Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pretreatment of human fibroblast cultures with human leukocyte interferon (HIF, 1,000 IU/ml) resulted in a 24-h delay of virus replication after infection with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Additional HIF treatment 24 h after infection effectively lowered the maximum yield of viral infectivity. Equal results were obtained in simian cells with 3,000 IU of HIF per ml. The spread of two cell-bound herpesviruses, varicella zoster virus and Medical Lake macaque herpesvirus, was inhibited by 2,000 IU of HIF per ml in human fibroblasts and Vero cells, respectively. Varicella zoster virus infectivity was notably reduced by HIF, whereas the latter system showed a low sensitivity. To study the effect of HIF in the infected cornea, keratitis was induced experimentally in both eyes of 12 rhesus monkeys and 12 African green monkeys by inoculation with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus, respectively. In each monkey one eye served as a control for the full cycle of disease. In the other eye HIF treatment was initiated prophylactically 15 h before or simultaneously with the challenge virus infection or 6 to 20 h postinfectionally or therapeutically after onset of the disease, and the treatment was continued for 2 to 7 days. Prophylactic and simultaneous administration equally resulted in inhibition of both vaccinia and herpes keratitis. Postinfectional and therapeutic administration of interferon moderated the course of keratitis slightly and shortened the period of virus shedding.
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PMID:Effect of human leukocyte interferon on vaccinia-and herpes virus-infected cell cultures and monkey corneas. 16 24

The accompanying inflammation seen in ocular HSV infection-the result of interactions between viruses and the immune response-can be both beneficial and potentially harmful to the host. An understanding of the interaction of virus-immune cells is just evolving from current advances in basic research. Based on our studies on HSV keratitis [11], the control of ocular HSV infection appears to involve an early inflammatory phase with macrophage reactivity and elaboration of MIF. Transient virus-specific lymphocytes with effector reactivity, as well as neutrophils with chemotactic activity, occur during the stromal keratitis. Finally, antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis provides another phase of restriction of infection. Thus, a rationale for effective management and therapy of occular HSV disease must be based on an understanding of (1) the immunological and immunopathological mechanisms of corneal inflammatory disease initiated by the virus; (2) the immunological mechanisms in recovery from the disease; and (3) the host's humoral and cellular immune status during virus persistence (latency) and during recurrent episodes of infection. We hope that new information obtained from assessment of roles of the humoral and cellular immune responses in recovery from disease and in recurrent disease will provide new approaches to the management of ocular HSV infections.
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PMID:Immunology of herpes simplex virus in fection. 17 22

Fifty-seven patients with ocular herpes simplex (HS) infection were studied for evaluation of existing methods for virus isolation and its application in diagnosis of HS infection. Virus was isolated in 90% of 34 cases with keratitis dendritica, when specimens were taken within eight days of onset of symptoms. The same isolation frequency was obtained in 10 cases of palpebral herpes with conjunctivitis. No isolation was possible in 11 cases of keratitis disciformis. Laboratory confirmation was obtained within four days in 70% of the positive cases. Ten strains of HS virus type 1 were examined for IDU resistance, 5 strains isolated prior to and 5 during IDU treatment. Nine of the strains had the same degree of sensitivity. One strain isolated during treatment was found to be highly resistant.
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PMID:Ocular herpes simplex infection. A clinical evaluation of virus isolation and studies on iodo-deoxyuridine resistance. 20 39

Levamisole, which is an anthelminthic, can restore depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI) under some circumstances. In a controlled trial of experimental herpetic keratis in rabbits, levamisole was found to have no significant effect on acute herpetic keratitis or its recurrence rate. This is consistent with previous findings that other nonspecific CMI stimulation had no effect on recurrences of experimental herpes keratitis. Because of the known tendency of levamisole to produce agranulocytosis, we believe it should not be used in man unless proven effective in a carefully controlled double-blind study.
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PMID:Lack of levamisole effect on experimental herpes keratitis. 92 45

A newborn with severe ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection acquired in utero is presented to exemplify problems in diagnosis and management. A review of 297 newborns with HSV type 1 or type 2 infection reveals that about one-fifth demonstrate ocular involvement including one or more of the following: microphatalmia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis and cataracts.
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PMID:Eye infections with herpes simplex viruses in neonates. 98 67

