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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author describes the phenomenon of convergent squint and ptosis of the upper eyelid caused by relasping herpetic keratitis have not been previously reported, although this possibility should be considered. This observation represents a contribution to the better understanding of herpetic eye disease in general as well as the eventual recognition of the toxic effect of the HSH virus on man in vivo. According to the author these ocular disturbances are provoked by the toxic effect of the human herpes simplex virus and are connected to its neurotropism.
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PMID:[Herpetic keratitis as a cause of disturbance of motility of the globe and upper lid (author's transl)]. 14 83

Since July 1973 cases of keratoconjunctivitis resembling epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were observed in the External Eye Disease Clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital; City Road, London. Adenovirus type 19 was isolated in human embryonic kidney cells from 21 patients. The majority were males between 20 and 40 years old. A small hospital outbreak involving six patients occurred. Clinical features of the disease, consisting of moderate to severe follicular conjunctivitis, major subepithelial punctate keratitis, sometimes with pseudomembrane and scarring, were closely similar to those of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. This similarity, as well as the ability of the agent to cause hospital outbreaks, indicates that adenovirus type 19 is a cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. A case of bilateral chronic papillary conjunctivitis that persisted for 16 months following an acute onset was described. Adeno 19 was isolated from the eye of the patient after 12 months of recrudescent or recurrent illness. Chronic adenovirus infection lacking the usual clinical picture of an acute follicular reaction has not hitherto been described. Such cases are probably important because of the obvious danger of continuing the carriage and shedding of infective adeno 19 from one outbreak to another, by presenting subsequently in eye clinics, and providing an unrecognised source of infection to initiate further outbreaks of hospital transmission.
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PMID:Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic papillary conjunctivitis in London due to adenovirus type 19. 19 Oct 54

Since herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause persistent infection of autonomic ganglia of both humans and experimentally infected animals, we followed the pattern of eye disease and viral growth after HSV inoculation of one superior cervical ganglion in rabbits. Of 27 inoculated animals, eye disease or detectable virus developed in 18. Anterior uveitis was the most common clinical manifestation (94%), but conjunctivitis and dendritic keratitis were also frequent (60%). All 12 uveal-retinal specimens tested and five of seven ipsilateral superior cervical ganglia had detectable virus. If recurrent herpetic iritis in humans is associated with persistent infection of the superior cervical ganglion, autonomic mediators might trigger episodes of virus shedding. In patients with herpetic iritis, then, the use of epinephrine and other adrenergic agonists or antagonists should be avoided.
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PMID:Herpetic eye disease in rabbits after inoculation of autonomic ganglia. 22 32

During the 18 months January 1975 to June 1976, 25 cases of acute herpetic follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis resembling adenovirus ocular infection presented in the External Eye Disease Clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London. Herpes simplex virus was isolated in HEp2 cells in 22 patients, and the remaining 3 patients were identified by a minimum 4-fold rise in the level of antiherpes simplex virus antibody in their blood. No adenovirus was isolated from these patients, but complement fixation test for adenovirus was positive in 1 patient with cultural test positive for herpes simplex virus. Most patients were between 20 and 35 years old and the ratio of males to females was 12 to 13. At the initial visit the clinical features of disease were moderate to severe conjunctival papillary and follicular reasons with epithelial and subepithelial punctate keratitis but little systemic disease. In the absence of typical herpetic lesions of face, lids, or cornea the disease resembled adenovirus types 8 or 19 keratoconjunctivitis. Of these 25 patients 5 subsequently developed typical herpetic lesions of lids or cornea. In the remaining 20 cases the correct diagnosis could be made only by cultural or serological tests. Virological diagnosis provides a rational basis for antiherpetic chemotherapy, which appears to shorten the course of infection.
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PMID:Acute follicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis due to herpes simplex virus in London. 73 65

This critical review is based upon controlled experimental and clinical data. Dendritic keratitis initially should be treated by debridement of the diseased epithelium followed by antiviral medication. The advantages and disadvantages of different debridement techniques and different synthetic antivirals are discussed. Rational treatment of other forms of herpetic eye disease with antivirals, steroids, therapeutic soft lenses, collagenase inhibitors etc. necessitates first of all an exact diagnosis (disciform edema, interstitial herpetic keratitis, herpetic (kerato-)uveitis, metaherpetic erosion, metaherpetic ulcer). Therapeutic or prophylactic measures which as yet have found no valid experimental or clinical basis are discussed as well as further developments. Special interest is laid upon the application of human interferon.
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PMID:[Herpes therapy and prophylaxis. I. A critical review (author's transl)]. 100 22

