Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper describes the method and results of using a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory preparation RENGAZYL in a complex treatment of severe forms of ophthalmic herpes-keratitis with ulcerations. Comparative clinical studies included 81 patients divided into 3 groups. The complex treatment used preparations of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiedematous, hypotensive, desensitizing and vitamin therapy. In group 1 (28 patients) rengazyl in capsules was used, in group 2 (24 patients)--intramuscular injections of rengazyl. In group 3 (29 patients) indometacine in pills was used. The clinical results obtained have shown that rengazyl in a form of intramuscular injections possesses expressed anti-inflammatory action in case of the most severe forms of ophthalmic herpes. Besides this, rengazyl possesses analgetic action that makes it more preferable in treatment of inflammations of the choroid accompanied by a pronounced algesic syndrome.
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PMID:[Rengasil (pirprofen) in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases]. 208 28

Recently three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which did not react with Micro Trak Herpes (Syva Co.), were isolated by us from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis. In this study we characterized these strains of HSV-1 and found them to be HSV-1 gC- mutants which are very rare isolates from humans. The properties of the HSV-1 strains regarding plaque morphology on Vero cells and chick embryo fibroblasts and viral DNA analysis were the same as those of the usual HSV-1 strains. An immunofluorescence study using anti-gC-1 monoclonal antibody and SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabeled viral glycoproteins showed that these strains are deficient in gC-1. They were virulent for mice and sensitive to acyclovir and bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Furthermore the infectivity of the strains was inactivated by complement though the phenomenon was not observed in the usual HSV-1 strains. This finding suggests that protection from damages by complement is an important function of gC. In keratitis the effects of complement are thought to be minimal because of the scanty blood supply and this may be the reason why these strains were isolated from the cornea.
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PMID:Characterization of glycoprotein C-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from a patient with keratitis. 217 56

Transmission of herpes zoster infection from one sister to the other is described, resultant from close everyday contacts. Clinical manifestations of the disease (severity, dissemination, course and type of involvement) were much more marked in the elder sister, suffering from disseminated Darier's dyskeratosis and marked debility. Herpes was complicated with vasculitis, necrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, development of pneumonia and keratitis. Problems of treatment of such patients are discussed.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster in 2 sisters]. 225 85

Clinico-virologic investigations and the availability of the new antiviral drug Acyclovir have changed our therapeutic approach to deep herpetic diseases. Treatment of the symptoms alone with steroids should now be avoided. Basic treatment should consist of optimal dosages of Acyclovir. However, additional steroid therapy is still necessary. Significant progress in the treatment of dendritic keratitis is to be expected as soon as high-titer interferon preparations become commercially available. Treatment of dendritic keratitis with a combination of a modern antiviral drug and high-titer interferon will reduce the average time the corneal epithelium takes to heal from the present 6 days to 3 days. While considerable progress has been made in the treatment of herpes, no more than a step in the right direction has been taken with herpes zoster varicellosus virus, owing to its greater resistance to Acyclovir.
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PMID:[Therapy of herpetic diseases of the anterior eye segment]. 241 40

Interferons (IFN) are potent antiviral, cytostatic-cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents. Although gene technology has made available an unlimited supply of all different kinds and types of IFN, their basic modes of action have not been clarified up to now. The therapeutic effects proven differ gradually between the individual disease entities. They comprise prophylaxis, prevention of recurrences and direct therapeutic effect, either of reducing the actual disease symptoms, or of inducing a complete recovery. For the following viral diseases a positive therapeutic effect has been shown: infections by herpes-viruses (herpes simplex keratitis , herpes zoster, herpes simplex), cytomegalovirus infections, chronic-hepatitis B virus infection, acute respiratory virus infections by rhino-, corona- and influenza viruses. Especially for the group of virus-associated tumors and papillomas, IFN is considered to be therapeutically effective. IFN has been accepted to be the first line treatment for laryngeal papillomatosis. In condylomata acuminata too, IFN is a potent therapeutic agent. Moreover, IFN represents the most effective therapeutic modality for Kaposi's sarcoma in patient with AIDS. Hairy cell leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma and hypernephroma are the malignancies, for which a therapeutic effect of IFN could be proven. Furthermore, IFN is considered to be the therapy of first choice for hairy cell leukemias. Although there are some signs, that IFN could be a potent agent for adjuvant therapy, this question can not be answered - not even on principle - because of lacking sufficient data so far. Up to date, the therapeutic efficacy of IFN seems to be established only for hairy cell leukemia, laryngeal papillomatosis, Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS and partly for condylomata acuminata. For all other indications, first of all, sufficient phase-II-study data will have to be evaluated, before prospectively controlled studies, comparing the IFN treatment results with placebo and standard therapy results, can be initiated for the individual disease entities. Then, it will be possible to assess the therapeutic efficacy of IFN. Already now, IFN represent a valuable enrichment of the therapeutic modalities for malignancies and viral diseases.
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PMID:[Current status of interferon therapy]. 242 97

Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors are capable of preventing decomposition of the collagen structures of the corneal stroma, and also have a regulating influence on various aspects of the inflammatory process. The content of proteolytic enzymes (alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin) was studied in the tears and the blood serum of patients with herpes viral keratitis, as well as in the blood serum of rabbits with experimentally-induced ophthalmoherpes. Herpetic keratitis was attended by significant changes in the content of proteolysis inhibitors, as well as in the peripheral blood neutral proteases activity, this presumably serving as a nonspecific blood protective reaction to the inflammation. In the tears of patients suffering from herpetic keratitis the inhibitors are expended for binding activated proteases in the cornea. Local application to rabbits of protein preparations with an inhibitory effect (contrykal, gordox) at the acute period of the experimentally-induced ophthalmoherpes produced a marked antiphlogistic effect.
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PMID:Antiproteases in herpetic keratitis. 245 13

We report a patient with pathologic evidence of anterograde spread of varicella zoster virus (VZV) through the visual system. A 29-year-old homosexual man developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 months before the onset of left herpes zoster ophthalmicus. During the next 11 months, the zoster infection progressed to involve the left eye, with resultant keratitis, iritis, retinitis, and eventual blindness. Later, the patient developed bilateral blindness, left hemiparesis, and fatal pneumonia. At autopsy, the brain revealed destruction of the visual system and adjacent structures, with sparing of the remainder of the brain. Glial cells near the areas of necrosis showed Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions. In situ hybridization with probes to VZV nucleic acid sequences were positive in the necrotic brain and retinal areas. Hybridization with probes to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type II, human immunodeficiency virus, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic herpes group nucleocapsids. This case provides insight into the mechanisms of virus dissemination and the production of encephalitis.
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PMID:Transsynaptic spread of varicella zoster virus through the visual system: a mechanism of viral dissemination in the central nervous system. 253 32

Acyclovir (aciclovir) is a nucleoside antiviral drug with antiviral activity in vitro against members of the herpes group of DNA viruses. As an established treatment of herpes simplex infection, intravenous, oral and to a lesser extent topical formulations of acyclovir provide significant therapeutic benefit in genital herpes simplex and recurrent orofacial herpes simplex. The effect of acyclovir therapy is maximised by early initiation of treatment, especially in non-primary infection which tends to have a less protracted course than the primary episode. Long term prophylactic oral acyclovir, in patients with frequent episodes of genital herpes simplex, totally suppresses recurrences in the majority of subjects; as with other infections responding to acyclovir, viral latency is not eradicated and pretreatment frequencies of recurrence return after discontinuation of treatment. Caution should accompany the prophylactic use of acyclovir in the general population, due to the theoretical risk of the emergence of viral strains resistant to acyclovir and other agents whose mechanism of action is dependent on viral thymidine kinase. Intravenous acyclovir is the treatment of choice in biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis in adults, and has also been successful in the treatment of disseminated herpes simplex in pregnancy and herpes neonatorium. Intravenous and oral acyclovir protect against dissemination and progression of varicella zoster virus infection, but do not protect against post-herpetic neuralgia. In immunocompromised patients, intravenous, oral and topical acyclovir shorten the clinical course of herpes simplex infections while prophylaxis with oral or intravenous dosage forms suppresses reactivation of infection during the period of drug administration. Ophthalmic application of 3% acyclovir ointment rapidly heals herpetic dendritic corneal ulcers and superficial herpetic keratitis. Thus, despite an inability to eradicate latent virus, acyclovir administered in therapeutic or prophylactic fashion is now the standard antiviral therapy in several manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection, and indeed represents a major advance in this regard. With the exception of varicella zoster virus infections, early optimism concerning the use of the drug in diseases due to other herpes viruses has generally not been supported in clinical investigations.
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PMID:Acyclovir. An updated review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. 265 90

The activity of three glycosidases in a tear has been studied in 26 patients with ophthalmic herpes, the diagnosis being confirmed by the method of fluorescent antibodies. The study has shown that in patients with herpetic keratitis the activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase increases and that of beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase appears in a tear of the injured eye and to a lesser degree in a tear of the contralateral eye as compared to that in a tear of healthy persons. The appearance of acid glycosidases or increase of their activity is connected with the departure of enzymes from the infected cornea and destruction of glycoside-containing compounds being important for the structure and functions of the cornea.
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PMID:[Glycosidase activity of the tears in patients with ophthalmic herpes]. 279 85

Analysis of results after treatment of 51 patients with recurrent forms of herpetic keratitis and keratouveitis has shown positive effect of local leukocytic interferon phonophoresis. The treatment was conducted once a day within 10-15 days with a device UTP-1, exposition time--5-7 minutes. As a contact media, interferon solution was used, obtained from 1 ampule of the dry substance. To arrest the inflammatory process in flabby progressing recurrent forms of herpetic keratitis, levamisole, 150 mg each other day (summary dose 900-18000 mg), proved to be effective. It is emphasized that patients after ophthalmic herpes should be kept under dispensary observation.
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PMID:[The combined treatment of recurrent forms of herpetic keratitis]. 279 96


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