Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Manchineel tree is an evergreen widely distributed in tropical regions. The toxic nature of Manchineel has been known since the early sixteenth century. Contact with its milky sap (latex) produces bullous dermatitis and acute keratoconjunctivitis. We identified 19 patients who had ocular injuries caused by Manchineel between 1985 and 1990 and were able to review 12. All of these patients had been treated by lavage, cycloplegia, and topical antibiotics. Of 20 episodes of exposure 14 affected both eyes. The cornea was damaged in 16 episodes, the extent varying from large corneal epithelial defects to superficial punctate keratitis. The epithelial changes had resolved in a mean period of 3.75 days (range 1 to 14 days). Two episodes caused stromal infiltration to appear and in one of these a stromal opacity remained 5 years later. The final visual acuity was 6/9 or better in all eyes except in one patient who had visual impairment because of glaucoma. Our results suggest that despite the severity of the acute reaction, the long term visual prognosis is excellent in Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis. The historical and toxicological literature on Manchineel is reviewed.
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PMID:Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis. 831 64

We present three cases of acne rosacea keratitis that developed in childhood. All three children were prepubescent and demonstrated characteristic dermatologic findings involving the nose, cheeks, and/or chin. The patients had complained of ocular irritation for at least 6 months, and in one case symptoms were reported by the family to have occurred intermittently since age 4 years. All three children showed evidence of meibomian gland inflammation; two patients demonstrated bilateral keratitis, the third had only unilateral involvement. In each case, oral tetracycline hydrochloride or doxycycline hyclate was necessary to relieve symptoms. Rosacea keratitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic keratoconjunctivitis during childhood.
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PMID:Acne rosacea with keratitis in childhood. 843 Nov 60

External ocular disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can often be overlooked by the eye care practitioner. Different types of external ocular disease can be an indication of the patient's overall immune status as well as the stage of HIV infection. The external ocular sequelae of HIV infection can be of visual consequence for the patient. Eye care practitioners need to become familiar with these conditions. The diagnosis and management of the following ocular conditions associated with HIV infection are reviewed: conjunctival microvascular disease, dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis, microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, herpes simplex keratitis, molluscum contagiosum, fungal keratitis, bacterial keratoconjunctivitis, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).
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PMID:Review of external ocular disease associated with aids and HIV infection. 872 88

Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 7 horses at The Ohio State University between 1976 and 1994. All horses had moderate-to-severe blepharospasm, chemosis, and conjunctival hyperemia; epiphora; and extensive yellow-to-white caseous mucoid discharge. Corneal ulcers associated with this disease were perilimbal and extended centrally. All ulcers were covered with a white necrotic plaque firmly attached to the underlying cornea. Other ophthalmic abnormalities were not detected. Corneal scrapings examined cytologically contained numerous eosinophils interspersed between epithelial cells, few mast cells, and neutrophils. Microbial organism were not seen. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative for ocular pathogens. The initial diagnosis of eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis was made on the basis of clinical and cytologic findings. In 5 horses, the condition completely resolved after topical treatment with corticosteroid (0.05% dexamethasone) and triple antibiotic ointments. However, the duration of treatment was prolonged, with a mean treatment time of 64 days (range, 45 to 106 days). All corneal ulcers remained superficial, and despite the prolonged duration of treatment, none of the horses developed secondary bacterial or fungal keratitis. One horse underwent superficial keratectomy and had the shortest resolution time (14 days).
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PMID:Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in seven horses. 883 52

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in low concentrations exerted an antiherpetic effect with a good therapeutic result in rabbits with experimental keratoconjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) (experimental group). In group 2 (control) 0.9% NaCl solution was used as placebo. The animals were infected by instillation of HSV-1 on the cornea predissected with a bifurcation needle. The severity of keratitis was assessed in scores after A. A. Kasparov et al. PABA and placebo were administered starting from day 3 postinfection as subconjunctival injections and then instillations. In experimental group (5 rabbits, 10 eyes) the degree of keratitis reduced from 3.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.1 points within the first 4 days. Complete epithelialization was over by day 4.4 +/- 0.4, clinical cure was attained by days 12-13. In control group (6 rabbits, 12 eyes) erosion of the cornea and severity of keratitis increased from 2.9 +/- 0.07 to 3.8 +/- 0.2 points by day 4 postinoculation after placebo was started, after which it reduced; epithelialization was over by day 8.2 +/- 0.3, clinical cure by days 13-14. Infective titer in the cornea was determined in VERO cell culture from the degree of virus-induced cytopathogenic effect and expressed in lgTCE50. On day 13 this parameter was reliably higher in the control group in comparison with the experimental (3.2 vs. 1.8), this confirming the virucidal effect of PABA.
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PMID:[Para-aminobenzoic acid in therapy of experimental keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus in rabbits: the therapeutic effect and decrease of infectious titer]. 901 7

