Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1969-1974 1000 unselected enucleated globes have been examined histopathologically. 277 derive from the University Eye Hospital in Hamburg, 723 from various Eye Hospitals in northern and southern Germany. They originate from 589 men and 408 women, three times the sex was unknown. 86 globes had to be removed from children less than 15 years old. 6 groups of etiologies have been distinguished: trauma (308), histologically confirmed neoplastic disease (281), ocular manifestations of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, occlusions of central retinal vessels presumably following generalized vascular disease etc.: 128), "operative ocular disease" (164), primary inflammatory disease (71), miscellaneous (malformations, high myopia, pseudo-glioma and pseudo-melanoma: 48). The etiology "operative ocular disease" consists of 67 primary glaucomas (57 adults, 10 buphthalmus), 41 idiopathic cataracts (7 of these congenital) and 3 primary corneal dystrophies, as well as 53 cases of primary retinal detachment. Among the 281 neoplastic diseases, there are 238 primary intraocular malignant melanomas of the uvea, 18 retinoblastomas, 4 primary reticulumcellsarcomas of the retina, 2 choroidal nevi, 10 intraocular metastases and 9 orbital tumors. 16 enucleations among the 1000 enucleations have been performed for pseudo-gliomas (5 x Coats disease, 5 x persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous, 2 x retrolental fibroplasia, others 4 x). The manifestations of systemic disease are consisting of 68 central retinal vein-occlusions, 30 complications of diabetes mellitus and 10 central retinal artery occlusions as well as 20 other generalized diseases. A primary inflammatory disease led to enucleation 50 times due to an intraocular process, 5 times due to scleritis and 18 times as a consequence of keratitis (including 13 times herpes simplex). As the final clinical cause for enucleation the following categories have been elaborated: secondary glaucomas (416), clinical diagnosis of "tumor" (275), atrophy and phthisis bulbi (118), inflammation (112), acute trauma to 4 weeks after the accident (72), others (7). In conclusion the central role of rubeosis iridis leading to secondary angle closure glaucoma is emphasized. This process presents a challenge to ophthalmologic research. Finally the significance of early surgery for primary angle closure glaucomas and for complete restoration of the anterior chamber after trauma and any intraocular procedure is stressed.
 ...
PMID:[Etiology and final clinical cause for 1000 enucleations. (A clinico-pathologic study) (author's transl)]. 95 59

The excimer laser has a wavelength of 193 nm and has been used mainly to achieve refractive changes in the cornea. We treated certain corneal and scleral diseases with this laser: a malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva involving superficial scleral and limbal layers (1 eye), primary pterygia (19 eyes), recurrent erosion (45 eyes), persistent epithelial defect after keratoplasty (1 eye), and herpetic keratitis (6 eyes). The disease, treatment procedure, and its success rate are described in selected cases.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of corneal and scleral diseases with the excimer laser. A preliminary report of experiences]. 235 64

Interferons (IFN) are potent antiviral, cytostatic-cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents. Although gene technology has made available an unlimited supply of all different kinds and types of IFN, their basic modes of action have not been clarified up to now. The therapeutic effects proven differ gradually between the individual disease entities. They comprise prophylaxis, prevention of recurrences and direct therapeutic effect, either of reducing the actual disease symptoms, or of inducing a complete recovery. For the following viral diseases a positive therapeutic effect has been shown: infections by herpes-viruses (herpes simplex keratitis , herpes zoster, herpes simplex), cytomegalovirus infections, chronic-hepatitis B virus infection, acute respiratory virus infections by rhino-, corona- and influenza viruses. Especially for the group of virus-associated tumors and papillomas, IFN is considered to be therapeutically effective. IFN has been accepted to be the first line treatment for laryngeal papillomatosis. In condylomata acuminata too, IFN is a potent therapeutic agent. Moreover, IFN represents the most effective therapeutic modality for Kaposi's sarcoma in patient with AIDS. Hairy cell leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma and hypernephroma are the malignancies, for which a therapeutic effect of IFN could be proven. Furthermore, IFN is considered to be the therapy of first choice for hairy cell leukemias. Although there are some signs, that IFN could be a potent agent for adjuvant therapy, this question can not be answered - not even on principle - because of lacking sufficient data so far. Up to date, the therapeutic efficacy of IFN seems to be established only for hairy cell leukemia, laryngeal papillomatosis, Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS and partly for condylomata acuminata. For all other indications, first of all, sufficient phase-II-study data will have to be evaluated, before prospectively controlled studies, comparing the IFN treatment results with placebo and standard therapy results, can be initiated for the individual disease entities. Then, it will be possible to assess the therapeutic efficacy of IFN. Already now, IFN represent a valuable enrichment of the therapeutic modalities for malignancies and viral diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Current status of interferon therapy]. 242 97

