Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evaluation of the results of HLA typing of 187 patients grouped into herpetic keratitis (37), non-herpetic keratitis (43), keratoconus (42), endothelial dystrophy (23), stromal dystrophy (13), lues (5), and injuries (24), failed to show convincing deviations in any of the groups from a normal control series (2900 persons). Yet, as for the herpes group, a rise in B5 must strongly be suspected. The data are presented and possible implications are discussed.
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PMID:HLA types in corneal diseases. 9 40

Acycloguanosine, a recently developed compound with high inhibitory activity against viruses belonging to the herpes group, has been evaluated in experimental herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits in comparison with trifluorothymidine and preparations of idoxuridine and vidarabine at present in clinical use. All compunds were used in the form of ophthalmic ointments which were applied 5 times a day at intervals of 2 hours. Treatment began on the third day of infection and was continued for 4 days. Complete cure was obtained with acycloguanosine and idoxurdine; trifluorothymidine and vidarabine were considerably less effective. Acycloguanosine was equally effective when given intravenously in the form of its sodium salt, and could be detected in the tear fluid in inhibitory concentrations when given by mouth. The compound was relatively free from toxicity.
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PMID:Treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis with acycloguanosine. 11 5

A focus on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy. Contemporary ideas on viral infections of the anterior segment are examined.--The pathogenesis of lesions (viral activity, delayed hypersensitivity reaction), the clinical aspects of herpes infections of the anterior segment are the result of the relative importance of these two factors. Schematically--dendritic keratitis infiltrates and stromal necrosis and hypopion represent active viral infection. Disciform keratitis, oedematous keratitis, serous iridocyclitis represent delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Corticosteroids are contrindicated in the former cases and recommended in the latter.--Special features concerning zoster inflammations of the anterior segment are considered.--An important number of adenoviral anterior segment infections are also reported and their benign nature stressed.
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PMID:[Viral infections of the anterior segment (author's transl)]. 15 79

Thirty-eight newborn Beagle puppies from eight litters of a specific pathogen-free colony maintained in isolation were inoculated with canine herpesvirus. Pups were killed between one and 30 days after inoculation. Histopathologic studies were carried out on the eyes and other tissues in conjunction with fluorescent antibody and viral isolation studies. Evidence of ocular inflammation manifested by panuveitis with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was usually seen by the fourth day after infection. Eyes with severe inflammation showed peripheral anterior synechiae, cataract, and keratitis. The presence of the virus was confirmed by viral isolation from ocular tissues and fluorescent antibody studies. Developmental anomalies included retinal dysplasia with fold and tube formation of the neural retina, retardation of retinal maturation, and areas of necrosis and reorganization were seen. The retinal pigment epithelium showed initially patchy depigmentation and vacuolization and, subsequently, folding hypertrophy and duplication as well as areas of widespread atrophy and patchy loss. In some animals ectopic retina was found within cystic spaces of the optic nerve. These experiments confirm the ability of canine herpes infection in neonatal pups to produce severe ocular inflammation with subsequent retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.
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PMID:Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies. 17 83

2,277 specimens from 901 eyes were cultured for herpes simplex virus (HSV). 161 of 391 herpes-diseased eyes yielded HSV. The clinico-virological correlation led to a simple diagnostic and therapeutic scheme which is applicable by the ophthalmologist in his office without virological confirmation: 1. Superficial viral herpes (dendritic keratitis and allied disorders), HSV-isolating rate 96%. 2. Stromal herpes (disciform edema, different types of interstitial herpetic keratitis), only sporadical findings of HSV in the lacrimal fluid. The rate of virus-recovery increases, however, when an interstitial herpetic keratitis ulcerates. 3. Metaherpetic corneal disease = chronic or chronic recurrent superficial postherpetic disease without any detectable HSV-activity (main types: metaherpetic erosion, metaherpetic ulcer, metaherpetic bullous keratopathy). One of four superficial herpetic corneal diseases proved to be nonviral, i.e. metaherpetic in our series. Metaherpetic diseases may be widely considered as a therapeutic entity. The differential diagnosis with the slitlamp only and the proposed therapy (highly hydrophilic soft lenses plus adequate additional eye drops) are discussed in detail. Being aware of the diagnostic criteria and taking advantage of a combined soft lens therapy the treatment of metaherpetic corneal disease is easier and more successful than commonly accepted.
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PMID:[Metaherpetic keratitis clinical and virological findings (author's transl)]. 19 Apr 37

