Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Certain D-arabinosyl nucleosides, notably D-arabinosyl cytosine (araC) and D-arabinosyl adenine (araA), are useful in the treatment of certain leukemias and some DNA virus infections, respectively. The compounds are lethal to animal cells and some bacteria. Despite extensive deamination, the parent nucleosides are transported within sensitive cells and phosphorylated to the mono-, di- and triphosphates. AraCTP and araATP are good specific competitive inhibitors of tumor cell or virus-induced DNA polymerases, competing with dCTP and dATP, respectively. In addition to markedly inhibiting DNA synthesis, the aranucleotides enter newly formed DNA in internucleotide linkage. Sensitivity to the nucleosides appears to correlate with the relative ratio of formation of the triphosphate via a nucleoside kinase to degradation of the nucleoside via a nucleoside deaminase. Inhibition of the deaminase increases formation of the aranucleoside triphosphate in leukemic or virus-infected cells and markedly increases the toxicity of the nucleosides. Combinations of inhibitors of the deaminases and of the arnaucleoside are being explored in clinical situations. In addition, the slow penetration of aranucleotides into cells has been observed and some of these 5'-phosphates are useful antiviral agents, e.g. against herpes virus in herpetic keratitis.
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PMID:The lethality of aranucleotides. 82 87

In 12 rabbits a dendritic keratitis could be provoked by applying a suspension of herpes viruses (Herpes virus hominis -- HVH type 1) onto their previously both uviolised and non-uviolised corneae. 4 days later ophthalmectomy was performed and the corneae were examined by the scanning electron microscope. Macroscopically, both in the uviolised eyes and the control eyes punctiform lesions of the corneae were observed. After short ray-treatment (3 min) no differences were present between the uviolised and non-uviolised eyes. At longer time of exposure (7--15 min), however, a more distinct alteration occurred in the uviolised eye. The scanning-electron-microscopical picture showed the dendritic lesions to be composed of numerous circular foci of 100 to 200 mu. There were no differences in the lesions of the uviolised and non-uviolised corneae. The fact that after ultraviolet ray-treatment a great part of the epithelial cells is sloughed off, but, nevertheless, the same dendritic lesions develop, contradicts the assumption of a morphological substrate of the epithelial cells being the inducing factor.
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PMID:[Herpes Simplex Keratitis under the Scanning lectron Microscope(author's transl)]. 107 57

12 african green monkeys were inoculated in both eyes with herpes simplex virus typ 1 and 16 rhesus monkeys with vaccinia virus. The right eyes were treated with human leukocyte interferon (HIF) while the left eyes served as controls and showed the typical keratitis, 7 out of 8 herpes eyes and all 9 vaccinia eyes which were treated prophylactically or simultaneiously with HIF showed no signs of disease. When HIF was given later in the course of the infection the keratitis was either little influenced or not modified at all. The reasons are discussed.
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PMID:[The effect of human leukocyte interteron (HIF) on experimental viral keratitis in monkeys (author's transl)]. 108 Mar 75

A total of 209 pathological eyes each had 17 localities tested for sensitivity (cornea, caruncle, upper and lower lid margins (centrally, medially and laterally), and corresponding localities on the palpebral conjunctiva, and upper and lower halves of the bulbar conjunctiva). Reduced conjunctival sensitivity is seen in pemphigoid (excluding the lid margin) in contact lens wearers, at sites of nerves transected during operation and in rare cases of infectious conjunctivitis. Isolated corneal hypaesthesia is seen in bacterial or fungal keratitis. In herpes, the hypaesthesia extends over the bulbar conjunctiva, in zoster, over wider areas (including the lid margin). The sensitivity is normal in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic conjunctivitis. In neurological diseases the hyposensitivity could include the cornea, conjunctiva and lid margin. The conclusion is drawn that a study of the conjunctivo-corneal sensitivity can give differential diagnostic information, provided the normal sensitivity range is known. This has been set out in a Table in 10-year age groups.
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PMID:Conjunctival sensitivity in pathological cases, with simultaneous measurement of corneal and lid margin sensitivity. 110 26

