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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the old (1970) and new (1988) World Health Organization schemes for classifying the ocular disabilities in leprosy patients. 509 leprosy patients from eight resettlement villages in central South Korea were examined and graded by eye according to both of the schemes. A more liberal definition of severely disabled in 1988 resulted in a 119% increase in eyes graded as severely disabled in this population. 59 eyes were graded as severely disabled by the old scheme and 129 eyes were so graded according to the new scheme. Keratitis, one of three measures of moderate disability in the old scheme, was replaced by corneal anaesthesia in the new scheme, but this change did not make a substantial difference in the number of patients in the moderately impaired category. In the absence of longitudinal studies documenting the significance of keratitis, it is unclear whether the change in an improvement. The new disability scheme improved upon the old by removing the criteria for mild impairment.
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PMID:Comparison of the old and new W.H.O. leprosy disability grading scheme for ocular disabilities. 174 62

Forty-eight leprosy patients in The Netherlands were re-examined 10 years after initial examination. Forty-six of these patients had received a course of multidrug therapy (MDT), according to the World Health Organization recommendation, at the time of their initial examination. Two patients had burned-out disease and had been merely under observation. Out of 40 patients, who initially did not show eye complications due to leprosy, 37 patients were essentially the same 10 years later. The eyes had changed in 3 multibacillary patients: 1 patient had developed a late type 1 reaction with facial nerve involvement and lagophthalmos; 2 patients had undergone intra-ocular surgery for cataract and acute glaucoma, respectively. Out of 8 patients with pre-existing eye involvement, 1 patient recovered and the lesions in 2 patients remained unaltered. One patient showed progression of pre-existing exposure keratitis. Four patients had undergone cataract extractions; all four patients were lepromatous, with a long history of disease and signs of iris involvement at the first examination. The main progressive lesions were cataracts in lepromatous patients.
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PMID:Progression of eye lesions in leprosy: ten-year follow-up study in The Netherlands. 189 Mar 62

Leprosy is the world's third leading cause of blindness. Mechanisms of ocular infection include direct or hematogenous invasion of the globe, or involvement of branches of the facial or corneal nerves, contributing to exposure keratitis. Lesions of ocular leprosy can be classified as potentially sight threatening or academic. A review of the world's literature showed no geographic or climactic trends in disease course. Leprosy in humans is contrasted with experimental disease in animal models; early experimental disease may be primarily neurally mediated rather than hematogenously mediated as previously thought.
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PMID:Ocular lesions in leprosy. 195 39

Corneal blindnesses make up a main public health problem in numerous developing countries where they constitute a sign of low sanitary level. The main diseases which cause corneal blindnesses are: Trachoma. Xerophthalmia. Measles. Corneal ulcerations and keratitis. Onchocercosis. Neonatorum ophthalmia. Leprosy. Injuries. Some therapeutic practices. Epidemiological analysis leads to the definition of risk groups: Small children. Isolated rural communities. Unhealthy urban communities. Out of place populations. Under-fed populations. Only a joint prevention can be able to fight against this social, economic, a human plague constituted by corneal blindnesses. Simple prevention measures which are often not very expensive, showed their efficiency. They are as follows: Individual and collective hygiene measures. Improvement of alimentary conditions. Earliness and quickness in ocular care. Vaccination against measles. Improvement of the care to mother and child. Sanitary education for prevention. These prevention tasks are supported by the health workers who are spread out inside the population. Their formation, the means they are granted with constitute a main priority which has to be taken into account in the choices and the decisions to be made in order to fight against blindness linked with cornea opacification with efficacy.
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PMID:Corneal blindnesses in tropical environment. 213 84

Corneal affections cause severe ocular morbidity in leprosy. Poor nutrition and low socio-economic status make the eyes prone to repeated secondary infections which makes the pattern of corneal disease in this country different from that reported in western literature. A study of 250 patients shows that leprotic keratopathy has 4 different patterns. Primary leprous keratitis was seen in 56.5% of cases, while secondary leprous keratitis (groups B, C & D) constituted 57.7%. In the latter group the ocular morbidity could be prevented by controlling infection and prevention of concomitant diseases. Cases of lepromatous leprosy showed a consistently higher incidence of different types of corneal involvement than tuberculoid cases.
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PMID:Leprotic keratopathy in India. 221 33

