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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis and optimal management of herpes simplex stromal keratitis can be problematic. Clinical features that should be evaluated include the status of the epithelium and the location and type of stromal inflammation. Two principal forms are recognized: nonnecrotizing, or disciform, keratitis and necrotizing keratitis. Both types may coexist and are sometimes accompanied by iridocyclitis and secondary ocular hypertension. Laboratory evaluation is not usually performed, although, lacking a prior history of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis, testing should be considered to seek another cause of stromal inflammation. A topical steroid is generally contraindicated in the presence of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis and has been implicated in prolonging the course of herpetic eye disease. However, judicious topical steroid therapy can be beneficial when used with protective antiviral cover for herpes simplex stromal keratitis without epithelial keratitis. Systemic antiviral therapy may prove to be a valuable adjunctive treatment, and further clinical trials are anticipated.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of herpes simplex stromal keratitis. 331 11

We have demonstrated the reversibility of corneal endothelial changes which accompany superficial keratopathy (superficial punctate keratitis, exposure keratopathy, chemical keratopathy and keratoconjunctivitis sicca), stromal keratitis and anterior uveitis (predominantly iridocyclitis). These changes include small subendothelial dark areas equal to or less than one cell in diameter and larger subendothelial dark areas up to two to four cells in diameter. These dark areas are similar but form two groups. The smaller ones may be due to oedema, some developing into larger dark areas, but it is also possible that smaller dark areas represent inflammatory cells or even local destruction of endothelial cells. The larger dark areas elevate the overlying endothelium. Either may be very numerous. They may be present together or separately. They become much less numerous and disappear with resolution or suppression of the acute keratitis or uveitis. The relief mode of corneal specular microscopy was used to distinguish these dark areas from other inflammatory and degenerative changes (such as fine inflammatory deposits, larger keratic precipitates, pigment deposits and guttatae at the level of the corneal endothelium).
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PMID:Reversible corneal endothelial cell changes in diseases of the anterior segment. 343 71

Twenty-four eyes removed for complications of HSV keratitis were studied histopathologically. There were 20 men and 4 women with an average age of 61 years. Severe keratitis was seen in 14, moderate in 7, and mild in 3 eyes. Common features associated with severe keratitis were: acute perforation, granulomatous keratitis with giant cells in the stroma and Descemet's region, stromal inflammatory cells, angle-closure, severe iridocyclitis with diffuse or focal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, low-grade vitritis, choroiditis, and/or retinal periphlebitis. Specimens with moderate to mild keratitis had a similar distribution of inflammation but a lower incidence of granulomatous keratitis.
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PMID:Histopathology of herpes simplex virus keratouveitis. 382 1

RGH-6201 (4-diethylaminoethoxy-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol) in the first dose-range finding study on rats produced severe, irreversible ophthalmic damage. The underlying mechanism was studied in a series of experiments with daily doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in rats by gavage. Lenticular damage appeared as a moderate nuclear degeneration during Week 4 of treatment with 50 mg/kg RGH-6201. This could be detected in the isolated eye and in histological examination but not by ophthalmoscopy. Keratitis and iridocyclitis developed about the 2nd week of treatment followed by epithelial proliferation in the lens under the anterior capsule in the higher dose groups. Nuclear and total cataract developed from the 2nd week on in the 200 mg/kg group and from the 3rd week on in the 100 mg/kg group. Further gross pathological changes in the high dose group were characterized by marked hairloss, desquamation in the cardiac region of the stomach and diarrhoea. It has to be emphasized that fine lenticular changes were unrelated to keratitis and iridocyclitis. Since other benzhydrol derivatives such as 2,5-dimethyl-alpha-ethylbenzhydrol and 3-trifluoro-methyl-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol do not induce similar changes, the diethyl-amino-ethoxy group was assumed to be the toxic part of the molecule. Intravenous studies with equimolar doses of diethyl-aminoethanol revealed no similar symptoms.
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PMID:Analysis of cataract and keratotic damage induced by 4-diethylaminoethoxy-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol (RGH-6201) in rats. 386 78

A total of 380 leprosy patients were studied in four different leprosy hospitals. The involvement of eye was found in 18.95% of cases in which 10.97% in lepromatous leprosy and 8.16% in non-lepromatous leprosy cases. In total cases studied 52.63% were of lepromatous leprosy and 47.37% of non lepromatous leprosy cases. Among them 11.05% were males and 18.95% were females. In 72 cases of ocular involvement, males constituted 80.56% and females 19.44% of cases. Maximum cases (52.78%) of ocular involvement were in leprosy patient with 5 to 10 years of duration. Blindness among the total leprosy patients studied was 1.84% which was mainly due to corneal opacity following exposure keratitis and ulceration, iridocyclitis and its complications.
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PMID:A study of ocular complications in leprosy. 654 93

