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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sinus histiocytosis is a newly recognized benign disease affecting mainly children and young adults and usually having a protracted clinical course that is relatively unaffected by therapy. This paper describes four additional patients who had orbital involvement initially and reviews the salient clinical and histopathologic features of this entity. The outstanding clinical feature is cervical lymphadenopathy. Associated findings include low-grade fever, anemia, leukocytosis, and elevated IgG levels. A small percentage of patients develop proptosis with palpable orbital tumors. Such patients may not have appreciable lymphadenopathy. Progressive proptosis may lead to exposure keratitis, corneal ulceration, endophthalmitis, and loss of the eye. Histopathologically, the lymph nodes and orbital mass show a proliferation of large histiocytes intermixed with a variable proportion of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Lymphocytes and occasionally other cells derived from the hematopoietic system are commonly seen within the cytoplasm of the histiocytes.
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PMID:Orbital involvement in 'sinus' histiocytosis. A report of four cases. 92 80

Ocular complications occur in about 50% of cases of ophthalmic zoster. They include inflammatory reactions of the eyelid, conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis, secondary glaucoma, optic neuritis, internal ophthalmoplegia, ocular motor palsies and exophthalmos. Very dangerous complications are a concomitant facial paralysis and a neuroparalytic keratitis. Then a tarsorrhaphy should be done in time. An ophthalmologist should be consulted, when the side of the tip of the nose presents vesicles (Hutchinson's rule).
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PMID:[Ocular complications in ophthalmic zoster (author's transl)]. 107 72

An 8-year-old girl had an orbital-adnexal lymphangioma and ipsilateral orbital and middle cranial fossa arteriovenous malformations. High-resolution magnetic resonance image scanning, orbital ultrasonography, and digital subtraction angiography were used for diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Complications related to this vascular neoplasm included amblyopia, acute hemorrhage with proptosis, exposure keratitis, cosmetic deformity, and recurrent preseptal cellulitis. The girl was treated with both embolization and orbital surgery for recurrent hemorrhage and proptosis. We postulated that the coexistence of a lymphangioma and arteriovenous malformation represents an unusual and extensive maldevelopment of vascular embryogenesis.
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PMID:Concomitant lymphangioma and arteriovenous malformation of the orbit. 186 6

Current procedures for Graves' exophthalmos fail to achieve complete correction. The standard orbital decompressions were therefore modified to maximize the degree of volumetric increase behind the axis of the globe. In 15 orbits, the preoperative exophthalmos averaged 9.5 mm, whereas the postoperative exophthalmos was 4.1 mm. Postoperative CT study demonstrated that the remaining posterior orbital wall, combined with the persistently increased intraocular muscle volume, blocked retrodisplacement of the globe, despite adequate total volumetric increase. The increased muscle volume varied from 2 to 5 cc. Despite this residual exophthalmos, the modified four-wall expansion provides excellent aesthetic results with visual improvement and resolution of chemosis and exposure keratitis.
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PMID:Treatment of exophthalmos. 173 17

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are seen in patients with systemic vasculitides, especially Wegener's granulomatosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are helpful laboratory markers for these disease. We report on the ocular findings of six patients with systemic vasculitis who had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Four patients had systemic Wegener's granulomatosis, one had microscopic polyarteritis, and in one a specific histopathologic diagnosis could not be made. Two patients were first evaluated for systemic vasculitis because of their ocular manifestations. Ocular findings included ptosis, bilateral lacrimal gland masses, proptosis, choroidal folds, episcleritis, phlebitis, retinal and vitreous hemorrhage, keratitis sicca, and bilateral central scotomas. It was difficult to make a systemic diagnosis in all cases. If systemic vasculitis is in the differential diagnosis of a patient with suggestive ocular findings, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody testing should be considered. A prospective study of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody testing should be considered in patients with ocular findings that suggest the possibility of vasculitis.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of patients with circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. 235 Feb 86

