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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report on 64 of the first 65 patients treated with iodine 125. The mean follow-up was 64.9 months. After treatment, 29 patients (45.3%) retained visual acuity of 20/100 or better, and 18 patients (28.1%) retained visual acuity within two lines of visual acuity before irradiation. Eleven patients (17.2%) died of metastasis, and 5 patients (7.8%) had local recurrence. Cataract developed in 29 (45.3%) patients; keratitis developed in only 2 (3.1%) patients, and dry eye developed in none. Neovascular glaucoma developed in 7 (10.9%) patients, and 15 (23.4%) patients had radiation retinopathy. Eleven patients (17.2%) required enucleation for either tumor growth or neovascular glaucoma. These results show the increasing number of radiation complications seen with long-term observation and the frequently seen adverse visual outcome.
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PMID:Long-term results of iodine 125 irradiation of uveal melanoma. 159 24

The conversion of Saul to Paul was a major event in the history of Western culture. Compared with its impact, any medical comments may seem redundant, but they have kept their place in the literature for many centuries. The flashing light that caused Saul to fall is often explained as solar retinopathy or keratitis, a seizure, or even a hysterical fit. These interpretations propose either a trivial injury or disease that would interfere with mental health. Neither version is quite compatible with the dramatic dimension of the event and with Paul's later achievements and sufferings. In later years, Paul became a great manager, preacher and writer who was able to carry on under any kind of duress, though not without very painful reactions. He was suffering from bouts of unilateral headache, and also from a chronic eye condition which gave great trouble to his followers but did not cause lasting damage; the descriptions fulfil the criteria for migraine without aura of the 1988 Headache Classification. If the flashing light that caused Paul to fall down is interpreted as a visual migraine aura, with the additional symptoms of "not seeing" or photophobia and anorexia, it falls into place with his later history of migraine.
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PMID:Headache classification and the Bible: Was St Paul's thorn in the flesh migraine? 755 4

The goal of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer is to destroy cancer cells and preserve functional surrounding normal cells. Although all radiation for pediatric cancers does not result in complications of the eye, acute and long-term radiation effects can occur after treatment. Acute radiation effects to the eye include erythema, epilation, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, iritis, and retinal edema. Long-term radiation effects include tissue necrosis, decreased tear production, telangiectasia, scleral melting, cataract, corneal neovascularization, radiation retinopathy, retarded bone growth (of bones within the irradiated field), and radiation-induced cancers. Nursing interventions and implications will be presented in conjunction with medical management for each of these acute and long-term effects.
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PMID:Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. 826 86

Diabetes is associated with many emergent ophthalmologic conditions. The management of patients with diabetes requires careful monitoring for visual symptoms and frequent physical examination for signs of retinopathy. Randomized studies have documented a significant reduction in the development of new retinopathy and the progression of existing retinopathy with tight control of diabetes. Photocoagulation laser therapy is helpful in preserving vision in severe nonproliferative retinopathy, for proliferative retinopathy, and for clinically significant macular edema. Vascular events include arterial and venous occlusions and cranial nerve palsies; important diagnostic clues are visual symptoms and the findings of ocular and neurologic examinations. Life-threatening infections associated with diabetes include endophthalmitis and mucormycosis, which require prompt diagnosis to prevent blindness or systemic infection. Herpes zoster infection, which is common in older patients and in patients with immunosuppression, may affect the trigeminal nerve and cause anterior uveitis and keratitis. Patients with zoster and skin vesicles on the face need emergent ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment because untreated ocular infection and inflammation may lead to scarring and synechiae formation in the anterior chamber, resulting in vision loss.
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PMID:Ophthalmologic emergencies in the patient with diabetes. 1114 64

The authors report a female patient case presenting anterior signs of Fuchs' Syndrome (iris heterochromic, keratitis precipitates) as well as signs of Eales' Disease (proliferative retinopathy, peri-vasculitis).
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PMID:[Fuchs's syndrome or Eales's disease ?]. 1177 Nov

This article analyzes various types of ocular disorders associated with the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) as well as the ocular risks of pregnancy in diabetic women. Numerous publications have described the secondary ophthalmologic effects of OCs since they have entered into widespread use. Such effects or complications are rare, nonspecific, occur after a short or long duration of use, and may be serious or minor. Among less serious reported effects are modifications of refraction or ocular tension, intolerance of contact lenses, keratitis, and alterations of color vision. Vascular complications are the most serious effect tentatively identified, but few prospective and comparative studies have been conducted to confirm the relationship. The role of OCs is assumed from observation of a few cases, and is disturbing because vascular accidents are rare in women under age 40. The vascular effects may include venous or arterial occlusion of the retina, isolated bleeding, retinal edema, vascular pseudo-papillitis, or visual problems resulting from transient cerebral ischemic accidents and ophthalmic migraines. Such effects may threaten the eyesight, but an American study recently found 82 cases among 10-15 million OC users. Occlusion of the main retinal artery usually results in loss of sight and functional recuperation is unusual. Spasm of the central retinal artery may precede occlusion and requires immediate ophthalmologic examination and discontinuation of OCs. Venous occlusion occurs less suddenly and involves a less extensive loss of sight. The prognosis depends on the affected area. Some effects, such as isolated retinal bleeding and vascular pseudo-papillitis, are reversed on termination of OC use. The risk of ocular vascular accidents is affected by smoking, irregular lipid and glucose metabolism, and hypertension. A history of vascular problems, visual problems, or migraines should be excluded before OCs are prescribed, and an initial ophthalmologic examination can explore retinal vascular anomalies and follow high risk patients with fluorescent angiography. Migraines should be considered a warning signal; if they appear premenstrually or persist despite use of low-dose pills, another method of contraception should be used. The considerable elevation of levels of estrogen and progesterone that occurs in pregnancy has no major ocular consequences for normal women but may cause or aggravate retinopathy in diabetic women. Few prospective studies have been done, but it appears that 80% of retinopathies that originate in pregnancy remain uncomplicated. Preexisting conditions are likely to become more serious. The most serious are associated with elevated rates of spontaneous abortion and neonatal complications. A diabetic woman desiring to have children should be advised to do so as early as possible and should be screened for retinal disease and treated before becomig pregnant.
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PMID:[The eye and hormones: vascular disorders associated with combined oral contraceptives and pregnancy]. 1228 Feb 1

