Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inflammatory response to herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea was studied in athymic nude (nu/nu) and heterozygote (nu/+) BALB/c mice. Although athymic mice were highly susceptible to HSV infection and died 13 to 17 days after corneal inoculation, they failed to develop necrotizing keratitis of the cornea. Heterozygote mice survived the initial virual infection, but many of these mice developed necrotizing keratitis and permanent corneal scarring. Light and electron microscopy showed numerous inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the corneas of heterozygote mice, but not in the athymic mice. These studies suggest that the immune system plays a dual role in herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea: protection against dissemination of the virus and immunopathogenesis of necrotizing keratitis in the cornea.
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PMID:Herpetic keratitis in athymic (nude) mice. 16 Aug 87

An infant, the first-born of twins, delivered by cesarean seciton without prior rupture of the membranes, was noted to have an advanced epithellal and stromal keratitis at berth. Herpes simplex, type 1, was cultured form the cornea and from skin vesicles which developed subsequently. The advanced nature of the lesion indicates that it was acquired in utero. This appears to be the first reported case of congential herpetic keratitis.
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PMID:Congenital herpetic keratitis. 16 75

Pretreatment of human fibroblast cultures with human leukocyte interferon (HIF, 1,000 IU/ml) resulted in a 24-h delay of virus replication after infection with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Additional HIF treatment 24 h after infection effectively lowered the maximum yield of viral infectivity. Equal results were obtained in simian cells with 3,000 IU of HIF per ml. The spread of two cell-bound herpesviruses, varicella zoster virus and Medical Lake macaque herpesvirus, was inhibited by 2,000 IU of HIF per ml in human fibroblasts and Vero cells, respectively. Varicella zoster virus infectivity was notably reduced by HIF, whereas the latter system showed a low sensitivity. To study the effect of HIF in the infected cornea, keratitis was induced experimentally in both eyes of 12 rhesus monkeys and 12 African green monkeys by inoculation with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus, respectively. In each monkey one eye served as a control for the full cycle of disease. In the other eye HIF treatment was initiated prophylactically 15 h before or simultaneously with the challenge virus infection or 6 to 20 h postinfectionally or therapeutically after onset of the disease, and the treatment was continued for 2 to 7 days. Prophylactic and simultaneous administration equally resulted in inhibition of both vaccinia and herpes keratitis. Postinfectional and therapeutic administration of interferon moderated the course of keratitis slightly and shortened the period of virus shedding.
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PMID:Effect of human leukocyte interferon on vaccinia-and herpes virus-infected cell cultures and monkey corneas. 16 24

In cases of keratitis it is often desirable for a correct treatment that a rapid etiologic diagnosis is established. This can easily be accomplished by using the immunofluorescent tecnique for the demonstration of herpes simplex viral antigen in corneal epithelium cells.
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PMID:Application of immunofluorescent technique in the cytologic diagnosis of human herpes simplex keratitis. 17 Jul 67

Of 120 individuals suffering from follicular conjunctivitis, with or without keratitis, 56 had epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. The remaining 64 patients had keratoconjunctivitis produced by several different viruses, including herpes simplex, adenoviruses types 3, 7, 8, 16, 21, and 29, and others. Positive viral cultures were difficult to obtain after the first week of illness in most viral infections. Serologic tests were far more successful in indetifying causative agents. Hemagglutination-inhibition tests in adenovirus infections proved to be fast, accurate, and more sensitive than other serologic tests. Among the epidemic and nonepidemic adenovirus groups, the degree of corneal involvement in the infections appeared to be correlated with the level antibody against the infectious agent. Patients with low antibody titers had more severe keratitis than those with high titers. This correlation was true for both the epidemic and non epidemic patients.
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PMID:Clinical and immunologic responses in patients with viral keratoconjunctivitis. 17 Aug 31

Seventy-three patients with herpetic epithelial keratitis were randomly divided into three groups and were treated by local applications of human leukocyte interferon, thermocautery plus human leukocyte interferon, or thermocautery plus mock human leukocyte interferon to obtain information on whether therapy with human leukocyte interferon can serve as a substitute for mechanical debridement of the involved epithelium or can improve the results when given as additional therapy. Fifty-five patients (75%) yielded herpes simplex virus before treatment, and only the results in these patients with keratitis of proved viral etiology were included in the analysis. These results indicated that mechanical debridement cannot be replaced with local application of human leukocyte interferon (3-4 X 10(4) units per day). When given in addition to thermocautery, human leukocyte interferon may have been of some value in a number of patients. However, the results were not statistically significant. A more potent dosage of human leukocyte interferon might provide better results.
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PMID:Interferon in treatment of dendritic keratitis in humans: a preliminary report. 18 Jan 97

