Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evaluation of the results of HLA typing of 187 patients grouped into herpetic keratitis (37), non-herpetic keratitis (43), keratoconus (42), endothelial dystrophy (23), stromal dystrophy (13), lues (5), and injuries (24), failed to show convincing deviations in any of the groups from a normal control series (2900 persons). Yet, as for the herpes group, a rise in B5 must strongly be suspected. The data are presented and possible implications are discussed.
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PMID:HLA types in corneal diseases. 9 40

Besides EDTA and cysteine, cystine and penicillamine are the best collagenase inhibitors. The collagenase is produced by the leucocytes. The action mechanism of the collagenase inhibitors is due to the chelation of Zn ions. The best clinical indications for collagenase inhibitors are punctate epithelial keratitis, chemical burns, recurrent corneal erosions in keratoconus, trophic postinfectious ulcerations of the cornea (metaherpetic ulcers), and descemetoceles.
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PMID:The Seventh Frederick H. Verhoeff Lecture. Collagenase and collagenase inhibitors. 20 98

A 45-year-old man died of Hogdkin's disease complicated by peritonitis and possible septicemia. His corneas were used for transplant in a 26-year-old man with advanced keratoconus and a 42-year-old man with vascularized central leukoma of old herpetic keratitis. Both recipients developed a fulminating endophthalmitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We believe that the donor corneas, although clinically normal, were heavily infected, with signs of inflammation possibly suppressed by the Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Transfer of bacterial infections by donor cornea in penetrating keratoplasty. 37 48

In 172 patients the thickness of the corneal graft was followed with frequent measurements during the first 14 days after operation. Three different graft thickness time courses were observed. Patients with keratitis, stromal dystrophy and corrosion or mechanical lesion showed a secondary rise in graft thickness on the 6th postoperative day, while patients with keratoconus and those treated with tranexamic acid showed no rise on the 6th day. Patients with Fuchs' dystrophy differed from the other groups in not reaching the maximal thickness until the 3rd postoperative day. The possible correlation of these three time courses with changes in the fibrinolytic system is discussed.
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PMID:Early postoperative changes in graft thickness after penetrating keratoplasty. Influence of host corneal disorder on time course. 37 1

A series of 222 cases of 7 mm penetrating corneal grafts were analysed with respect to the influence of HLA compatibility. The degree of compatibility was random as no matching was done (HLA types unknown at time of operation). Consequently, most of the cases showed 3 or 4 incompatibilities. The series was divided into seven diagnostic groups (keratoconus, herpetic keratitis, non-herpetic keratitis, stromal dystrophy, endothelial dystrophy, mechanical lesion and corrosion). In all groups there was a tendency towards better results among the compatible transplantation, but only when considering the entire series could statistical significance be demonstrated. The groups of 0--2 incompatibilities showed fewer rejection episodes or opaque grafts than the groups of 3 or 4 incompatibilities (chi 2 = 9.20, P less than 0.005). Comparing only the frequency of opaque grafts among the two groups the correlation was less significant (chi 2 = 3.66, P similar to 0.05).
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PMID:Corneal transplantation and HLA histocompatibility. A preliminary communication. 39 56

To study the vascular changes in inflammatory diseases of the cornea 22 patients with various corneal inflammations were examined by means of anterior segment fluorescein angiography. Simple avascular central and marginal corneal ulcers stained with fluorescein in the late phase of angiography. An inflamed limbus and an early microscopic pannus adjacent to the ulcer were seeen in simple corneal ulcers. Progressive pannus with pronounced fluorescein leakage was observed in chronic corneal ulcer, disciform keratitis, Mooren's ulcer, and complicated acute keratoconus. In sclerokeratouveitis and in gutter associated with rheumatoid arthritis the corneal vessels showed less leakage. The iris vessels showed fluorescein leakage as a sign of irritative iritis during the active stage of simple and chronic corneal ulcers, in disciform keratitis, Mooren's ulcer, and in graft rejection. It is concluded that anterior segment fluorescein angiography gives valuable information of the vascular architecture, flow and leakage in inflammatory diseases of the cornea.
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PMID:Anterior segment fluorescein angiography in inflammatory diseases of the cornea. 39 57

