Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A diagnostic hybridization assay for detecting herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in ocular specimens was developed using cloned viral DNA as a probe. This hybridization assay is based on visualizing a biotinylated probe that is hybridized to the target DNA by a streptavidin/alkaline phosphatase system. The time required for performing this assay system is only two days. This assay system could detect a probe which had been hybridized to as little as 1 pg of homologous DNA and did not cross-react with DNA of other human herpes viruses except that of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) which showed weak cross-reactivity. The assay system was applied to experimental keratitis in albino rabbits and clinical specimens. In experimental keratitis in rabbits it was possible to detect HSV-1 DNA in the eye swab samples at least until the ninth day after virus inoculation. Five clinical specimens collected from patients with corneal ulcer or blepharitis contained HSV-1 DNA in spite of the failure of demonstration of viral antigen and/or virus isolation in two cases.
 ...
PMID:Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in herpetic ocular diseases by DNA-DNA hybridization using a biotinylated DNA probe. 284 77

Primary inoculation of mice and rabbits with an avirulent HSV-1 thymidine kinase negative (TK-) mutant reduced keratitis, mortality, and superinfection of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) as measured by cocultivation and iontophoresis-induced ocular shedding following ocular challenge with HSV-1 McKrae and W strains. However species differences were demonstrated; with complete protection in rabbits, and incomplete protection in mice. In mice, BUDR/autoradiography and restriction enzyme analysis identified both HSV-1 McKrae and W strains as having superinfected the TG, established latency and reactivated. Also, the avirulent TK negative inoculating strain was altered to a virulent TK positive strain through possible in vivo selection, mutation &/or host-modification, and possible in vivo recombination with the virulent challenge strains. We conclude that lower species differences require that potential HSV-1 vaccines be tested in non-human primates prior to clinical trials, and that a DNA-free subunit herpes vaccine represents a safer alternative to a live virus vaccine.
 ...
PMID:HSV-1 thymidine kinase negative vaccine: pathogenicity, protection, and perils. 303 Jun 39

Activation of herpes infection in keratoplasty was studied in 26 patients and found to be caused both by operative intervention and the corresponding corticosteroid therapy. The fluorescent antibody technique proved to be the most effective and rapid test for the detection of herpes infection. It is recommended to carry out laboratory control in transplantation of the cornea as well as topical antiviral therapy in the postoperation period not only in patients with herpetic keratitis but also in the subjects operated on for nonspecific leukoma and other diseases of the cornea.
 ...
PMID:[Activation of a herpetic infection via corneal transplantation]. 303 1

The 5-substituted 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl (araU) analogues, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-araU (BrVaraU) and 5-vinyl-araU (VaraU), which can be considered as structural analogues of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrVUdR), are potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in vitro. BrVaraU and VaraU have been compared with BrVUdR for their therapeutic effect on acute HSV-1 keratitis in rabbits. Both araU derivatives applied as 0.1% eyedrops suppressed the development of keratitis as monitored by the reduced number of herpes efflorescences. The healing effect of BrVaraU and VaraU was less pronounced than that of 0.1% BrVUdR eyedrops, the difference between BrVUdR and VaraU being statistically significant at the 10th day of treatment. As a further indication of the healing effect the number of cornea with opacities seen after cessation of drug treatment were 3.3, 7.4, 27.6 and 46.9% for the BrVUdR-BrVaraU-, VaraU- and placebo-treated eyes, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (BrVaraU, VaraU) in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis in rabbits: comparison with (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrVUdR). 320 22

