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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic vitamin A palmitate at three dosage levels was evaluated for its effect on experimental herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis in corticosteroid-treated rabbits. High-dose vitamin A palmitate reduced the severity of herpetic keratitis, but the low or moderate doses did not, and none of the vitamin A treatments affected virus recovery. Vitamin A treatment, however, produced substantial weight loss in uninfected rabbits and in corticosteroid-treated, HSV-infected rabbits. Steroid treatment alone significantly increased the antibody response to HSV, but this effect was not enhanced by vitamin A. The slight beneficial effect on HSV keratitis could be attributed to the known effect of vitamin A on promoting epithelial healing rather than an enhancement of immunity. For this purpose, local application of vitamin A may be just as effective and much less toxic than administration for systemic effect.
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PMID:Vitamin A in experimental herpetic keratitis. 625 45

The rabbit provides an excellent model for the study of ocular herpes because herpetic keratitis in the rabbit eye resembles human disease in its clinical features and in its propensity for spontaneous recurrence. This paper presents a method for the electrical induction of multiple episodes of in vivo reactivation of latent HSV-1 infection with peripheral shedding of virus. Physiological levels of current delivered via an electrode implanted over the trigeminal ganglion of latently infected animals has enabled us to modify and synchronize virus shedding in preocular tear film and to cause multiple episodes of reactivation in a single animal. For this reason, the model is well suited for antiviral efficacy testing and provides an excellent opportunity for investigation of virus-host cell interactions in latent and recurring herpetic disease.
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PMID:In vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus in rabbit trigeminal ganglia: electrode model. 627 86

We conducted a retrospective study of 107 penetrating keratoplasties in 99 eyes (99 patients) performed from 1970 to 1979 at the Wills Eye Hospital. The follow-up periods ranged from one to 12 years (median, three years). Overall, 86 of the 107 transplants (80%) remained clear and 63 eyes (59%) achieved good to excellent visual acuities (20/60 or better). Preoperative vascularization was not a significant prognostic factor with regard to final visual outcome, graft clarity, or graft rejection. Herpes simplex keratitis was inactive at the time of corneal transplantation in 100 of the eyes (93%). The overall rate of recurrent dendritic keratitis after transplantation for herpes was 19%.
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PMID:Corneal transplantation for herpes simplex keratitis. 634

Herpetic keratitis remains a prominent cause of recurrent or chronic and blinding corneal disease; areas of particular difficulty are indolent ulceration, herpetic keratouveitis, keratoplasty and problems associated with steroid therapy. Topical acyclovir has been widely demonstrated to be a safe and effective antiviral for ulcerative herpetic keratitis; furthermore its particular advantages of high efficacy, minimal toxicity and good ocular penetration, suggest that it should be the treatment of choice for patients within these other areas of particular difficulty.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus infections of the eye and their management with acyclovir. 635 49

We investigated the effect of primary ocular inoculation with an avirulent herpesvirus type 1 thymidine-kinase-negative mutant on keratitis, survival, and establishment of trigeminal ganglionic latency after ocular challenge with several virulent herpesvirus type 1 thymidine-kinase-positive strains in the murine model. The effect of previous inoculation with the thymidine-kinase-negative mutant was to reduce the severity of keratitis, promote survival, and reduce the frequency of recovery of latent virus compared to the control group for all three superinfecting challenge strains. However, the thymidine-kinase phenotype (negative or positive) of recovered latent ganglionic virus or viruses disclosed incomplete protection from the previous inoculation and recovery of more than one virus strain from the same trigeminal ganglion in several mice. The success of a live, attenuated herpesvirus type 1 vaccine against ocular herpes may be limited in certain individuals by possible superinfection and secondary ganglionic colonization by wild-type herpesvirus capable of producing recurrent ocular disease.
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PMID:Herpesvirus inoculation of cornea. 672 Aug 19

A series of 38 children with ocular herpes simplex infection is reported. The follow-up periods ranged between 1 and 10 years after the first ocular herpetic involvement. The primary ocular infection occurred in most cases between 2 and 6 years of age, with a similar rate in males and females. The number of recurrences increased with the duration of the follow-up period: during the first 2 years, recurrences developed in 50% of cases and after 2 years, all the children had new herpetic ocular attacks. Idoxuridine treatment failures were found in 11 cases of herpetic superficial keratitis. Ocular herpes simplex in children is a major cause of visual loss and disability. After a follow-up period of 5 years, 75% of patients with herpetic keratitis had a visual acuity of 5/10 or less.
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PMID:[Ocular herpes simplex in children (author's transl)]. 705 36

Herpes simplex keratitis accounts for 50 percent of patients presenting at our corneal clinic. Studies of the use of acyclovir in dendritic and geographic ulceration and disciform keratitis are presented. In a double-blind study of acyclovir and idoxuridine in 60 patients with dendritic keratitis, acyclovir was shown to be superior and produced no serious side effects. Patients with geographic ulcers have been treated on an open basis with acyclovir and the drug was found to be effective. A combination of acyclovir and dilute steroid drops appeared to be as effective as currently available treatments in the management of disciform keratitis. Double-blind studies are now in progress to evaluate acyclovir in geographic and disciform keratitis.
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PMID:Acyclovir in herpes keratitis. 710 9

The relative efficacy of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (MMUdR), adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and the combination of MMUdR and Ara-A in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis was investigated in rabbits. Treatment was initiated either at 4 or 24 h post virus inoculation. The parameter used to evaluate effectiveness was lesion size. Each eye was graded daily for the first 5 days and on alternate days thereafter to day 11. At concentrations of 2 or 5% both MMUdR and Ara-A were found to have potent antikeratitis activity. At 5% concentration, Ara-A provided essentially the same protection against herpes keratitis as 0.1% IUdR, while MMUdR was slightly less effective. The simultaneous application of 2% MMUdR and 2% Ara-A in combination was more effective than 5% MMUdR alone and was effective as 5% Ara-A or 0.1% IUdR in controlling the viral keratitis.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy of 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis. 735 40

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C antigens were typed on 48 patients with recurrent herpes stromal keratitis. The HLA-Aw30 antigen occurred three times more frequently in patients with herpes stromal keratitis than in those who lack the Aw30 antigen. When the data for the probability of the HLA-Aw30 were corrected for the number of variables studied, the corrected P value was not significant. A previous report of an increased frequency of HLA-B5 with recurrent herpes keratitis was not confirmed by our study. No significant associations with the HLA-C antigens were noted. HLA-DR antigen typing of 25 herpes stromal keratitis patients indicated that the HLA-DRw3 antigen appeared to have an increased frequency in herpes stromal keratitis. However, the small sample size studied precluded interpretation of the increased phenotypic frequency and the possible association of HLA-DRw3 and herpes stromal keratitis needs further study.
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PMID:HLA antigens in recurrent stromal herpes simplex virus keratitis. 735 86

A series of 21 pediatric patients with ocular herpes simplex infections is reported. Two groups are presented: those with clinical primary herpes and those with documented recurrences. The corneal manifestations including clinical resistance to idoxuridine are presented. Stromal keratitis and visual loss were not marked in the primary group, but were difficult to prevent in those children with recurrences. The problems encountered in the overall management of children with herpetic keratitis are discussed.
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PMID:Herpetic ocular infections of childhood. 736 5


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