Ten cases of naturally occurring dendritic keratitis (feline herpes keratitis), which are manifestations of the disease commonly known as feline viral rhinotracheitis, have been identified in domestic cats in San Fancisco. Neonatal, juvenile, and adult forms of the disease are described and their treatment is discussed.
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PMID:Feline herpes virus infection. 98 70

Herpes simplex keratitis was found to be a common ophthalmic problem in Tunisia. Dendritic and geographic ulcers were complicated by deep stromal keratitis in 31% of patients, two thirds of whom were known to have been treated previously with corticosteroids. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 41% of patients from whom corneal material was cultured. To develop an effective program for management of epithelial herpes in developing countries, treatment with idoxuridine was compared with debridement and patching. Average healing time for 31 ulcers treated with idoxuridine was 13 days, with three treatment failures; average healing time for 20 ulcers treated with debridement and patching was five days, with one failure. Debridement and patching of herpetic ulcers was an efficient way to treat herpes simplex keratitis within the context of overall medical care in Tunisia.
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PMID:Herpes simplex keratitis in a developing country. Natural history and treatment of epithelial ulcers in Tunisia. 126 38

Recurrences of herpetic stromal keratitis are believed to be initiated by reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, probably in the trigeminal ganglion. Genetic features of the virus and the host as well as the immune status of the host influence the outcome of infection. Following infection on the snout with HSV-1, mice with normal corneas usually develop mild anterior segment disease. We studied the induction of herpetic infection in mice that had abnormal corneas, containing center due to trauma or a spontaneous dystrophy. The corneal abnormality led to more frequent herpetic stromal keratitis and more severe anterior chamber reaction. In addition, we found that snout-infected mice with dystrophic corneas had an increased risk of dying from viral infection. Our data suggest that not only the strain of virus and the genetic background of the mouse, but also the state of the cornea itself, can contribute to susceptibility to ocular herpes infection.
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PMID:Presence of Langerhans cells in the central cornea linked to the development of ocular herpes in mice. 132 20

Compensatory hyperplasia of the corneal epithelium (CEH) has been observed histopathologically in animal and human eyes after excimer laser photoablative keratectomy, and has been implicated as a cause of variable refractive results and refractive regression after this procedure. Retrospective histopathologic analysis of routine keratoplasty specimens revealed CEH in 85 of 130 (65%) corneas with keratoconus, 18 of 36 (50%) corneas with chronic herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, and 14 of 25 (56%) corneas coded as nonspecific scars. Mild CEH occurred apically and/or peripherally in keratoconus. Massive CEH (up to 200 microns thick) occurred in chronic HSV keratitis with irregular stromal loss. Our data indicate that CEH occurs frequently in several corneal diseases marked by stromal ectasia or loss. We postulate that stromal loss may contribute to CEH by providing relative protection against exfoliative shearing forces of superior eyelid closure. Our study complements previous reports that imply that CEH is a contributory factor in refractive regression after excimer laser photoablation.
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PMID:Compensatory epithelial hyperplasia in human corneal disease. 148 63

The efficacy of 3% Ara-A ophthalmic ointment (Vira A) has been evaluated on 100 epithelial herpetic keratitis; the poor intra-ocular penetration of Ara-A explains the exclusion of stromal keratitis and kerato-unveitis. Patients were treated 5 times a day until complete epithelial healing of ulcers, then twice a day during 7 days. Healing was obtained within 10.6 days for 87% of the patients, who have been treated by Ara-A at first (n = 77) or after failure of IDU or of IDC (n = 23). The healing rate was higher for the 52 first ocular episodes (92%) than for the 48 recurrences (81%); it decreases to 77% for recurrences after failure of IDU or IDC. Geographic ulcers heal in 76% of cases only. Their length has no influence on their healing. The longest healing time, 10.6 days, can be explained by the long period of time before beginning to apply Ara-A, 12.8 days: significative correlation between both periods of time is highlighted and shows the advantage of an early treatment. The need for a local corticotherapy (n = 8) does not hinder healing in 15.5 days. Two weeks after discontinuation of the treatment, 3 patients presented a relapse, sensitive to a 2nd Ara-A course; a maintenance treatment, superior to 7 days, is necessary. Tolerance to Vira A ointment is good. Indications of Ara-A during ocular herpes are superficial keratitis, especially those resistant to IDU or, from experimental data, to ACV, and their prevention by a possible long term treatment.
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PMID:[Treatment of superficial herpes simplex keratitis with vidarabine (Vira A): multicenter study of 100 cases]. 222 99


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