A gereral, overall pattern of the temporal relationship and interaction between cell and antibody-mediated immune responses following herpes simplex virus infection of the rabbit cornea can be synthesized from our studies. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) appears early following infection, at a time when mononuclear and lymphocytic cellular proliferation occur at the limbus. Interaction between specifically immune lymphocytes with virus antigens are detected by lymphocyte blastogenesis and migration inhabiting factor. During stromal keratitis, a second phase of CMI involves transient virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes, which destroy cells that display viral-induced antigens on their surface. Chemotatic factors generated by viral antigens alone or with antiviral antibody or by virus-sensitized lymphocytes play a role in attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the cornea during stromal keratitis. Soluble mediators of CMI secreated by activated lymphocytes act both specifically and nonspecifically on virus-infected cells, allowing cell destruction and making intracellular virus available for neutralization by antiviral antibody. Cell-mediated immunity in the acute infection, diminishes with the appearance of significant antiviral antibody titers. The late phase of the corneal immune response results from a local antigen-antibody interaction and is characterized by cells predominantly of the plasmacytic type. The presence of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies capable of destroying virus-infected cells provide an additional factor in restriction of infection.
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PMID:Immunology of herpesvirus infection: immunity to herpes simplex virus in eye infections. 18 41

8-Hydroxyquinoline and several of its derivatives inactivate the transforming ability of Rous sarcoma virus and inhibit its ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity. The copper complex of these metal-binding ligands is as active as the free ligand. The activity of the 8-hydroxyquinolines is approximately 50-fold more effective than another group of metal-binding compounds that we have tested, the thiosemicarbazones. In contrast to the potency of the 8-hydroxyquinolines to inactivate Rous sarcoma virus, no intracellular inhibition of transformation could be demonstrated at a concentration that did not affect the growth and appearance of the cells. Cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent than was ribonucleic acid or protein synthesis. The phenomenon of "concentration quenching" was observed with high concentrations of drug, causing less inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis than was observed with lower concentrations. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was inactivated also by the 8-hydroxyquinolines and their copper complexes. No intracellular inhibition of plaque formation was observed. Treatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate had no effect on the resolution of herpetic keratitis in rabbits. Some 8-hydroxyquinolines bind to deoxyribonucleic acid in the presence of copper, a phenomenon that may be important in their antiviral activity.
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PMID:Hydroxyquinolines inhibit ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and inactivate Rous sarcoma virus and herpes simplex virus. 18 49

The development of experimental disciform edema and necrotizing keratitis in the corneas or rabbits following intrastromal inoculation with the RE strain of herpes simplex virus is described. Following an initial episode of conjunctivitis and epithelial keratitis, a mild, centrally localized, stromal edema developed on the fifth day. Stromal edema, opcification, and neovascularization of the cornea reached maximum severity on the seventh to twenty-second day, and began to fade in most eyes thereafter. On the twenty-ninth day most corneas have attained a resolved state characterized by subepithelial granular opacities. Several eyes were observed which developed central necrotizing keratitis. Marked similarities between the animal model and human herpetic stromal keratitis were apparent. Histological observations show that early necrotizing keratitis in the rabbit is characterized by an infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the limbus, with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the central cornea.
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PMID:Experimental disciform edema and necrotizing keratitis in the rabbit. 18 31

Immunofluorescence, histological, and electron microscopic observations were made on rabbit corneas from animals with experimentally induced stromal keratitis following intracorneal injection with the RE strain of herpes simplex virus. Electron microscopic observations were also made on human corneas obtained from patients with a history of herpetic stromal disease. Viral antigens were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in keratocytes of rabbit corneas with herpetic stromal keratitis. Electron microscopic observations and viral culture failed to reveal the presence of viral particles in these tissues. Lymphocytes, a major infiltrating cell type found in both the rabbit and human corneas, were often found in intimate contact with degenerating keratocytes.
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PMID:Herpetic stromal keratitis-evidence for cell-mediated immunopathogenesis. 18 60


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