In a prospective study of the ocular manifestations of Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) in 18 children (11 boys and seven girls, ranging in age from 5 months to 9 years), we found bilateral injection of the bulbar conjunctiva in 16, bilateral iridocyclitis in 14, superficial punctate keratitis in four, vitreous opacities in two, papilledema in two, and subconjunctival hemorrhage in one. Conjunctival injection and iridocyclitis were always bilateral, and fellow eyes always had the same degree of inflammation. There were significant correlations between ocular inflammation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than .0001) and C-reactive protein level (P less than .0009). No serious ocular complications occurred.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of Kawasaki's disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). 720 Dec 45

Little is known of the epidemiology and clinical picture of ocular onchocerciasis in South America. A survey of onchocercal eye disease was performed in the hyperendemic area of a rain forest focus of onchocerciasis in Esmeraldas Province in Ecuador. A total of 785 skin snip positive individuals from black and Chachi Amerindian communities were examined. The blindness rate attributable to onchocerciasis was 0.4%, and 8.2% were visually impaired. Onchocercal ocular lesions were seen in a high proportion of the study group: 33.6% had punctate keratitis, microfilariae in the anterior chamber and cornea were seen in 28.9% and 33.5% respectively, iridocyclitis was seen in 1.5%, optic atrophy in 5.1%, and chorioretinopathy in 28.0%. Sclerosing keratitis was not seen. The prevalence of all ocular lesions increased with age. Punctate keratitis was strongly associated with microfilarial counts in the cornea and chorioretinopathy was correlated with infection intensities in the cornea and anterior chamber. Chachi Amerindians had higher anterior chamber microfilarial counts and a greater prevalence of punctate keratitis than blacks though blacks had a greater prevalence of iridocyclitis and optic nerve disease. The pattern of ocular disease resembled rain forest onchocerciasis in west Africa with few severe ocular lesions in the anterior segment and all blinding lesions attributable to posterior segment disease.
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PMID:Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: ocular findings in Onchocerca volvulus infected individuals. 769 37

Pain or redness of the eye are frequent symptoms of out patient ophthalmological visit. Diagnosis is based both on the patient symptoms and a careful eyeball examination. After an eye trauma, it is necessary to check the absence of corneal or subpalpebral foreign body, and the absence of an eyeball laceration or an intraocular foreign body. Without traumatism, pain or redness of the eye suggest an anterior segment pathology with various diagnosis: keratitis is mostly due to bacterial infection, a significant intraocular pressure elevation is frequently due to angle closure glaucoma or inflammation of the anterior uvea in case of iridocyclitis. When pain and redness of the eye are associated with visual impairment, it is mostly due to a severe ocular pathology. In that case an ophthalmological referral is mandatory.
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PMID:[Acute painful and red eyes]. 774 51

We report a case of rapidly progressive varicella zoster virus retinitis, which is distinct from acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The patient was a 52-year-old male and suffered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two months after the varicella zoster dermatitis in the distribution of the first division of the left trigeminal nerve, pseudodendritic keratitis and iridocyclitis were observed in the left eye. After 5 weeks, multifocal and patchy white exudates were observed in the peripheral deeper layer of the retina in the left eye, but retinal vasculitis in the exudative lesions was slight. Despite systemic administration of acyclovir, white exudates progressed confluently from the periphery to the post pole of the retina and reached the macula in 10 weeks. Eight weeks after the observation of lesions in the left eye, we found the same lesions in the right eye. After the white exudative lesions disappeared, the retina became atrophic and the retinal vessels were narrowed, but no retinal detachment was observed. Recently, Foster and associates described the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis as a new entity of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS patients. We think our case was very similar to the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis. This case shows that we must carefully follow up the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in the AIDS patients with a varicella zoster dermatitis.
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PMID:[Rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 782 11

Eyes from autopsy cases of leprosy patients (29 eyes from 16 cases) were examined histologically. In some cases immunohistochemical methods were used. In the lepromatous type, ocular complications such as keratitis and iridocyclitis were often found. In the tuberculoid type, such complications were seldom encountered. In the active stage, lepra cells and "foamy cells" showed positive reaction to acid-fast staining and anti-BCG antibody but in the silent stage they did not react. All foamy cells in both the active and the silent stage showed positive reaction to KP1, but they did not react to lysozyme or alpha 1-antitrypsin. These results suggest that the foamy cells originated from macrophages, but that their biological activity was low.
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PMID:[Ocular histopathological studies in leprosy in the silent stage--I. Light microscopic feature]. 794 45


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