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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A focus on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy. Contemporary ideas on viral infections of the anterior segment are examined.--The pathogenesis of lesions (viral activity, delayed hypersensitivity reaction), the clinical aspects of herpes infections of the anterior segment are the result of the relative importance of these two factors. Schematically--dendritic keratitis infiltrates and stromal necrosis and hypopion represent active viral infection. Disciform keratitis, oedematous keratitis, serous iridocyclitis represent delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Corticosteroids are contrindicated in the former cases and recommended in the latter.--Special features concerning zoster inflammations of the anterior segment are considered.--An important number of adenoviral anterior segment infections are also reported and their benign nature stressed.
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PMID:[Viral infections of the anterior segment (author's transl)]. 15 79

Rapid recognition and appropriate therapy will prevent or remediate most of the complications occurring in children after cataract aspiration and IOL implantation. Some of the complications of pediatric IOL implantations are related to the increased scleral pliability and decreased rigidity which predispose scleral collapse, vitreous loss, flat anterior chamber and corneal endothelial damage. A second group of complications is associated with the enhanced inflammatory and fibrotic responses peculiar to a child's eye. This group includes operative striate keratitis and iridocyclitis, late IOL precipitates, secondary and postpseudophakos membranes, iris erosion and synechiae formation, and IOL tilt and displacement. Although the intraocular lens is a possible means of visual rehabilitation for children with traumatic cataracts or unilateral infantile cataracts, its long-term risk/benefit ratio must still stand the test of time.
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PMID:Complications of implant surgery in children. 37 20

Ocular complications occur in about 50% of cases of ophthalmic zoster. They include inflammatory reactions of the eyelid, conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, secondary glaucoma, optic neuritis, internal ophthalmoplegia, ocular motor palsies and exophthalmos. Very dangerous complications are a concomitant facial paralysis and a neuroparalytic keratitis. Then a tarsorrhaphy should be done in time. An ophthalmologist should be consulted, when the side of the tip of the nose presents vesicles (Hutchinson's rule).
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PMID:[Ocular complications in ophthalmic zoster (author's transl)]. 107 72

A corneal abrasion is the most common eye complication during general anesthesia and recovery. It is painful, may progress to inflammation of the uveal tract, and in the presence of contamination may lead to a serious infection. Both eyes may be involved, as the two reported cases show. Possible causes include mask friction on the open eye or other careless technics. Treatment includes local application of an antibiotic ointment and an eye pressure patch. In addition, a cycloplegic and mydriatic solution is instilled to prevent synechiae (in the presence of a secondary iridocyclitis) and to relieve the pain associated with spasm of the iris and ciliary muscle. Topical application of local anesthetics should be avoided, as they delay regeneration of corneal epithelium and may promote keratitis.
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PMID:Corneal injuries during general anesthesia. 117 Jul 81

Only a few isolated cases of endophthalmitis have Corynebacterium been implicated as etiology. This diphtheroid, which has been considered for a long time as a nonpathogenic contaminant from the conjunctival flora, may produce systemic diseases usually in immuno-deficient patients. Keratitis and endophthalmitis cases have been reported in the literature. We report three cases of chronic endophthalmitis after extracapsular extraction with intraocular chamber posterior lens which are characterized by many subacute iridocyclitis and vitritis attacks treated by topical steroids. These endophthalmitis are characterized by decrease of visual acuity, hypopion, white plaque on posterior capsule and vitritis. In the first case, Corynebacterium has been isolated from the culture of vitreous and in the second and third cases from the culture of aqueous humor. These bacteria are often very slow growing, 8 to 14 days in the 3 cases. Colonies may not become visible on culture plates before one week or more. Corynebacterium grow well on ordinary media (blood and chocolate agar). The major difficulty is not to discard organism frequently considered contaminants. The treatment associated systemic antibiotherapy with steroids or not, central capsulotomy and vitrectomy with intraocular injection of antibiotic with or without steroids. Antibiotics sensitivities among diphteroids vary greatly. Quinolones, penicillins, vancomycin, cyclines and aminosides are often a good choice. However, individual sensitivities determined by the antibiogram must be used for an appropriate treatment.
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PMID:[Chronic Corynebacterium endophthalmitis. Apropos of 3 cases]. 129 92

