Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a series of 1,540 corneal allografts studied since 1982. Corneal edema was the major lesion in 439 corneal specimens (28.4%). Keratitis was the largest group with 378 cases (24.5%), including 134 cases of corneal scarring (8.7%). There were 113 cases of herpes simplex virus keratitis (7.3%), mostly of the disciform stromal type, and 60 cases of non herpetic interstitial keratitis (3.9%), 44 of superficial keratitis (2.8%) and 10 of ulcerative keratitis (0.6%). Among the 17 other cases (1.1%), there were 3 of fungal keratitis, 2 syphilitic keratitis and one case of acanthamoebic keratitis. The third group was formed by corneal dystrophies with 376 cases (24.4%). There were 192 keratoconus (12.5%), 121 Fuchs' dystrophies (7.9%), 28 calcific band keratopathies (1.8%), 18 had corneal dystrophies with amyloid deposits and 16 did not. There were 169 regrafts (11%) and 135 traumatic lesions (8,8%). Among the 43 miscellaneous cases (2,8%), there were 22 cases with previous refractive eye surgery, one corneal myxoma, 5 cases of dysplasia, 5 pterigia, 3 sclerocornea, one fish-eye disease, one floppy eyelid syndrome and 5 unclassifiable cases. The mechanisms of these lesions are mainly related to an autoimmune disease in most cases of herpes keratitis. Some rare forms of corneal dystrophies contain amyloid deposits produced by an abnormal kerato-epithelin. Cases of graft failure are not particulary frequent, due to the avascularity of the cornea and its particular immune status.
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PMID:Histologic findings in a series of 1,540 corneal allografts. 1122 55

Famciclovir (FCV) is efficacious in the treatment of acute herpes zoster and recurrent genital infections but has not been used to treat ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. We evaluated the efficacy of orally administered FCV in treating HSV-1 epithelial keratitis and determined its effects on the establishment of latency and subsequent reactivation. Rabbits were inoculated with HSV-1 strain 17 syn+ and treated twice daily with increasing concentrations of FCV (60 to 500 mg/kg of body weight). This resulted in a significant, dose-dependent improvement in keratitis scores, as well as prolonged survival. Regardless of the dose of drug used, all groups exhibited the high rates of spontaneous and induced reactivation characteristic of 17syn+. The efficacy of 250 mg of FCV per kg was also compared to topical treatment with 1% trifluorothymidine (TFT). Although TFT treatment was more effective at reducing eye disease, FCV-treated rabbits had a better survival rate. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rabbit trigeminal ganglia (TG) demonstrated that FCV significantly reduced the HSV-1 copy number compared to that after treatment with TFT or the placebo but not in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, oral FCV treatment significantly reduces the severity of corneal lesions, reduces the number of HSV-1 genomes in the TG, improves survival, and therefore may be beneficial in reducing the morbidity of HSV keratitis in the clinic.
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PMID:Effect of famciclovir on herpes simplex virus type 1 corneal disease and establishment of latency in rabbits. 1140 21

Retrospective clinical trial evaluated efficacy and safety of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) within 35 children (35 eyes) aged 8 to 18 years (mean 12.6 years). All children had a long time postoperative follow-up ranged from 2 to 5 years (mean 3.2 years). Indications for PTK in children were: recurrent corneal epithelial erosion syndrome, superficial scars after keratitis "e lagophthalmo", dry spots and mucous plaques after atopic- vernal eye disease, band keratopathy, anterior corneal dystrophies, corneal scars secondary to post-infectious keratitis (post-herpes simplex corneal scarring) and following trauma. The aim of treatment were to improve visual acuity and to reduce or eliminate subjective ocular discomfort-pain, lacrimation and photophobia. Fully informed parents consent was done at all cases. There was increased the best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) in all Children, and episodes of ocular pain, lacrimation and photophobia diminished. The mean preoperative BSCVA 6/36 (ranged from 6/9 to 1/60) improved to mean value 6/12 (ranged from 6/6 to 6/60) as 2-5 years follow-up postoperatively. Seven children had 5 or more Snellen's lines gain of the BSCVA, ten children gained 4 lines, eight children gained 3 lines and five children gained 2 lines postoperatively in comparison to their preoperative values. At four cases were evaluated only 1 line gain of BSCVA, one eye unchanged, and no eye had BSCVA worsened after PTK. Phototherapeutic keratectomy in children seems to be an effective and safety procedure in the management of suitable anterior corneal disorders. Our clinical results suggest the most suitable diagnoses for treatment include recurrent corneal epithelial erosions, band keratopathy, dry spots, mucous plaques, anterior corneal dystrophies, and anterior post-keratitis and post-traumatic scars.
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PMID:[Phototherapeutic keratectomy in the treatment of corneal surface disorders in children]. 1204 43