The double-stranded RNA interferon inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (In-Cn) was used to treat acute dendritic keratitis in man in a double-blind manner with IDU. The success rate for this agent was similar to IDU and was found efficacious in cases not responsive to IDU. Prophylaxis with In-Cn did not prevent recurrences of epithelial herpes, but such recurrences were responsive to IDU or In-Cn.
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PMID:Therapeutic use of inducers of interferon on Herpes simplex keratitis in humans. 110 35

Topical application of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-HxMP) significantly inhibited the development of keratitis induced by types 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus in the eyes of rabbits. Parameters for evaluation of efficacy were infectivity (corneal opacity, lesion size, and type), Draize (erythema, conjunctival swelling, and discharge), and reduction in titer of recoverable virus from the eye. When the relative efficacy of the related compounds 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), ara-A 5'-monophosphate (ara-AMP), and ara-Hx was determined against type 1 herpes simplex virus in a parallel experiment, the more water-soluble compounds (ara-HxMP, ara-AMP) were the most effective. The relative efficacy of ara-A was also determined against type 2 herpes and vaccinia virus-induced keratitis. Mortality in rabbits due to central nervous system involvement caused by types 1 and 2 herpes simplex virus was inhibited. Ara-HxMP was not discernibly toxic to the eye at concentrations of at least 20%; efficacy was still discernible with a 0.1% solution.
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PMID:Viral keratitis-inhibitory effect of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate. 119 Jul 53

Bonaphthone (6-naphthoquinone-1,2) administered per os produces a prounced therapeutic effect in experimental herpetic keratitis of rabbits, induced by the virus of herpes simplex. With the topical appllication of bonaphthone in the form of an ointment the drug also produces a curative action in herpetic keratitis of rabbits. Combined application of bonaphthone locally and enterally in dealing with herpes in rabbits also acts beneficially, the same as its separate use.
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PMID:[Chemotherapeutic activity of bonafton in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits]. 122 24

Adenine arabinoside monophosphate (Ara-AMP) demonstrated antiviral activity equivalent to adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) against herpesvirus Types 1 and 2 in tissue culture. Against established herpes virus Type 1 epithelial keratitis in rabbits, Ara-AMP 2 per cent was comparable in efficacy to Ara-A 3 per cent, and Ara-AMP 20 per cent was superior to Ara-A 3 per cent. These results are especially significant in that Ara-A's high solubility will permit (1) more concentrated formulations to be presented topically and (2) adequate absorption by parenteral routes with smaller fluid loads than required for Ara-A.
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PMID:Anti-herpes activity of adenine arabinoside monophosphate. 125 7

Herpes simplex keratitis was found to be a common ophthalmic problem in Tunisia. Dendritic and geographic ulcers were complicated by deep stromal keratitis in 31% of patients, two thirds of whom were known to have been treated previously with corticosteroids. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 41% of patients from whom corneal material was cultured. To develop an effective program for management of epithelial herpes in developing countries, treatment with idoxuridine was compared with debridement and patching. Average healing time for 31 ulcers treated with idoxuridine was 13 days, with three treatment failures; average healing time for 20 ulcers treated with debridement and patching was five days, with one failure. Debridement and patching of herpetic ulcers was an efficient way to treat herpes simplex keratitis within the context of overall medical care in Tunisia.
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PMID:Herpes simplex keratitis in a developing country. Natural history and treatment of epithelial ulcers in Tunisia. 126 38

Activation of lipid peroxidation in ophthalmic herpes may be estimated by an increase in the rate of chemoluminescence in peripheral lymphocytes within 2, 5-7 and 14 days after injection of herpes simplex virus into the rabbit retina. In the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with naturally developed herpetic keratitis the activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased, while that of superoxide dismutase was increased 2-2.5-fold in the ophthalmic herpes as compared with the normal state.
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PMID:[Activity of antioxidant enzymes and peripheral blood lymphocyte chemiluminescence in herpes simplex virus infection of the eye]. 133 29


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