Viruses are the major infectious agents causing conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Two antigenic types, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), can be recognized in which numerous genomic variants or genotypes have been described. HSV-1 infection is one of the major causes of blindness. Different strains can induce different types of ocular lesions. Twelve patients with acute herpetic epithelial keratitis were studied by monoclonal antibodies and restriction enzymes, and nine different HSV-1 genomic variants were identified. This study confirms that a variety of HSV-1 strains is associated to this kind of infection.
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PMID:Genomic polymorphism in herpes simplex virus keratitis. 910 85

Stable eye drops of 5% carnosine have been developed. Trials of the drug on mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs showed it to be well tolerated at both total and local levels. In animals the eye drops did not affect the diameter of the pupil, nor did they increase the intraocular pressure. Clinical trials were carried out in 109 patients. Carnosine eye drops exerted a good therapeutic effect in corneal erosion, trophic keratitis, postherpetic epitheliopathy, primary and secondary corneal dystrophy, and bullous keratopathy. Used in combined treatment, the eye drops accelerated healing of corneal ulcers in herpesvirus and bacterial infection or dry keratoconjunctivitis. The Pharmacological Committee of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation permitted 5% carnosine eye drops for medical use.
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PMID:[Development of carnosine eyedrops and assessing their efficacy in corneal diseases]. 948 97

Ophthalmologist with a 4-year history (1993-1997) of practice at the Russian Red Cross Hospital in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) shares his experience. More than 30,000 patients were examined and treated. Interesting cases are described: cytomegalovirus retinitis in the presence of AIDS, AIDS-associated involvement of the eyes (uveitis, keratitis, Kaposi's sarcoma), herpes zoster involvement of the eyes, phlyctenar keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, trachoma, diseases of the eyes concomitant with syphilis, a case with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Clinical course and therapy of these diseases under local conditions are described.
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PMID:[Features of the course and treatment of several eye diseases in Eastern Africa]. 972 Apr

New drug lodoxamine (alomide) opens new vistas in the treatment of allergic diseases of the eyes highly prevalent both in adults and children. This drug prevents release of mast cell mediators and delays eosinophil migration to conjunctival and corneal tissue, thus exerting a spectrum of antiallergic effects. Clinical studies carried out in 170 patients demonstrated a high efficacy of alomide in the treatment of subacute and chronic pollenosis conjunctivitis, spring keratoconjunctivitis, multiple and toxic allergic keratitis, and other allergic conjunctivities. Alomide can be used as a preventive drug in patients with allergies under high-risk conditions and in patients wearing contact lenses. It is effective in combined therapy of keratitis and keratouveitis. Alomide eye drops are well tolerated.
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PMID:[Alomide eyedrops in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis]. 977 Oct 90

The specific morphology and distribution of corneal surface lesions may point toward a specific diagnosis and pathogenesis in individual cases (see Fig 1). Staining lesions may be fine (e.g., staphylococcal) or punctate (e.g., keratitis sicca). The size and appearance of staining and nonstaining lesions of the epithelium and subepithelial cornea may be characteristic for a particular disease process (e.g., HSV, EKC). Finally, the location of lesions is important. Inferior staining (staphylococcal disease, lagophthalmos) will be incited by a different cause as compared to superior (molluscum, trachoma, vernal keratoconjunctivitis) and peripheral (contact lens-induced, collagen vascular disease) staining patterns. Central lesions are more likely to indicate tear deficiency, superficial corneal dystrophies, viral infections, or metabolic conditions. Knowledge of these patterns of disease can allow accurate diagnosis and more expedient and successful treatment of corneal surface disease.
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PMID:Corneal surface disease topology. 1008 21


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