In a recent report, the Committee on Health Risks of Contact Lenses from the Health Council of the Netherlands evaluated the health risks of contact lens wear in the Netherlands. Contact lens-related eye disease appears to be common, with an incidence of approximately 80,000 persons per year, who suffer from self-limiting or mild conditions. Such conditions are multifactorial, caused for example by chronic hypoxia, tear-film dysfunction or inadequate fit of the lens. They can range from ocular irritation to giant papillary conjunctivitis, a common cause of permanent lens intolerance. A very serious complication of contact lens wear is infectious keratitis, caused by bacteria or fungi. This is most common in users of permanent-wear soft lenses (20 per 10,000 persons per year) and can lead to a severe loss of vision. Therefore, the Committee has recommended that permanent-wear lenses should not be used. Moreover, lens fitting and follow-up of contact lens wearers should be a prerequisite for optometrists and ophthalmologists. However, the Dutch government has not taken action with respect to this last recommendation.
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PMID:[Eye problems due to contact lenses; an advisory report from the Health Council of the Netherlands]. 1223 53

The role of immunologic factors in the development of ophthalmic pathologies in persons infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) affecting the liver or in asymptomatic virus carriers (a total of 285 persons, 328 eyes) was studied. The deficit of CD3 and CD4 cells, gammopathy, increased levels of circulating immune complexes and of TNF-alpha in the serum; the deficit of IgA and an enhanced secretion of IgG in the lachrymal fluid; as well as a weakened ability of the local and systematic production of IFN-alpha were typical for a majority of patients. The most profound changes were detected in cases of uveitis; apart from the above mentioned, an increase of the CD4/CD8 index as well as of organ-specific and inter-organ immunization was found. The cases of keratitis (92% of the stromal type) were distinguished through a hypersecretion of TNF-alpha both in the serum and in the lachrymal fluid. Complicated cataracts were observed mainly in convalescents or in asymptomatic virus carriers; immune disorders were less seldom encountered in this category, as compared to the cases of eye inflammations, and basically they were local. The obtained data were considered in treatment. Imunofan, when added to the traditional therapy (symptomatic and corticosteroid one), activated the local and systematic antiviral immunity, suppressed the production of pro-viral cytokines and reduced the autoimmune reactions. As a result of this, the treatment time, the frequency rate of relapses as well as the number of anti-inflammatory and postoperative (in cataracts) complications decreased. The study results are indicative of that the immunopathological reactions, which are typical of HBV patients, can be detected at the ocular level and they can provoke ophthalmic pathologies. The nature, severity and relation between the local and systematic immune disorders predetermine, to a considerable extent, the development of an eye disease and its severity. The treatment (and prophylaxis) of HBV-associated ophthalmic pathologies require an obligatory usage of immunity-correcting means and clinical-and-immunological monitoring.
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PMID:[The role of immunopathological reactions in the development of eye diseases in persons infected by hepatitis B virus and the efficiency of immuno-correcting therapy]. 1280 Apr 83

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can be overexpressed at inflammatory sites, leading to the generation of proinflammatory prostanoids. Selective inhibitors of COX-2 have potential use in treating inflammatory conditions including ophthalmic diseases in veterinary medicine. Keratitis is considered the most common inflammatory eye disease in dogs. In this study we evaluated the expression of COX-2 in normal dog eyes and in dog eyes with keratitis by immunohistochemistry using isoform-specific antibodies. In the normal eye (n = 4), no COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the cornea. In keratitis, COX-2 (n = 12) expression was observed in all corneal layers (epithelium, stromal cells, and endothelium). COX-2 immunoreactivity was also noted in the stromal and epithelial cells of the iris and the stromal cells of the trabecular meshwork. These data indicate that COX-2 may play a pathophysiologic role in keratitis and suggest potential therapeutic implications of prostaglandin modulation in inflammatory eye diseases.
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the cornea of dogs with keratitis. 1501 24