The surface morphology of 108 corneal buttons obtained at keratoplasty showed specific patterns for each disease process. The surface over a traumatically scarred cornea was identical to that of undamaged sites, showing microvilli and microplicae in various numbers and combinations. Keratoconus specimens showed many dark cells, frequently noted to have surface blebs 0.25 to 3 micrometer in size over the entire cone in the nipple type, and in a broad basal band inside the cone or over the entire button in the sagging-cone type. Some blebs contained cytoplasm and 250 A glycogen-like granules. In larger, dark cells, holes were found in the blebs and the plasma membrane was degenerated. Corneal epithelial edema was manifested by a large irregular surface caused by the anterior bulge of edematous cells, many attached by only a small area, and variable-sized depressions, often the size of epithelial cells. More than a year after stromal scarring from herpetic keratitis, many epithelial cells lay loosely on the surface whereas other epithelial cells were edematous and partially detached from the surface cell sheet. Localized heaping of rounded epithelial and inflammatory cells persisted in some areas.
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PMID:The normal and abnormal human corneal epithelial surface: a scanning electron microscope study. 87 22

The introduction of the hydrophilic contact lens has been a significant advance in ophthalmology for the correction of ametropia, as well as for the therapy of corneal disease. The number of potential contact lens candidates has been greatly expanded by the introduction of both spin-cast and lathe-cut lenses composed of a variety of individual hydrophilic polymers. Myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, aphakia and moderate astigmatism can be corrected with a reasonable degree of success with the present lenses. Even in keratoconus hydrophilic lenses offer a nonsurgical alternative, especially when combined with spectacle overcorrection. The introduction of hydrophilic bandages in the treatment of corneal disease has been an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of the ophthalmologist. When properly applied, these lenses can provide subjective relief of pain while serving to protect the damaged cornea from the traumatic action of the lids and desiccating effects of the atmosphere. The hydrophilic material is permeable to many topically instilled medications and tends to prolong the contact time of the drugs with the corneal surface. Proper fitting of the bandage lenses can eliminate superficial corneal irregularities and, thus, improve the visual acuity while treatment progresses. Medical indications for the use of this therapy include bullous keratopathy, dry eye syndromes, chemical burns, exposure keratitis, and neurotropic keratitis. A number of recurrent erosions and ulcerations have also responded to this form of therapy. Surgical indications include lacerations, postoperative lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty, and keratectomies. One of the most promising applications concerns their use in the postoperative management of alkaline burns. Best results have been obtained by constant wear of the bandage lens, with topical administration of steroids, antibiotics, and saline solution (hypotonic or hypertonic) as indicated. The possible deleterious effects of standard ocular medication containing preservatives has been overstated. Patients receiving medications without preservatives must be placed on prophylactic antibiotics to avoid secondary infection. In many cases, the therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the diameter and curvature of the bandage lens as well as the inherent physical properties of the polymers. With meticulous fitting and close observation complications have been minimal. In many instances the results have been dramatic, but even if unsuccessful the method provides a safe and relatively simple nonsurgical alternative in the treatment of severe corneal disease. Just as with older modalities, the ultimate success or failure depends upon the intrinsic nature of the disease process as well as reasonable therapeutic application based on a knowledge of the mechanics involved.
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PMID:New aspects of contact lenses in ophthalmology. 95 43

Microbial keratitis, the most serious complication of contact lens wear, is most frequently associated with soft contact lenses. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens wearers are less often affected. Increased use of high-Dk RGP lenses could reduce the number of cases of microbial keratitis. In Europe, aspheric high-Dk RGP lenses are very popular. This article presents practical guidelines for computer-aided fitting of aspheric RGP lenses. Base curve selection using the keratometer to determine the corneal topography is described. This method, which is inexpensive and time-saving, is suitable for fitting cosmetic contact lenses or lenses used in treating such corneal pathology as keratoconus.
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PMID:A European fitting philosophy for aspheric, high-Dk RGP contact lenses. 142 57

Compensatory hyperplasia of the corneal epithelium (CEH) has been observed histopathologically in animal and human eyes after excimer laser photoablative keratectomy, and has been implicated as a cause of variable refractive results and refractive regression after this procedure. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of routine keratoplasty specimens revealed CEH in 85 of 130 (65%) corneas with keratoconus, 18 of 36 (50%) corneas with chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, and 14 of 25 (56%) corneas coded as nonspecific scars. Mild CEH occurred apically and/or peripherally in keratoconus. Massive CEH (up to 200 microns thick) occurred in chronic HSV keratitis with irregular stromal loss. Our data indicate that CEH occurs frequently in several corneal diseases marked by stromal ectasia or loss. We postulate that stromal loss may contribute to CEH by providing relative protection against exfoliative shearing forces of superior eyelid closure. Our study complements previous reports that imply that CEH is a contributory factor in refractive regression after excimer laser photoablation.
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PMID:Compensatory epithelial hyperplasia in human corneal disease. 148 63


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