Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is not an uncommon disease and is more prevalent among debilitated and seriously ill patients. It is caused by the same virus causing varicella. The exact trigger mechanism is unknown, as well as much of the pathogenesis. The disease is more uncommon among the elderly and usually runs a benign course. Approximately 50% of the patients develop ocular complications ,the most frequent of these being keratitis, iritis, secondary glaucoma and extraocular muscle involvement. The most striking pathologic features are the lymphocytic infiltration of the long ciliary nerves and the vasculitis of the vessels accompanying them. The most controversial aspect of the disease is that of treatment. Almost every therapeutic regimen has been attempted in a disease whose natural course is self-limited. The future will add more to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease and shed more light on the efficacy of various treatments.
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PMID:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 19 72

Two cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with dendritic keratitis are reported. Virological studies confirmed the double infection with herpes simplex type 1 virus in the corneal lesions and herpes zoster virus in the cutaneous lesions. We suggest the use of the immunoperoxidase test to identify the viral agent mainly because of its rapid and specific results. We are against the use of local steroids in dendritic keratitis unless the etiological agent is proved to be herpes zoster virus and not herpes simplex virus.
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PMID:[Zona ophthalmica and dendritic keratitis]. 94 30

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus has been associated with numerous complications such as neuropathy, keratitis, anterior uveitis, and neuralgia. To my knowledge, there have been no reports of secondary iris cyst formation. I hereby report the case of a patient who developed an iris cyst during a Herpes zoster ophthalmicus infection.
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PMID:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and iris cysts. 226 62

We report a patient with pathologic evidence of anterograde spread of varicella zoster virus (VZV) through the visual system. A 29-year-old homosexual man developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 months before the onset of left herpes zoster ophthalmicus. During the next 11 months, the zoster infection progressed to involve the left eye, with resultant keratitis, iritis, retinitis, and eventual blindness. Later, the patient developed bilateral blindness, left hemiparesis, and fatal pneumonia. At autopsy, the brain revealed destruction of the visual system and adjacent structures, with sparing of the remainder of the brain. Glial cells near the areas of necrosis showed Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions. In situ hybridization with probes to VZV nucleic acid sequences were positive in the necrotic brain and retinal areas. Hybridization with probes to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type II, human immunodeficiency virus, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic herpes group nucleocapsids. This case provides insight into the mechanisms of virus dissemination and the production of encephalitis.
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PMID:Transsynaptic spread of varicella zoster virus through the visual system: a mechanism of viral dissemination in the central nervous system. 253 32

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a unique form of zoster dermatitis associated with a high rate of ocular complications that tend to be chronic and may cause vision loss. The ocular complications are highly varied, with keratitis and uveitis being more persistent sequellae of HZO. Oral acyclovir treatment of acute HZO reduces the incidence of the more common ocular complications, including keratitis and uveitis. Although patients treated early in the course of this disease experience a greater clinical response, treatment as late as seven days after onset of cutaneous lesions confers a beneficial prophylactic effect with respect to the ocular complications of HZO.
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PMID:Reduction of the ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus by oral acyclovir. 304

This review of ten years of experience presents the results of clinical use of human beta-interferon (Frone) in viral ocular disease. Two forms of human beta-interferon have been used: (a) Frone cream 20,000 IU/g (Inter-Yeda Ltd.) for local treatment and prevention of HSV-1 periocular skin lesions and for Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. (b) Frone eye drops (500,000-1,000,000 U) for prophylaxis and treatment of adenovirus infections and for prevention of recurrent HSV-1 keratitis. Our results show that Frone cream or drops, applied at an early stage, is: (a) Effective in significantly shortening the course of the disease; (b) Has a drying effect on herpetic skin lesions, and tear secretion in adeno viral disease; (c) Reduces the frequency from 1.2 to 0.04 attacks per year for patients with known biological rhythm of the disease; (d) Prevents subepithelial keratitis in 45% of the study population; (e) Prophylactic treatment of interferon in families reduces the incidence of contamination from 65% to 20%.
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PMID:Ten years of experience with human fibroblast interferon in treatment of viral ophthalmic infections. 307 9

We report a case of an unusual complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, secondary bacterial keratitis. Compared with previously reported cases, ours is unique in its early occurrence in the course of zoster and the lack of predisposing factors such as steroid use, contact lens use, or prior corneal disease or surgery. The opportunistic pathogen Branhamella cattarhalis responded well to medical therapy. We feel that bacterial superinfection must always be a concern in patients with herpes zoster keratitis, even early in their often prolonged chronic disease.
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PMID:Secondary bacterial keratitis in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 312 Dec 55

Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus include pseudodendritic keratitis, late mucous adherent keratopathy, varied forms of stromal keratitis, and exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Prophylactic therapy of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus with oral acyclovir is of proven benefit in reducing the incidence of early pseudodendritic keratopathy and stromal keratitis but has no evident effect on exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy. Although early pseudodendritic keratitis is due to virus infection of epithelial cells, it is self-limited and does not require topical antiviral therapy. Stromal keratitis and associated epithelial mucous adherent keratopathy are responsive to topical corticosteroids but chronic therapy is often required and may prolong the duration of keratitis and result in cataract or secondary glaucoma. Exposure and neurotrophic keratopathy may respond to topical lubricants and correction of lid abnormalities but severely affected corneas may require tarsorrhaphy or conjunctival flap to maintain corneal integrity.
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PMID:Corneal complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Prevention and treatment. 325 20

Seventy-one nonimmunocompromised patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus, presenting within seven days of onset of characteristic skin eruption, were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial with oral acyclovir. In a previous interim report we noted more prompt resolution of dermatomal signs and symptoms with acyclovir treatment. There was also a reduction of viral shedding in acyclovir-treated patients coupled with a trend to greater rate of microdissemination of the virus in placebo-treated patients (Cobo LM, et al. Ophthalmology 1985; 92:1574-83). While further substantiating these findings, we report that a ten-day course of treatment with oral acyclovir (600 mg, five times a day) is well-tolerated and significantly reduces the incidence and severity of the most common complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and uveitis. While this acyclovir treatment regimen reduces the zoster-related pain during the acute phase of the disease, especially in patients treated within 72 hours of onset of skin lesions, it has no evident effect on either incidence, severity, or duration of post-herpetic neuralgia in the patients studied.
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PMID:Oral acyclovir in the treatment of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 348 32

The incidence and severity of herpes zoster ophthalmicus have increased because of the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Uveitis and keratitis are the most common inflammatory complications. Corneal exposure from scarring and contraction of the upper lid may require reconstructive plastic surgery. Preliminary studies of oral acyclovir, specifically targeted at preventing ocular complications, are encouraging.
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PMID:Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 349 73


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