An 11-year-old cat with an intraocular melanoma was treated for 2 years for the secondary effects of the tumor (glaucoma, exposure keratitis) before enucleation was required. One year after enucleation, the cat was examined because of labored breathing. The cat was thin, appeared depressed, and had signs of respiratory compromise secondary to pleural effusion. Treatment was not instituted, and the cat was euthanatized. Metastasis of the primary melanoma to the lungs, pericardium, parietal pleura, mediastinum, hilar lymph nodes, diaphragm, liver, and omentum was confirmed at necropsy. Intraocular melanomas in the cat have been implicated to have a greater malignant potential than those in the dog; however, few cases have been reported with long-term follow-up information.
 ...
PMID:Intraocular melanoma with multiple metastases in a cat. 334 89

A 37-year-old white man with a long history of recurrent herpetic keratitis presented with a rapidly enlarging pigmented iris lesion. The primary diagnostic concern was that the lesion might be a malignant melanoma. A biopsy of the mass was done and proved it to be a granuloma with granulomatous arteritis and infarction of the iris. In a patient with a history of recurrent ocular inflammation, such a hypersensitivity granuloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of iris melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomelanoma of the iris in herpes simplex keratoiritis. 380 14

Clinical trials of the antiviral action of interferon have shown an effect on the replication of several viruses including varicella zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B. These studies indicate that administration early in the course of infection, or in some clinical circumstances, prophylactic administration, is likely to result in viral inhibition. The studies of interferon efficacy in topical application, as in prevention of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, have shown limited efficacy except with very high doses. These studies are being pursued with more concentrated preparations of interferon. The evaluation of interferon in human malignancy is just beginning, but some encouraging results have been obtained in open trials of the drug in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and other diseases. With newer methods for the production of interferon, it may be possible to evaluate its antiviral and anti-tumor effects in carefully controlled studies with larger numbers of subjects.
 ...
PMID:Interferon as an antiviral and anti-tumor therapeutic agent. 616 51

Solar UVB radiation is prejudicial to the health of humans in a number of ways. Erythema and photodermatoses are acute reactions of the skin; keratitis and conjunctivitis are acute reactions of the eye. Various types of skin cancer, accelerated aging of the skin, and cataract formation in the crystalline lens are reactions that appear with great latency. UV radiation can also cause damage to the immune system and DNA. For the period 1981-1991, an increase in erythemal effective UVB radiation of +(7 +/- 4)% per decade was measured in a non-polluted high mountain area (Jungfraujoch, 3576 m a.s.l., Switzerland). This increase is related to a decrease in stratospheric ozone. The effects on human health are discussed. A 10% ozone reduction increases non-melanoma skin cancer by 26% and cataract by 6 to 8%.
 ...
PMID:Biological effectiveness of solar UV radiation in humans. 840 96

Information on possible human health-changes associated with stratosphere ozone depletion and amplification factor (% increase of the stick rate by 1% decrease of ozone) values for acute (erythema, keratitis, cataract, immunosuppression) and chronic (skin cancer, cataract) effects of natural UV-radiation was analysed. Amplification factor (AF) values for acute UV-effects increase with degree of ozone depletion. For degrees less than 12.5% they are independent of latitude and equal to 1.9 for erythema, 1.3-1.5 for keratitis, 1.7-2.3 for cataract and 0.9-1.1 for immunosuppression. AF values for incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer are independent of age, higher in males than females, and higher for squamous cell carcinoma, than for basal cell carcinoma. Their optimal estimations for whites equal to 2.7 for basal cell and 4.6 for squamous cell carcinoma. AF values for incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma range between 1 and 2, for melanoma mortality--between 0.3 and 2. AF values for incidence of cataract range between 0.3 and 1.2 with optimal estimations between 0.6 and 0.8. Prognosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and cataract incidences, melanoma mortality and economic loss for different scenarios of stratosphere ozone depletion are presented.
 ...
PMID:[Biomedical and economic consequences of stratosphere ozone depletion]. 963 27

Uveal melanoma has traditionally been treated with enucleation, plaque brachytherapy, or external beam radiation. Following the results of the multicenter Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS), which established no significant difference in mortality rates between enucleation and brachytherapy, plaque brachytherapy has become the favoured modality given its potential for preservation of vision and the eye. Among the radioisotopes that have been used, iodine-125 (I-125) has become the increasingly popular choice in the United States. However, I-125 brachytherapy is associated with complications, including keratitis, iris neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma, radiation retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of complications related to I-125 plaque brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Ocular complications following I-125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. 1926 65

Mascara, a widely used cosmetic, is associated with eye pathology. The authors report 3 cases of eye problems secondary to long-term mascara use. Two patients had multiple pigmented conjunctival lesions; one of these had a history of melanoma of the hand. Conjunctival biopsy revealed nonmelanocytic pigment granules within conjunctival stroma cells in both cases. The other patient had a history of dry eye, and also showed pigment clumping around a punctal plug. The third patient had canalicular obstruction from a mascara-laden dacryolith ("dacryomascaralith"), the first such case reported. A literature review revealed cases of eyelid dermatitis, infectious keratitis, a conjunctival mass ("mascaroma"), and others. Ophthalmologists should be aware of mascara's associated eye problems. The physical findings combined with a high index of suspicion, especially in cases of heavy mascara use, may allow for an accurate diagnosis and spare the patient an otherwise unnecessary invasive procedure.
 ...
PMID:Ocular manifestations of long-term mascara use. 1961 8


1