Infections with several members of the human herpesviruses are the cause of significant ocular morbidity. Of the human herpesviruses, HSV-1 is the most frequent cause of primary and recurrent eye disease. Despite the availability of effective antiviral treatment, recurrent HSV-1 infection continues to be the leading cause of corneal blindness in industrialized nations. This review recapitulates the current insights in the role of the virus and the intra-corneal T cell response involved in the pathogenesis of human HSV-1-induced keratitis.
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PMID:Human herpes simplex virus keratitis: the pathogenesis revisited. 1562 67

We present the case report of the first identification of Acanthamoeba as a causative agent of keratitis in the Slovak Republic. For the first time, Acanthamoeba sp. Group III was isolated from a 53-year-old patient with keratitis, which was manifested after an injury of the right eye. A delayed visit to a physician as well as a late diagnosis of the illness led to the advanced stage of eye disease. As the treatment with itraconazol and cornea transplantation showed no result, enucleation of the eye was decided. Acanthamoeba ludgunensis was also the causative agent of keratitis in a 39-year-old patient wearing contact lenses. His complaints occurred a month after bathing in a thermal swimming pool. The symptoms presented in the left eye were those of herpetic keratitis, and led to a cloudy cornea with circular infliltrate and poor vision. A prompt clinical and laboratory diagnosis, along with treatment with propamidine-isetionate resulted in a significant improvement of the eye condition. Contact lenses were probably related to another case of Acanthamoeba keratitis. The patient, a 15-year-old girl, kept wearing contact lenses during bathing in various swimming pools and in the sea; her contact lenses were also regularly washed under tap water. Due to the fact that cysts of Acanthamoeba sp. group II were found in the contact lens solution, this is presumed to be the source of the eye infection.
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PMID:First cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Slovakia. 1562 46

The purpose of this study was to investigate spontaneous eye disease in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, which are commonly used for toxicity tests, and to provide reference materials for pharmaceutical companies and research centers. A total of 586 NZW rabbits were randomly chosen without sex preference and were examined using ocular equipment, including a direct ophthalmoscope, an indirect ophthalmoscope, a slit-lamp biomicroscope, a focal illuminator, and a fundus camera. This study showed that the incidence rate of temporary cataracts, regarded as a change within normal variation, was 0.5% in the NZW rabbits. Regarding abnormal ophthalmic disease, blepharitis was the most commonly observed ocular disease. Other findings included cataract, conjunctivitis, choroidal hypoplasia, keratitis, corneal scarring, eyelid laceration, posterior synechiae, uveitis, dacryocystitis, and persistent pupillary membrane. In total, the incidence rate of ophthalmic diseases was 9.6%. Based on sex and age distributions, females had more ocular diseases than males, and rabbits were less susceptible to eye diseases as they got older. In this study, photographs were taken to document findings, such as normal fundus, normal variations, ophthalmic disease, and histopathologic examination.
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PMID:Spontaneous ophthalmic diseases in 586 New Zealand white rabbits. 1636 16

World Health Organization certification criteria for onchocerciasis elimination use anterior segment eye lesion prevalence as an indicator of mass ivermectin treatment program success. Lesions either contain visible microfilaria (noninflammatory punctate keratitis [PK] or microfilariae in anterior chamber [MFAC]), or microfilaria obscured by inflammation (inflammatory PK). To assess the utility of these disease indicators, two experienced ophthalmologists independently examined persons from endemic (N = 325) and nonendemic (N = 348) Guatemalan communities. Thirty-six (11.1%) and nine (2.6%) persons from endemic and nonendemic areas respectively had lesions found by either ophthalmologist (prevalence ratio = 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.8, P < 0.001). All lesions in nonendemic areas were inflammatory PK in whom no persons were seropositive for onchocerciasis. Overall, observer agreement was moderate (Kappa = 0.49), and most (61%) discordance occurred with inflammatory PK lesions. Our findings suggest that inflammatory punctate keratitis is neither a specific nor a reliable indicator of onchocercal eye disease. Future prevalence surveys should rely upon noninflammatory lesions as disease indicators.
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PMID:The reliability of anterior segment lesions as indicators of onchocercal eye disease in Guatemala. 1717 65


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