Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prophylactic potency of topically applied human leukocyte interferon and human fibroblast interferon was compared in a monkey model with herpes simplex virus type 1-induced keratitis. Both interferons effectively prevented keratitis at 1.9 X 10(6) U of activity per ml but were ineffective at 1.9 X 10(3) U/ml. Slight differences between human leukocyte interferon and human fibroblast interferon observed at the level of 1.9 X 10(5) U/ml were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferon in the prevention of herpes simplex virus keratitis in a monkey model. 40 74

Several 5-alkyl derivatives of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (araU) were tested for antiherpesviral activity and inhibitory action on cell growth in human embryonic lung fibroblasts. 1-beta-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine, 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine, and 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) were included as reference materials. Among the 5-alkyl derivatives of araU, arabinosylthymine was the most active, followed by 5-ethyl- and 5-propyl-araU. 5-Ethyl-araU was as active as IUdR and more active than 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine against herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and did not inhibit cell growth at a concentration as high as 1,000 mug/ml. 5-Butyl- and 5-methoxymethyl-araU, as well as araU, exhibited relatively low activity. The araU derivatives tested were as active against HSV WT-34, an isolate from a patient with keratitis, as against HSV type 1. Against an IUdR-resistant isolate, HSV WT-20, arabinosylthymine was less inhibitory than IUdR. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in HSV type 1-infected cells was markedly inhibited by arabinosylthymine, IUdR, and 5-ethyl-araU, whereas cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in uninfected cells was significantly inhibited by IUdR but not by arabinosylthymine or 5-ethyl-araU.
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PMID:In vitro antiherpesviral activity of 5-alkyl derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil. 48 26

We produced chronic experimental herpetic keratitis by dropping PH-strain herpes simplex virus on scarified rabbit corneas and then injecting the rabbits subconjunctivally with low doses of corticosteroid (namely, triamcinolone acetonide suspension). Vitamin-A-treated rabbits developed milder, more rapidly healing epithelial lesions than untreated rabbits. Whereas most of the untreated rabbits developed moderate or severe stromal disease, most of the vitamin-A-treated rabbits developed only mild stromal disease or none at all.
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PMID:Herpes simplex keratitis treatment with vitamin A. 50 88

Acute corneal ulceration in malnourished children is the commonest cause of childhood blindness in Northern Nigeria and usually develops after measles. Other severe diseases in malnourished children rarely precipitate corneal ulceration. A survey in a school for blind children showed that 69% of the children were blind from corneal disease, and a survey of children with corneal scars showed that at least 42% were caused by ulceration after measles. The clinical appearance of the active ulcers was very varied. The serum retinol-binding protein and prealbumin levels in children with corneal ulcers following measles were below normal, but a group of malnourished children without eye complaints following measles were found to have even lower levels. Thus a specific deficiency of vitamin A does not appear to be the primary cause of these ulcers, though it may be a contributory one. A specific measles keratitis and secondary herpes simplex infectious may be local factors contributing to this ulceration, and there is nearly always a background of protein calorie malnutrition. Racial factors may also be of some significance.
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PMID:Corneal ulceration following measles in Nigerian children. 50 86

Aqueous humor from 33 herpes patients, 4 zoster patients, and 14 patients with etiologically unclear anterior uveitis was cultured for the presence of herpes viruses. Nine taps from 8 herpes patients with corneal endothelial disease and/or anterior uveitis yielded herpes simplex virus. In the case of one patient two taps were positive at 14 days' interval. Control cultures from the surface of conjunctiva and cornea were consistently virus-negative. Analysis of the virus-positive cases displayed three remarkable features: 1. Secondary glaucoma was uniformly present. This in itself is an indication for culturable herpes simplex virus in the aqueous. 2. Three clinical pictures could be differentiated biomicroscopically: focal iritis, peripheral endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis. 3. In a proportion of cases, tissue damage resulting from associated immune reactions seems to be more important for the functional outcome than tissue damage by viral cytolysis itself. After having tried several antiviral substances (trifluorothymidine topically, adeninearabinoside-monophosphate intravenously, human leukocyte interferon intramuscularly and intracamerally) we presently favour a topical combination therapy consisting of trifluorothymidine and steroids. This must be complemented by cycloplegics and--in cases of high intraocular pressure--by acetazolamide.
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PMID:[Herpes simplex virus isolations from the aqueous humor of patients suffering from focal iritis, endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis with glaucoma (author's transl)]. 54 18