To study the occurrence and incidence of different ocular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis a random cross-sectional study was carried out among 54 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were examined thoroughly to detect any ocular disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Complete ocular examination with special emphasis on anterior segment evaluation and tearfilm study was done. Two-thirds of the patients examined had some kind of visual problem at presentation. Three patients (5.55%) had marked dry eye with another 20 (37.03%) having borderline tear deficiency. Two cases ( 3.70% ) of episcleritis were also seen. No cases of scleritis or retinopathy were found. The most common ocular association with rheumatoid arthritis was secondary Sjogren's syndrome. Other conditions include episcleritis and marginal keratitis.
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PMID:Rheumatoid arthritis and ocular involvement. 1516 89

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious medical problem that causes long-term systemic complications and considerable associated morbidity. DM can cause retinopathy (DRP), maculopathy, cataract, optic neuropathy, defects of eye muscles. DM is a risk factor for acute infectious conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, herpes virus infections and endophtalmitis. Elevated blood glucose induces structural, physiological and hormonal changes which affect retinal capillaries. DRP is recognized by loss of pericyte function and capillary occlusions together leading to breakdown of blood-retinal barrier, edematous changes and proliferation of vessels and fibrous tissue. Depending on stage of DRP, there are different preferable therapeutic approaches applied. In the case of ETDRS, in the area of leakage focal treatment should be performed, while panretinal photocoagulation is applied towards ischemic areas or beginning proliferations. Vitreal haemorrhage followed by fibroproliferative changes or tractional retinal detachment is treated by vitrectomy alone or in combination with ILM peeling. In pathogenesis of DRP, Insulin Growth Factor (IGF-1) can play an important role in production of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor). Hypoxia can up-regulate VEGF expression levels leading to pathologic ocular neovascularisation. An application of intravitreal corticosteroid treatment modulates vascular permeability by suppressing the production of VEGF, reducing both extracellular matrix metalloproteinase activity and basic fibroblast growth factor, decreasing major histocompatibility complex 2 Ag expression levels, and inhibiting activity of inflammatory cells. Clinical effects of treatment using intravitreal corticosteroids are evaluated by reduction of macular thickness and visual improvement. Intravitreal use of Anti-VEGF drugs, Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab can modify vasoproliferation, trigger macular edema, and, therefore, influence a prognosis for visual loss.
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PMID:Eye disorders in diabetes: potential drug targets. 1853 2

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a primary or adjunctive therapy for a variety of medical disorders including some involving the eye. This paper is the first comprehensive review of HBOT for ocular indications. The authors recommend the following as ocular indications for HBOT: decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism with visual signs or symptoms, central retinal artery occlusion, ocular and periocular gas gangrene, cerebro-rhino-orbital mucormycosis, periocular necrotizing fasciitis, carbon monoxide poisoning with visual sequelae, radiation optic neuropathy, radiation or mitomycin C-induced scleral necrosis, and periorbital reconstructive surgery. Other ocular disorders that may benefit from HBOT include selected cases of ischemic optic neuropathy, ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion with central vision loss, ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion, cystoid macular edema associated with retinal venous occlusion, post-surgical inflammation, or intrinsic inflammatory disorders, periocular brown recluse spider envenomation, ocular quinine toxicity, Purtscher's retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, anterior segment ischemia, retinal detachment in sickle cell disease, refractory actinomycotiC lacrimal canaliculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum of the orbit and refractory pseudomonas keratitis. Visual function should be monitored as clinically indicated before, during, and after therapy when HBOT is undertaken to treat vision loss. Visual acuity alone is not an adequate measure of visual function to monitor the efficacy of HBOT in this setting. Ocular examinations should also include automated perimetry to evaluate the central 30 degrees of visual field at appropriate intervals. Interpretation of the literature on the efficacy of HBOT in treating ocular disorders is complicated by several factors: frequent failure to include visual field examination as an outcome measure, failure to adequately address the interval from symptom onset to initiation of HBOT, and lack of evidence for optimal treatment regimens for essentially all ocular indications. Because some ocular disorders require rapid administration of HBOT to restore vision, patients with acute vision loss should be considered emergent when they present. Visual acuity should be checked immediately, including vision with pinhole correction. If the patient meets the criteria for emergent HBOT outlined in the paper, normobaric oxygen should be started at the highest inspired oxygen fraction possible until arrangements can be made for HBOT.
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PMID:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the eye. 1902 63

In this paper, we review sexually transmitted diseases (STD) involving the eye. Recently conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis in children and adults is increasing, and that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to multiple antibiotics has attracted special attention in our country. Syphilis has many ocular manifestations such as keratitis, iridocyclitis, retinochorioiditis, and neuritis, etc. Ocular complications related to HIV infection, including HIV retinopathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, zoster ophthalmics, and Kaposi s sarcoma in conjunctiva are increasing in Japan. Phthirus pubis infection of the eye lid, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated uveitis are occasionally reported. Furthermore conjunctival tumor associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, acute retinal necrosis(ARN) due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), as well as hepatitis B virus (HVB) and hepatitis C virus (HVC) retinopathy are also mentioned in this review.
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PMID:[STD in the eye]. 1917 59


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