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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied a total of 27 cases of fungal keratitis is Saudi Arabia. History of trauma was found in 9 patients, and previous use of topical steroids in 6 patients. In the majority of patients the onset of the disease was in fall and spring. The most frequent cause of fungal keratitis was found to be Aspergillus spp., and these were isolated from 11 cases (41%). Eight of the 11 isolates were Aspergillus flavus. Other causes of keratomycosis included: Fusarium, Candida, and Mycelia sterilia. All patients were treated with antifungal therapy and 18 patients required surgical intervention. Vision improved among 11 patients, remained the same in 4 patients, and deteriorated after treatment in 6 patients. (6 patients failed to return for follow-up.) Four of the 27 patients developed fungal endophthalmitis. The high prevalence of Aspergillus spp. may be due to the fact that spores of Aspergillus can survive the hot and dry weather of Saudi Arabia.
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PMID:Fungal keratitis in Saudi Arabia. 160 Aug 44

Ocular infections are still quite common and their clinical presentation is variable; some of them may lead to blindness. In this paper only severe infections like keratitis and endophthalmitis are considered. The rationale for treatment and prophylaxis is based upon bacteriological findings, understanding of ocular barriers and pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents.
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PMID:[Principles of the treatment of ocular infections]. 162 Oct 52

A retrospective study of 35 patients undergoing evisceration at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London between 1982 and 1987, revealed that 60% were known to be suffering from neovascular glaucoma, the majority as a result of a central retinal vein occlusion. 76% of these rubeotic eyes subsequently developed an endophthalmitis and required evisceration. 81% of this rubeotic, infected group were being treated with topical steroids prior to developing a suppurative keratitis and ensuing endophthalmitis. Every patient (9) with neovascular glaucoma that was debilitated (due to a variety of underlying medical conditions--4 were diabetic) developed an endophthalmitis and 78% of these were also using topical steroids. This study reveals that there may be a specific group of patients with absolute neovascular glaucoma, i.e. being debilitated and using topical steroids, who might appear to be susceptible to developing severe intraocular infection.
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PMID:Neovascular glaucoma, endophthalmitis and evisceration. 192 22

We report three patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Two patients in the Intense Care Unit had exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis assessed by histopathology; the infection had probably a nosocomial origin and the outcome was fatal. The third case was associated with the use of soft contact lenses and even though clinically endophthalmitis was suspected there was a favourable response to treatment. We review diagnostic aspects and discuss the management of bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis.
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PMID:[Keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and secondary endophthalmitis]. 195 62

Recurrent keratomycosis is reported due to the coelomycete Sphaeropsis subglobosa, which has not been recognised previously as a human pathogen. Infection followed corneal injury by a frayed bamboo cane with implantation of its splinters. Initial successful therapy with 2% clotrimazole topically, to which it was sensitive, was followed by recurrent infection after 39 months, initially a keratitis but progressing to an endophthalmitis. Penetrating keratoplasty was necessary to eradicate the infection. Further isolation of the fungus showed that it had not developed resistance to clotrimazole but had survived dormant, deep in the corneal stroma. S. subglobosa should be considered in bamboo-associated and horticultural injuries.
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PMID:Sphaeropsis subglobosa keratomycosis--first reported case. 201 15

Serious complications of radial keratotomy are infrequent, but include: iridocyclitis, microbial keratitis, endophthalmitis, corneal perforation, and traumatic wound rupture. We report a case of retinal detachment following microperforation during radial keratotomy.
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PMID:Retinal detachment following radial and astigmatic keratotomy. 206 19

Corneal blindnesses make up a main public health problem in numerous developing countries where they constitute a sign of low sanitary level. The main diseases which cause corneal blindnesses are: Trachoma. Xerophthalmia. Measles. Corneal ulcerations and keratitis. Onchocercosis. Neonatorum ophthalmia. Leprosy. Injuries. Some therapeutic practices. Epidemiological analysis leads to the definition of risk groups: Small children. Isolated rural communities. Unhealthy urban communities. Out of place populations. Under-fed populations. Only a joint prevention can be able to fight against this social, economic, a human plague constituted by corneal blindnesses. Simple prevention measures which are often not very expensive, showed their efficiency. They are as follows: Individual and collective hygiene measures. Improvement of alimentary conditions. Earliness and quickness in ocular care. Vaccination against measles. Improvement of the care to mother and child. Sanitary education for prevention. These prevention tasks are supported by the health workers who are spread out inside the population. Their formation, the means they are granted with constitute a main priority which has to be taken into account in the choices and the decisions to be made in order to fight against blindness linked with cornea opacification with efficacy.
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PMID:Corneal blindnesses in tropical environment. 213 84

There is a new trend in the US government's perception regarding health care today. It involves an increased awareness of how disease can be prevented and health promoted. The US government is supporting this concept with its Healthy People 2000 project. Specific pediatric concerns about health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology include amblyopia and strabismus, ophthalmia neonatorum, ocular trauma, radiation injury, xerophthalmia, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, infections and metabolic and genetic disorders. Adult health promotion/disease prevention priorities include glaucoma; trauma; diabetic retinopathy; corneal problems; iatrogenic infections; exposure keratitis; ocular toxicity from drugs, chemicals, and the environment; visual loss from neglect; and those mentioned in the pediatric area.
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PMID:Health promotion and disease prevention in ophthalmology. 221 91

Pseudomonas cepacia has recently become recognized as a virulent pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections in hosts with altered immunity. It has been implicated in endophthalmitis and conjunctivitis, and is resistant to conventional antipseudomonal therapy. No cases of P. cepacia keratitis have been reported in the literature. We report such a case in association with topical steroid and contact lens use following penetrating keratoplasty. In addition, we developed an experimental model of P. cepacia keratitis in the rabbit. P. cepacia should be considered as a cause of infectious keratitis especially in nosocomial infections in immunocompromised corneas.
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PMID:Pseudomonas cepacia keratitis. 264 11

Radial keratotomy for myopia and transverse keratotomy for astigmatism are the most commonly performed refractive surgical procedures. A decade of experience with modern techniques has produced considerable literature on the complications of keratotomy. Vision-threatening complications (bacterial keratitis, traumatic rupture of the globe through weakened keratotomy scars, endophthalmitis, cataract formation from surgical trauma to the lens) are quite rare, occurring in less than 1% of eyes in published series. The most common side effects affect most patients in the first few months after surgery: pain for 24 to 48 hours, transient glare and light sensitivity, and fluctuating visual acuity. The most common persistent complications are overcorrection and undercorrection. Persistent irregular astigmatism occurs in almost all cases in the region of the incision scars, but it is rarely severe enough to reduce spectacle acuity. Most individuals have mild glare, but this is rarely disabling. Diurnal variation of refraction in visual acuity occurs commonly, but the magnitude of the fluctuation is seldom enough to require multiple pairs of spectacles. Longterm refractive stability occurs in approximately half of eyes by six months, but approximately one in four eyes will experience continued change over six months to four years. Complications, such as scarring from intersecting keratotomy incisions, irregular astigmatism resulting from multiple reoperations, and overcorrections with the attendant early onset of symptomatic presbyopia are becoming much less frequent.
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PMID:Complications of radial and transverse keratotomy. 268 58


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