New antiviral compounds are being tested constantly and may be of considerable value with increasing availability. More than 200 analogues of purines and pyrimidines have been found to inhibit DNA and RNA viruses. Adenine arabinoside is most effective against disseminated herpes simplex virus and disseminated herpes zoster. Idoxuridine is useful in treatment of herpetic keratitis. Interferon still is in the experimental stage, and, because of its short half-life and high cost, it probably will not be released in the near future. Amantadine appears to be useful in prevention of A2 influenza, but its value against swine flu has not been established. Methisazone is effective in prevention of smallpox and in the treatment of complications of vaccinia.
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PMID:Viral chemotherapy. 58 11

During the 18 months January 1975 to June 1976, 25 cases of acute herpetic follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis resembling adenovirus ocular infection presented in the External Eye Disease Clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London. Herpes simplex virus was isolated in HEp2 cells in 22 patients, and the remaining 3 patients were identified by a minimum 4-fold rise in the level of antiherpes simplex virus antibody in their blood. No adenovirus was isolated from these patients, but complement fixation test for adenovirus was positive in 1 patient with cultural test positive for herpes simplex virus. Most patients were between 20 and 35 years old and the ratio of males to females was 12 to 13. At the initial visit the clinical features of disease were moderate to severe conjunctival papillary and follicular reasons with epithelial and subepithelial punctate keratitis but little systemic disease. In the absence of typical herpetic lesions of face, lids, or cornea the disease resembled adenovirus types 8 or 19 keratoconjunctivitis. Of these 25 patients 5 subsequently developed typical herpetic lesions of lids or cornea. In the remaining 20 cases the correct diagnosis could be made only by cultural or serological tests. Virological diagnosis provides a rational basis for antiherpetic chemotherapy, which appears to shorten the course of infection.
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PMID:Acute follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis due to herpes simplex virus in London. 73 65

Between December 1973 and October 1974 scrapings of the corneal epithelium of 52 patients were examined by immunofluorescence. 41 of these corneal scrapings were suitable for examination. In 31 of 38 cases with the clinical diagnosis of a herpes simplex keratitis virus-specific antigen was found by means of immunofluorescence. The procedure takes only a few hours, and shows with 81,5% correct diagnoses a high reliability; scrapings of patients without herpetic affection never revealed a positive result. In 3 of 4 cases of deep herpetic keratitis, in which the herpetic etiology could only be supposed clinically, the diagnosis was proved by immunofluorescence.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of herpetic keratitis by immunofluorescence (author's transl)]. 76 64

Large scale, multiclinic evaluations of vidarabine (Ara-A, Vira A, adenine arabinoside) for treating herpetic keratitis have been conducted as double-blind studies (169 patients) in comparison with IDU and open studies (146 patients). In the open studies, the disease in the majority of patients had been refractory to IDU. The effects of vidarabine and IDU were approximately the same in improvement of symptoms (lacrimination, photophobia, sensitivity) and percent of and time for corneal reepithelialization. With vidarabine, significantly more patients had improved distant visual acuity than did with IDU. In the open studies, vidarabine also was effective. Of 116 patients whose ulcers had not responded to IDU, 91 (78%) had reepithelialization within four weeks of treatment with vidarabine. On the basis of results from these studies, vidarabine appears to be a safe and effective drug for treating herpes simplex keratitis.
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PMID:Vidarabine therapy of simple and IDU-complicated herpetic keratitis. 79 69

A double-blind clinical trial of human leukocyte interferon is in progress for assessment of the effect of this substance on recurrences of herpetic keratitis. Although human leukocyte interferon is highly effective in preventing infection in owl monkeys (protection from infection and prevention of recurrences correlate well in lower animals), there is no difference between the frequency of recurrences in placebo-treated patients and that in interferon-treated patients. Forty-nine patients have been treated with interferon, and 46 have received placebo; there have been seven recurrences (with herpes simplex virus isolated) in each group. The interferon used is highly stable both in storage in the laboratory and in clinical use. Because the titer of interferon in this study (6.4 X 10(4) units/ml) may be too low to accomplish our prophylactic needs, attempts are being made to use the material in more concentrated form.
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PMID:Human leukocyte interferon for the prevention of recurrences of herpetic keratitis. 81 96


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