The ophthalmologist differs between three forms of manifestation of the herpetic infection: 1. The superficial keratitis with involvement of the epithelium, known as keratitis punctata, stellata or dendritica. 2. The deep for: the keratitis disciformis. This is a delaged hypersensitivity against the herpes virus or its products of metabolism. 3. The metaherpetic keratopathy develops on the basis of a disturbed metabolism after relapsing, mainly deep herpetic keratitis. Therapy differs according to the forms of manifestation. The prevention of relapses is a problem. The frequency of relapses of the corneal herpes is considerably less and the intervals between the relapses are in general considerably longer than in dermatological herpes affections. Therefore, the influence on the recidivity by the drug Lupidon can be appreciated by a long-term study over several years only.
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PMID:[Herpetic eye diseases]. 19 8

In the rabbit 5% phosphonoacetic acid ointment suppressed herpetic keratitis as well as 0-5% idoxuridine ointment. After 5 days of treatment quantitative virus titres showed that phosphonoacetic acid was superior to idoxuridine in the inhibition of herpes virus replication. Phosphonoacetic acid was found to be nontoxic to the eye in both clinical and histopathological studies. Recent reports suggest that the mechanism of action of phosphonoacetic acid appears to be the blocking of the virus DNA polymerase, which is essential for the synthesis of herpes virus DNA.
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PMID:Effect of phosphonoacetic acid in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis. 19 32

Fifty-seven patients with ocular herpes simplex (HS) infection were studied for evaluation of existing methods for virus isolation and its application in diagnosis of HS infection. Virus was isolated in 90% of 34 cases with keratitis dendritica, when specimens were taken within eight days of onset of symptoms. The same isolation frequency was obtained in 10 cases of palpebral herpes with conjunctivitis. No isolation was possible in 11 cases of keratitis disciformis. Laboratory confirmation was obtained within four days in 70% of the positive cases. Ten strains of HS virus type 1 were examined for IDU resistance, 5 strains isolated prior to and 5 during IDU treatment. Nine of the strains had the same degree of sensitivity. One strain isolated during treatment was found to be highly resistant.
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PMID:Ocular herpes simplex infection. A clinical evaluation of virus isolation and studies on iodo-deoxyuridine resistance. 20 39

Aqueous humor from 33 herpes patients, 4 zoster patients, and 14 patients with etiologically unclear anterior uveitis was cultured for the presence of herpes viruses. Nine taps from 8 herpes patients with corneal endothelial disease and/or anterior uveitis yielded herpes simplex virus. In the case of one patient two taps were positive at 14 days' interval. Control cultures from the surface of conjunctiva and cornea were consistently virus-negative. Analysis of the virus-positive cases displayed three remarkable features: 1. Secondary glaucoma was uniformly present. This in itself is an indication for culturable herpes simplex virus in the aqueous. 2. Three clinical pictures could be differentiated biomicroscopically: focal iritis, peripheral endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis. 3. In a proportion of cases, tissue damage resulting from associated immune reactions seems to be more important for the functional outcome than tissue damage by viral cytolysis itself. After having tried several antiviral substances (trifluorothymidine topically, adeninearabinoside-monophosphate intravenously, human leukocyte interferon intramuscularly and intracamerally) we presently favour a topical combination therapy consisting of trifluorothymidine and steroids. This must be complemented by cycloplegics and--in cases of high intraocular pressure--by acetazolamide.
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PMID:[Herpes simplex virus isolations from the aqueous humor of patients suffering from focal iritis, endotheliitis, and prolonged disciform keratitis with glaucoma (author's transl)]. 54 18

There were 40 virologically confirmed cases of dendritic keratitis treated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. After thermomechanical debridement of the corneal epithelium, the patients received two drops of human leukocyte interferon (HLI) twice daily. The activity was 3 X 10(-6) units/ml. HLI significantly accelerated healing and inhibited virus shedding. It remains to be studied whether HLI will be equally effective in the prophylaxis of late herpes recurrences.
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PMID:Successful treatment of dendritic keratitis with human leukocyte interferon. A controlled clinical study. 79 37


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