We retrospectively analyzed 255 Hansen's disease patients and found low intraocular pressure (less than 7 mm Hg) in 12% of them. We showed a correlation between low intraocular pressure and avascular keratitis and iritis. We also found that patients with low intraocular pressures had abnormally large postural changes in intraocular pressure. We speculate that abnormalities in the autonomic innervation of the anterior segment of the eye may be related to the intraocular pressure abnormalities. Further investigations along this line may increase our understanding not only of the pathophysiology of Hansen's disease but also of the mechanisms regulating homeostasis of intraocular pressure.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure and iris denervation in Hansen's disease. 231 87

A study of ocular changes in reactions in leprosy was undertaken to assign these changes, their proper place in the wide spectrum of ocular morbidity in leprosy. 76.1% of eyes of Type I reaction and 89.7% of eyes with Type II reaction showed some ocular involvement. Corneal hypoaesthesia, superficial punctate keratitis, a decrease of corneal film break up time (BUT), prominent corneal nerves, pigment on the endothelium of the cornea and a pigmented trabecular meshwork were the common ocular findings. The incidence of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions was low (8.1%). The significance of the ocular involvement in reactions in leprosy and the pathogenesis of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions is discussed.
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PMID:Ocular changes in reactions in leprosy. 237 25

A total of 380 leprosy patients were studied in four different leprosy hospitals. The involvement of eye was found in 18.95% of cases in which 10.97% in lepromatous leprosy and 8.16% in non-lepromatous leprosy cases. In total cases studied 52.63% were of lepromatous leprosy and 47.37% of non lepromatous leprosy cases. Among them 11.05% were males and 18.95% were females. In 72 cases of ocular involvement, males constituted 80.56% and females 19.44% of cases. Maximum cases (52.78%) of ocular involvement were in leprosy patient with 5 to 10 years of duration. Blindness among the total leprosy patients studied was 1.84% which was mainly due to corneal opacity following exposure keratitis and ulceration, iridocyclitis and its complications.
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PMID:A study of ocular complications in leprosy. 654 93

A clinical examination of 199 leprosy patients in Kenya showed that 62.5% had abnormal ocular findings, 51.2% of which were leprosy related. The potentially blinding lesions were uveitis, keratitis and lagophthalmos and these were found in 22.1% of the patients. 6 Patients (3%) had a visual acuity of less than 3/60 in the better eye and were classified blind. In all, there were 31 blind eyes of which only 12 had leprosy related causes. 10 of these (83%) belonged to lepromatous patients and 2 (17%) to tuberculoid patients. All the 10 eyes of the lepromatous patients were blind due to uveitis. It was shown that lepromatous leprosy patients are at a greater risk of leprosy related blindness especially from uveitis. The socio-psychological and economic implications of leprosy are discussed. Practical recommendations for the primary eye care of the leprosy patient are suggested.
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PMID:Ocular leprosy in Africa. 664 92

In an Egyptian leprosy hospital, 17% of 133 patients had a visual acuity of less than 3/60. Corneal opacity, phthisis bulbi, and cataract accounted for 85% of blindness. Leprosy and trachoma together produce blinding corneal opacity by exposure, leprous keratitis, and trichiasis and entropion. Inturned lids, a late result of conjunctival scarring due to childhood trachoma, were less frequent in patients with lepromatous leprosy than in patients with tuberculoid leprosy; because conjunctival scarring from trachoma depends on cell-mediated immunity, patients with lepromatous leprosy may not have had severe trachomatous scarring develop due to their lifelong abnormality in cellular immunity. In patients with leprosy, even when complicated by trachoma, simple measures to prevent or restore vision include medical treatment of leprosy, surgical correction of lid deformities, sector iridectomy for constricted pupils or central corneal opacities, and cataract extraction.
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PMID:Leprosy in a trachomatous population. 669 69


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