We report on a male patient with exophthalmos of unclear etiology, basilar impression, syringohydromyelia and type II Arnold-Chiari malformation. Two diseases involving the orbital region were to be considered in differential diagnostic terms: endocrine orbitopathy and osseous orbit dysplasia. The typical physical appearance associated with basilar impression as well as suppurative keratitis in Lagophthalmos was striking. Tetraspasticity with pareses, bulbar symptoms, proximally pronounced muscular atrophy as well as a left hemihypesthesia was shown neurologically. Although the orbit CT was normal, sonography revealed thickened ocular muscles. There was euthyroidism in diffuse goiter with negative thyroid autoantibody findings. Because of lack of definitive detection of muscular swelling, tumor, or vascular anomaly in the various images, orbital dysplasia in the context of a malformation syndrome affecting several organs is suggested as the cause of the exophthalmos.
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PMID:Exophthalmos and basilar impression. A contribution to differential diagnosis of endocrine orbitopathy. 325 Nov 72

A new surgical technique is described for the relief of the ocular manifestations of dysthyroid orbitopathy. Surgical decompression of the orbit was reserved for patients who failed to respond to medical treatment. Eleven patients (nine women and two men) were followed for periods from 3 to 48 months. Visual loss was the commonest presentation and the main indication for surgery. All patients had failed to respond to medical therapy, consisting of steroid and/or radiation therapy. Three patients had previously undergone orbital decompressions with limited success. Six patients had preoperative visual acuity of worse than 20/200. Preoperative exophthalmos ranged from 24 to 35 mm (normal 16 mm). The orbits were approached by a bifrontal scalp flap with exposure of the temporal and infratemporal fossae. The orbital roof was approached transcranially. The posterior wall of the frontal sinus was removed together with the mucous lining. To maximize the decompression, the periosteum surrounding the orbital contents was incised, allowing the contents to prolapse through the newly created windows into the maxillary antrum, temporal fossa, anterior cranial fossa, and nose. During the past 3 years, 22 orbits in 11 patients have been decompressed by this technique. Symptomatic relief was obtained in all but one patient who still had significant exophthalmos with keratitis, but did have a dramatic improvement in vision. The decrease in exophthalmos ranged from 1 to 13 mm (mean 7 mm). The most dramatic improvement was in vision, with postoperative acuity of 20/20 to 20/30 in all but two patients. There were no deaths and no major morbidity.
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PMID:A four-wall orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy. 335 28

A 2-year-old female infant with a presumed diagnosis of infantile hemangioma of the left eyebrow developed acute proptosis of the left eye several days after a mild orbital trauma. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) and carotid angiography confirmed the presence of a vascularized mass in the retrobulbar space, spreading anteriorly to the orbital rim and the frontal area. Due to progression of the proptosis and the development of exposure keratitis, surgical intervention was necessary. A large vascular tumor and a massive hemorrhage occupying the orbit were removed. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a vascular malformation of the orbit, most probably orbital varices. A relatively good visual acuity was achieved after surgery by occlusion therapy.
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PMID:Congenital orbital vascular malformation complicated by massive retrobulbar hemorrhage. 366 67

The effects of orbital irradiation on Ophthalmic Graves' Disease (OGD) were evaluated in 24 patients. All patients were irradiated after a median duration of eye symptoms of 12 months (range 3-36 months). Irradiation therapy was performed for loss of visual acuity, progressive diplopia and/or keratitis due to recent progression of eye symptoms. During a follow up period of 2-4.5 years, in 11 patients after irradiation, a mean decrease in proptosis oculi of 5.1 mm was found while 8 of these patients showed a mean increase in visual acuity of 0.26. Apparently, a decrease of activity of the inflammatory process in retrobulbar tissues can be achieved after irradiation, over a longer period of time in many patients. Furthermore concomitantly administered corticosteroids could be tapered off completely in all patients. Treatment of severe OGD of recent onset with irradiation, in combination with a short course of prednisone is very effective. This study also shows that prednisone treatment alone is not very successful because of the high recurrence rate of eye sings after decrease of the dose and the many side effects of the drug.
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PMID:Radiotherapy of severe ophthalmic Graves' disease. 383 5

Wegener's granulomatosis is characterized by chronic, focal, necrotizing and granulomatous vasculitis. The localized form involves mainly the upper or lower respiratory tracts, or both. In the commoner generalized form, the kidneys are also affected. Literature findings suggest that ocular manifestations are a predominating sign in about 30% of cases. Ocular findings may include conjunctivitis, keratitis and sclerouveitis, pseudotumor of the orbit or proptosis. We report on a patient who showed bilateral episcleritis, keratitis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction and enlargement of the lacrimal gland. The latter finding was confirmed by CT scan.
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PMID:Lacrimal gland enlargement as one of the ocular manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. 398 92


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