unusual manifestation of corneal involvement in a 10-year-old girl with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis who presented with unilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis during arthritis exacerbation. Corneal inflammation was successfully managed with topical steroids, oral methylprednisolone, and methotrexate.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010 Oct 21
PMID:Peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 2116 64

Fifteen-month-old twins presented with photophobia and bilateral corneal pseudodendrites, and tyrosinemia type II was suspected. Plasma tyrosine levels were elevated. After therapy with tyrosine-restricted diet, corneal lesions resolved. Bilateral pseudodendritic keratitis may be the initial or only manifestation of tyrosinemia type II.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2012 May 08
PMID:Isolated corneal pseudodendrites as the initial manifestation of tyrosinemia type II in monozygotic twins. 2258 28

Cosmetic blepharoplasty is the most often performed procedure in plastic surgery and ophthalmic plastic surgery. Many complications have been reported including ectropion, exposure keratitis, hemorrhage, epiphora, infection, vision loss, and, very rarely, diplopia. Although uncommon, there have been several case reports and case series published evaluating possible causes of this problem, including aggressive excision of fat, wound-related inflammation, conjunctival edema, and temporary muscle disturbances. Although the inferior oblique muscle is most susceptible to injury, the inferior rectus and superior oblique muscles are also subject to trauma. When performing cosmetic blepharoplasties, surgeons should be cautious when dissecting fat pads and should do so under direct visualization. Meticulous cautery is also important to avoiding injury to the extraocular muscles. Fresnel prisms and Bangerter filters can be used to help alleviate diplopia in patients with small-angle strabismus. Surgical exploration and extraocular muscle surgery may be indicated in patients with diplopia that cannot be resolved with nonsurgical treatment.
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PMID:Diplopia following cosmetic surgery. 2300 70

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe chronic bilateral inflammation of the ocular surface characterized by seasonal exacerbations. Long-term prognosis is generally good; however, 6% develop sequelae responsible for permanent visual impairment. Corneal involvement is almost always present, consisting of punctate keratitis, shield ulcers (3-11%) and late corneal neovascularization. In recent years, topical cyclosporine A preparations at 2% in oil or at 1% in polyvinyl alcohol, have been successfully proposed for long term VKC treatments. It has been previously proven that medical treatment is not always sufficient, especially when it is employed to treat shield ulcer plaques. In such conditions, surgery may be effective for avoiding long term complications such as amblyopia, strabismus, infections and corneal perforation. In this paper, we show the efficacy of surgical debridement by means of simple scraping associated with topical cyclosporine treatment for the management of vernal shield ulcers complicated with plaques.
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PMID:Surgical debridement plus topical cyclosporine A in the treatment of vernal shield ulcers. 2305 30

This paper presents five cases of steroid resistant vernal keratoconjunctivitis which were treated with cromolyn sodium. Four of the five patients had an associated punctate keratitis which cleared in this treatment. Topical application of cromolyn in the form of 4%aqueous solution appears to be an effective means for treating vernal keratoconjunctivitis .The drug is well tolerated and is without significant ocular side effects. The drug may be used in conjunction with topical corticosteroids without ill effect. More importantly, cromolyn may significantly reduce the need for topical corticosteroids.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis with topical cromolyn sodium. 2487 37

Osteoma cutis describes bone formation in skin and is well documented in the medical literature, but veterinary reports are few. We report a single case of a juvenile samoyed that was referred for assessment of a superior eyelid anomaly. Exploratory surgery and histopathology revealed the presence of mature, lamellar bone within the superior eyelid. The histologic appearance was consistent with primary osteoma cutis. The presence of the ossification within the deep dermis of the eyelid was associated with an abnormal conformation causing trichiasis, keratitis and dorsal strabismus. Identification of the osseous lesion during surgery and its removal was curative with no recurrence of disease during the 32 month follow-up period.
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PMID:Primary isolated osteoma cutis causing eyelid deformation and strabismus in a dog. 2639 78

Reactive arthritis is occasionally associated with conjunctivitis and uveitis, but rarely keratitis. The authors describe a patient with paracentral anterior stromal keratitis with overlying epithelial erosion and multiple satellite subepithelial infiltrates. The initial appearance and the severe pain were suggestive of an infectious process. Recovery was rapid following introduction of topical steroid, with features suggesting an immune process in the recovery phase. The authors suggest that a history of arthritis and/or recent enteritis should be sought in the work-up of an atypical keratitis with or without epithelial defect. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53:e61-e63.].
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016 Dec 08
PMID:Painful Acute Corneal Ulceration and Anterior Stromal Keratitis in an Adolescent With Reactive Arthritis. 2797 29

Myopia is an important public health issue, and high myopia may lead to severe complications if left untreated. Orthokeratology lenses, worn overnight to reshape the cornea, are one of many recent modalities used to slow down the progression of myopia in children. This treatment has been proven successful, as evidenced by decreased spherical refractive error and axial length relative to the control at interval follow-up ranging from 6 months to 5 years. In this systematic review, the authors collected published controlled studies that analyzed the efficacy of orthokeratology lens wear and calculated longitudinal relative changes in axial length, revealing a weighted average of -45.1% change in axial length at the 2-year follow-up. The exact mechanism by which orthokeratology lenses reduce myopia progression is unknown, but research shows that the corneal reshaping decreases peripheral hyperopic defocus and therefore increases peripheral myopic defocus to likely reduce stimuli for axial elongation and subsequent development of myopia. Use of orthokeratology lenses is generally safe, but cases of associated infectious keratitis may have a higher incidence of virulent organisms such as Pseudomonas, Acanthamoeba, and antibacterial-resistant strains of Staphylococcus, partially due to the required overnight use of these lenses. Orthokeratology is regarded as one of the most effective non-pharmacologic measures to slow progression of myopia in children and, with regular follow-up to ensure safety, continues to be one of the most effective treatments for myopia management around the world. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;54(3):142-148.].
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2017 May 01
PMID:Update on Orthokeratology in Managing Progressive Myopia in Children: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Concerns. 2809 97


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