To determine the relationship between corneal allograft rejection and failure, we studied patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis (n = 82) and keratoconus (n = 345), two frequent indications for keratoplasty in young patients, using survival analysis. For first grafts for herpes, the probability of survival was significantly less than it was for keratoconus (P less than 0.0001). For second grafts, this difference was less pronounced, and for three or more grafts, the difference in survival was not significant. The incidence of rejection episodes was similar in first grafts for herpes (16.6%) and keratoconus (18.5%) (P greater than 0.05). However, the incidence of rejection episodes in regrafts for herpes was significantly greater than in keratoconus (23.7 versus 17%, P less than 0.01). The incidence of failure after rejection episodes (first grafts and regrafts combined) was significantly greater in grafts for herpes (52.4 versus 16.2%, P less than 0.001). Because survival after multiple regrafts in both groups is poor, additional measures, such as tissue matching, may be necessary to improve the likelihood of success in these high-risk cases.
 ...
PMID:Penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis and keratoconus. Allograft rejection and survival. 330 75

Herpes stromal disease is due to direct damage as a result of viral replication, virally induced immune mechanisms, or a combination of the two. Viral replication may have a major initiating role in the production of herpes simplex and herpes zoster induced stromal disease, and steroids may initially be harmful in their treatment. On topical antiviral drugs alone, in patients who never previously had had topical steroids, 14 of 15 cases of herpes simplex induced disciform keratitis responded favourably in an average of 44 days of treatment. This compared with one out of 14 responding if steroids had previously been used, 13 of 14 requiring topical steroids and an average 112 days' treatment. In herpes zoster stromal disease cases 78% had epithelial involvement, 54 of 57 responded to topical antivirals alone without the use of steroids, 2% recurred, and treatment averaged a total of 62 days. If steroids were used alone or in combination with antivirals, there was a 50% recurrence rate and 200 day total treatment duration.
 ...
PMID:The enigma of herpes stromal disease. 354 7

Activities of glutathione peroxidase, lactate-, malate- and glutamate dehydrogenases were decreased, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was activated in peripheric blood lymphocytes of patients with herpetic keratitis within the acute period. Alterations in the enzymatic activity were especially distinct in herpetic ulcer of sclera as compared with other clinical forms of herpetic keratitis. As lymphocyte oxidoreductases responded distinctly to herpetic infection, estimation of their activity could be used for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of herpes treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Oxidoreductase activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with herpetic keratitis]. 366 Jul 41

A new compound has been found, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ((S)-HPMPA), that has potent and selective activity against a broad spectrum of DNA viruses, including herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2); varicella zoster virus; thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) mutants of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus; human cytomegalovirus; phocid, simian, suid, bovid and equid herpesviruses; African swine fever virus; vaccinia virus; and human adenoviruses. It is also active against retroviruses. We also report that, in mice and rabbits in vivo, the compound is effective against both local and systemic infections with herpes simplex virus type 1, including herpetic keratitis caused by a TK- mutant which is resistant to the classical anti-herpes drugs.
 ...
PMID:A novel selective broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent. 376 96

Human interferon gamma (HuIFN-gamma) was found to prevent herpes-simplex virus (HSV 1) induced keratitis in monkey eyes, when administered topically at concentrations of greater than or equal to 3 X 10(5) reference units/ml. Protective efficacy demonstrated with lower concentrations of HuIFN-gamma in combination with low titers of HuIFN-alpha provided evidence of synergistic interferon activity in vivo. Tolerance problems observed in eyes affected by virus inoculation seem to be attributable to the experimental conditions including species heterology.
 ...
PMID:Recombinant HuIFN-gamma prevents herpes simplex keratitis in African green monkeys: demonstration of synergism with recombinant HuIFN-alpha 2. 392 44

Virazole is a synthetic nucleoside active in tissue culture against at least 16 DNA and RNA viruses. Applied topically, it inhibits herpetic keratitis in rabbits and tail lesions induced by herpes, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis viruses in mice. Injected intraperitoneally into mice, it inhibits splenomegaly and hepatomegaly induced by Friend leukemia virus and respiratory infections caused by influenza A(O), A(2), and B viruses and parainfluenza 1 virus. infections is also effective.
 ...
PMID:Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Virazole: 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. 434 Sep 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>