Complicated cataract results from local ocular disease; we report five cases that followed severe anterior segment infection. Three patients had Pseudomonas keratitis and two Acanthamoeba keratitis. All patients had severe keratitis and iridocyclitis. Mature cataracts developed after a mean of 5.5 months from the onset. Cataract formation with severe keratitis may be attributable to bacterial toxins, iridocyclitis and treatment toxicity. All these factors may cause cataract by interference with lens metabolism. One of our cases had no steroid treatment; the remaining four had between 7.7 and 28.14 mg of topical steroid (256-938 drops of Dexamethasone 0.1%). Cataract formation may result from severe microbial keratitis alone but is probably enhanced by concurrent treatment with high doses of topical steroid. The potential for cataract formation must be considered when managing microbial keratitis with the use of steroids and when planning surgical rehabilitation of the anterior segment.
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PMID:Cataract as a complication of severe microbial keratitis. 147 13

The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) includes three double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials for potentially blinding herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye infections. One study compares a tapering dosage of topical prednisolone or placebo eye drops for HSV stromal keratitis (HEDS-SKN). Two other trials compare oral acyclovir to placebo capsules for HSV stromal keratitis (HEDS-SKS) or iridocyclitis (HEDS-IRT) in patients on a tapering dosage of topical prednisolone drops. All medications are administered for 10 weeks. Outcome is judged by time to recurrent disease or treatment failure. This paper presents the design, estimated sample size and recruitment as of July 25, 1990.
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PMID:Design and organization of the herpetic eye disease study (HEDS). 186 86

Serious complications of radial keratotomy are infrequent, but include: iridocyclitis, microbial keratitis, endophthalmitis, corneal perforation, and traumatic wound rupture. We report a case of retinal detachment following microperforation during radial keratotomy.
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PMID:Retinal detachment following radial and astigmatic keratotomy. 206 19

A study of ocular changes in reactions in leprosy was undertaken to assign these changes, their proper place in the wide spectrum of ocular morbidity in leprosy. 76.1% of eyes of Type I reaction and 89.7% of eyes with Type II reaction showed some ocular involvement. Corneal hypoaesthesia, superficial punctate keratitis, a decrease of corneal film break up time (BUT), prominent corneal nerves, pigment on the endothelium of the cornea and a pigmented trabecular meshwork were the common ocular findings. The incidence of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions was low (8.1%). The significance of the ocular involvement in reactions in leprosy and the pathogenesis of iridocyclitis in Type II reactions is discussed.
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PMID:Ocular changes in reactions in leprosy. 237 25

The present study examined the anti-herpetic effect of the glycoprotein inhibitors, hydroxynorvaline and 2-deoxyglucose, alone and in combination with trifluridine on murine ocular herpes. Following ocular inoculation with a large dose of HSV-1 RE strain (10(6) pfu), ICR mice were treated during the acute infection with different therapeutic regimens, and their efficacy was evaluated by ocular virus titers, clinical grading of blepharo-conjunctivitis and histological evaluation of stromal keratitis and iridocyclitis. The results following a large dose HSV-1 inoculum demonstrated that trifluridine was the best single therapeutic agent. Hydroxynorvaline and 2-deoxyglucose had no effect at all. Combination therapy of the glycoprotein inhibitors with trifluridine was no better than trifluridine alone. The mouse HSV-1 keratitis model proved to be an effective, economical alternative to the rabbit model for the evaluation of new antiviral agents.
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PMID:Efficacy of glycoprotein inhibitors alone and in combination with trifluridine in the treatment of murine herpetic keratitis. 308


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