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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental fungal keratitis was established in the pigmented rabbit by intralamellar injection of Aspergillus fumigutus suspension after superficial corneal trephination. Examination of clinical manifestations was combined with light microscopy, SEM, TEM, and slit-lamp microscopy in the study of pathological and symptomatic development. The morbidity occurred in all the 45 eyes inoculated, as corneal ulcer (100%), immunity ring (72%), hypopyon (64%), and radial turbidity of hyphae growth (28%); satellite lesions were not found. The pathogenesis of keratomycosis possibly included direct damage by fungal extension, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and action of fungal toxins. The pathological basis for the clinical manifestations of keratomycosis was also discussed.
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PMID:[Light and electron microscopic observations of experimental keratomycosis]. 268 77

Specific-pathogen-free chickens (two, four and ten weeks of age) which were inoculated via the air sac with Escherichia coli developed ocular lesions. Histologically, the main ocular lesions consisted of hyphema, hemorrhages of the iris, hypopyon, keratitis and uveitis. Hyphema was associated with hemorrhages of the iris, and hypopyon with keratitis and uveitis. Cyclophosphamide treatment enhanced the incidence and severity of hyphema and hemorrhages of the iris in the chickens.
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PMID:Ocular lesions in chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli. 296 33

A review of 87 cases of microbial keratitis in South Australia was made to determine the factors which influence the outcome of the disease. The preceding pathology and the extent of ulceration at presentation were found to be significant, while the presence of hypopyon was less important. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most likely to result in a poor outcome. Most patients had a history of traumatic injury, herpes simplex keratitis, or a corneal graft. The choice of gentamicin and a cephalosporin as appropriate initial therapy in Australia was supported. The results are discussed with reference to current research objectives.
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PMID:Host, microbial, and pharmacological factors affecting the outcome of suppurative keratitis. 310 72

Two hundred twenty-seven cases of microbial keratitis reported in nonreferral county practice were studied. The staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae, were the major isolates. A multivariate statistical model was developed to evaluate possible predisposing and outcome determinants. Several racial and age-related relationships were shown. The interaction of numerous local ocular and systemic factors played a fundamental role in causing disease. The authors found significant association between S. pneumoniae and topical steroid use, and direct and indirect linkage of S. aureus with diabetes and trauma, respectively. S. pneumoniae and Moraxella were risk factors for major complications (24% of cases); S. pneumoniae was related to enucleation and late perforation. Corneal exposure and prior topical steroids were associated with prolonged hospital stays. Hypopyon was associated with pneumococcal infection, 60 years of age or older, and trauma. The identification of groups at high-risk for microbial keratitis and problems of preventive management are discussed.
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PMID:Epidemiology of microbial keratitis in southern California. A multivariate analysis. 331 83

Hyphaema developed spontaneously in 16 of 458 patients with microbial keratitis treated at two centres on the East and West Coasts of the United States. Chronic corneal conditions were often present, and three cases had rubeosis iridis. Inflamed iris vessels were assumed to be the source of the haemorrhage. The hyphaemas tended to persist longer than is usual, particularly when coincident with a hypopyon. Recurrent hyphaemas are reported in two patients from outside this series. Spontaneous corneal haemorrhage was seen in three cases. Subepithelial bleeding settled rapidly, but a combined midstromal and pre-Descemet's haematoma cleared more slowly. Anterior segment bleeding was significantly associated with advanced age, female sex, infection with Gram-positive organisms, and hypopyon.
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PMID:Spontaneous hyphaema and corneal haemorrhage as complications of microbial keratitis. 342 3

The efficiency of Amphotericin B drops was studied using a newly developed keratomycosis model (defined strain Candida albicans DSM 70010, which leads reproducibly to a corneal infection with descemetocele without prior local or systemic immunosuppression in the rabbit). Penetration of the drug (administered ten times a day) into the cornea and aqueous humor was only demonstrated after abrasion of the corneal epithelium. Three groups were studied: (I) therapy with abrasion, (II) therapy without abrasion, and (III) a control group. Both clinically (descemetocele or perforation, hypopyon) and with regard to microbiology (reculture of Candida) the results obtained in Group I were significantly better than those obtained in Group II (p less than 0.001). Repeated corneal abrasion is therefore recommended for treatment of Candida keratitis with Amphotericin B.
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PMID:[Experimental studies of local therapy of Candida keratomycosis with amphotericin B]. 366 6

The first medical cure of a corneal infection due to an Acanthamoeba species is reported. The 44-year-old patient developed a suppurative keratitis associated with an epithelial defect, hypopyon, and secondary glaucoma. Acanthamoeba was confirmed as the causative agent four months after presentation when positive cultures were obtained from the cornea and from the conjunctiva. Sensitivity studies of the isolated organism were performed, and the infection was successfully controlled by treatment with a combination of dibromopropamidine and propamidine isethionate ointment and drops and neomycin drops. Keratoplasty was performed 22 months after onset, and no viable acanthamoebae were present in the resected tissue, though possible cyst remnants were identified by immunofluorescent techniques.
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PMID:Acanthamoeba keratitis successfully treated medically. 405 64

The spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) can eject its venom into its adversary's eyes from a distance of several meters. This causes an immediate and painful conjunctival infection, followed by blepharospasm, corneal and conjunctival edema, and erosion. Corneal ulcer, in some cases with perforation, hypopyon and endophthalmitis are the results. The present paper reports on a 35-year-old patient from Hemkoa (South Upper Volta) whose eyes had been affected by the venom of a spitting cobra 5 years previously. The patient had meanwhile lost his sight as a result of bilateral sclerosing keratitis. The possible influence of the patient's basic disease (onchocerciasis) on the course of the sclerosing keratitis is discussed.
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PMID:[Spitting cobra ophthalmia (Naja nigricollis)]. 633 38

We studied three cases of keratitis caused by Mycobacterium chelonei, a nontuberculous mycobacterial species. The cases occurred in two women, 76 and 80 years old, and one man, 67 years old, treated as outpatients in the same office. One case followed suture removal and the other two occurred after posterior capsulotomy. Corneal lesions appeared within two to three weeks of trauma and were white, round infiltrates with indistinct margins and radiating projections. The lesions were found at all levels of the stroma and were associated with an epithelial defect. Anterior chamber reaction varied from a minimal response to a hypopyon. One patient responded to topical therapy with amikacin and erythromycin, but the other two patients required penetrating keratoplasties because of deep abscesses, which progressed toward the sclera despite therapy. These cases emphasized the possibility of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria producing serious ocular infections.
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PMID:A cluster of cases of Mycobacterium chelonei keratitis associated with outpatient office procedures. 670 73

Ocular inflammations caused by the latex of euphorbiaceae manifest themselves as lid swelling, severe conjunctivitis, keratitis and iritis with hypopyon. As therapy, the local application of corticosteroids is recommended. In severely affected cases intravenous injections of Sandosten-Calcium and Solu-Dacortin (Merck) are indicated. The caustic effect of euphorbia cyparissias is caused by phorbol acid and phorbol acid ester. On the Canary Islands, the latex of euphorbiaceae is quickly removed by drop application of the sap of aeonium lindleyi, family crassulaceae. In the past, the sap of sempervivum tectorum which also belongs to the crassulaceae, was used as a household remedy for ocular inflammations.
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PMID:[The effect of the sap of Euphorbiaceae on the eye]. 742 Oct 15


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