External eye disease which result in corneal scarring are an important cause of blindness in Bangladesh and at the Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex (EITC) over 200 cases of suppurative keratitis are managed each year. We reviewed the records of 127 cases of microbial keratitis to determine the relative contributions of Gram stain and culture to diagnosis of the causative organism. There were 107 culture-proven cases of microbial keratitis amongst the 127 patients in this study. Gram stain was positive in 89 cases which represents 70% of the total and 83% of all culture-proven cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas sp were the commonest bacteria isolated and Aspergillus sp and Fusarium sp the commonest fungi. In 20 cases (16%) no organism was isolated on Gram stain or culture. Our results support the use of both Gram stain and culture in isolation of the causative organism in cases of suppurative keratitis in Bangladesh. However the low cost of Gram stain and its useful recovery rates for both bacteria and fungi support its use as an initial investigation for microbial keratitis at the secondary level of eye care in rural Bangladesh.
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PMID:Suppurative keratitis in rural Bangladesh: the value of gram stain in planning management. 170 47

Application of sound ocular therapeutic principle is more difficult in food animals than most other species. Financial or husbandry constraints limit the practitioner's ability to use the entire range of ocular drugs available or to use them with adequate frequency. These problems may be dealt with by using systemically administered drugs when effective or by employing vehicles or delivery techniques that necessitate minimal dosing frequency. By far the most important medically treatable eye disease encountered in food animal practice is IBK. Effective therapies include systemic administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, subconjunctival administration of a variety of antibiotics, or topical application of benzathine cloxacillin. Infectious conjunctivitis in sheep and goats due to a variety of agents may be treated successfully with tetracycline in most cases. Conjunctivitis and keratitis secondary to IBR virus usually are given supportive therapy only, although specific antiviral drugs have been used in the treatment of herpetic eye disease in other species. Anterior uveitis is best treated by corticosteroid and mydriatic therapy in addition to treatment of the underlying cause, if identified.
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PMID:Ocular pharmacology. 176 Jul 61

Chronic relapsing polychondritis is a rare connective tissue disease of presumed autoimmunologic pathogenesis. It may involve multiple organ systems. The most characteristic signs are: relapsing inflammation of the cartilage of the outer ear, non-erosive polyarthritis, chondritis of the nasal cartilage, inflammation of different ocular tissues, inflammation of tracheal and bronchial cartilages and lesions of the inner ear. The wide range of ocular tissue involvement is discussed on the basis of two new cases with emphasis on scleritis, episcleritis, keratitis and chorioretinal involvement. Ocular disease complications that have not been published before are the massive development of subretinal stands following multiple intra- and subretinal infiltrates in the posterior pole connecting areas of chorioretinal scars. The importance of high-dose, long-term steroid therapy is stressed. In addition to steroids, immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide are sometimes mandatory to cope with severe multi-organ disease. Another option in very severe relapses may be plasma separation to improve the condition rapidly until drug therapy can be effective.
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PMID:[Chronic recurrent polychondritis. The spectrum of eye involvement]. 178 30

The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) includes three double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials for potentially blinding herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye infections. One study compares a tapering dosage of topical prednisolone or placebo eye drops for HSV stromal keratitis (HEDS-SKN). Two other trials compare oral acyclovir to placebo capsules for HSV stromal keratitis (HEDS-SKS) or iridocyclitis (HEDS-IRT) in patients on a tapering dosage of topical prednisolone drops. All medications are administered for 10 weeks. Outcome is judged by time to recurrent disease or treatment failure. This paper presents the design, estimated sample size and recruitment as of July 25, 1990.
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PMID:Design and organization of the herpetic eye disease study (HEDS). 186 86

The use of corticosteroids in the management of infectious eye disease is controversial. In this study, the authors attempt to analyze the goals and risks of the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of various forms of infectious keratitis with reference to generally recognized principles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Existing clinical and research data are reviewed in this context to make appropriate recommendations for the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, and acanthamoeba keratitis. The authors conclude that corticosteroids are definitely contraindicated in the treatment of fungal keratitis, and relatively contraindicated in the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Topical corticosteroid therapy may have a role in the treatment of bacterial keratitis if appropriate guidelines are followed.
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PMID:Use of corticosteroids in combination with antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious corneal disease. 186 34


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