Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Persistent trigeminal neuralgia, herpes zoster neuralgia of the first division of the trigeminal nerve and pain caused by cancer situated in the head and neck pose frustrating problems for patients and physicians. Tractotomy and/or partial vertical nucleotomy of the subnucleus caudalis nervi trigemini offers a logical approach to the treatment of such pain, since these structures contain fibres of the Vth nerve, as well as the somatosensory fibres of the VIIth, IXth and Xth nerve. Tactile and some thermal sensitivity of the face is preserved and anaesthesia dolorosa and keratitis neuroparalytica is avoided. Over the past 30 years 370 patients with therapy-refractory trigeminal pain, pain due to cancer of the head and neck and herpes zoster trigeminal pain were treated by means of tractotomy (personal series of V. Grunert), including 30 patients who underwent partial vertical nucleotomy. The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range 54-84 years). The mortality in this series was 0.9% (4 patients; one operative mortality due to air embolism, one postoperative cardiac failure following myocardial infarction and two intracerebral haematomas). 60% of the patients with persistent trigeminal neuralgia were pain-free and 28% improved, whereas 12% were unchanged or suffered from recurrent pain. Of the patients with cancer who complained of pain derived from the Vth, VIIth, IXth and Xth nerve, 40% demonstrated marked pain relief and 60% showed no improvement. Tractotomy and partial vertical nucleotomy offer a valuable method in experienced hands for relieving pain where other methods have failed.
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PMID:[Tractotomy and partial nucleotomy as a form of therapy in refractory pain of the trigeminal nerve and cancer pain in the head and neck area]. 170 47

FPL 65447, a selective D1 receptor agonist with a potential for the acute treatment of renal and cardiac failure and of sepsis and septic shock, was administered to beagle dogs by continuous intravenous infusion for a maximum of 14 days. Ophthalmoscopical examination revealed dose-related changes in the eye and associated structures, consisting of foci of retinal discolouration, corneal changes including oedema, keratitis, opacities and neovascularisation, and inflammation of the iris, periorbital tissues, and adnexa. Microscopical examination confirmed the presence of inflammatory lesions in the eye. These were predominantly histiocytic and were mainly focal circumscribed lesions. More diffuse inflammation with a granulocytic and lymphocytic component was also encountered in the limbus and uveal tract. A predominantly interstitial histiocytic adenitis involving various glandular structures associated with the eye and adnexa was also identified. Possible mechanisms to account for the histiocytic changes are discussed.
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PMID:Ocular changes induced in the beagle dog by intravenous infusion of a novel dopaminergic compound, FPL 65447. 790 12

All eye drops raise problems of local tolerance, but with variable frequencies. They can induce pain on instillation, allergic reactions, delayed healing, punctate keratitis, disturbances of lacrimal secretion, disturbances of accommodation (especially the parasympathomimetics) and local pigmentation after prolonged use. Corticosteroids are associated with 2 major risks: chronic glaucoma and cataract, initially reversible if treatment is stopped. There is still a major risk of corneal herpes with corticosteroids. It is important to be aware of these local problems as they are responsible for poor patient compliance. The systemic effects essentially concern the agonists and antagonists of the autonomic nervous system. beta-Blocker eye drops can cause bronchospasm, heart failure, syncope and psychiatric disorders, especially at high doses and with nonselective beta-blockers. These consequences are usually related to failure to comply with the prescribing precautions. alpha-Adrenergic agonists, which exert dose-dependent effects, can induce hypertensive crises or angina attacks. Apart from patients at risk (children under the age of 30 months and the elderly), parasympathomimetics cause few systemic adverse effects; anticholinesterases, which have curare-like properties, are contraindicated for 6 weeks before general anesthesia. In the very young and the very old, atropinic eye drops carry a risk of cardiovascular collapse and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Problems may also occur with other classes of drugs such as anti-infectives, antispectics, anti-inflammatories and contact lens products. Nevertheless, it is clear that this form of treatment is generally very well tolerated in relation to the volume of eye drops prescribed by ophthalmologists each day.
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PMID:Systemic and local tolerability of ophthalmic drug formulations. An update. 809 91

Vidarabine was the first clinically approved antiviral drug, but due to safety and efficacy issues the drug is currently only used topically for herpes virus keratitis. Scientific interest in vidarabine has been recently renewed due to the fact that the compound exhibits beneficial effects in animal models of heart failure and cancer, replicating effects of the knockout of adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5). Therefore, vidarabine has been suggested to mediate these effects via selective inhibition of AC5. Based on these results, clinical studies with vidarabine in humans for heart failure and cancer have been proposed. Here, evidence is presented that vidarabine is neither a potent nor a selective AC5 inhibitor. Greatest caution should be exerted when proposing new mechanisms of actions and clinical uses for vidarabine.
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PMID:Vidarabine is neither a potent nor a selective AC5 inhibitor. 2439 24

A 47-year-old African-American woman was admitted to the intensive care unit of our community hospital for respiratory failure secondary to severe decompensated heart failure, requiring intubation. In the ensuing days, she developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection of the cornea, despite no growth of MRSA in multiple blood, sputum, and urine cultures. This unexpected corneal infection complicated her hospital stay, and increased morbidity and disease-related cost. Risk factors, warning signs, and preventative measures for MRSA keratitis secondary to lagophthalmos (inability to completely close one's eyelids) are outlined in this case report. Implementing simple precautions such as taping eyelids shut or using artificial lubrication may reduce patient morbidity and disease-related costs. These recommendations are directed to non-ophthalmic clinicians who provide care to patients in settings where MRSA colonization is widespread.
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PMID:Nosocomial keratitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report and preventative measures. 2648 12