Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously unreported adverse drug reactions can be difficult to detect and it may be even more difficult to establish a cause and effect relationship, particularly if the adverse reactions mimic naturally occurring disease. In a previous paper we reported 29 patients with granulomatous anterior uveitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, periorbital dermatitis, marginal keratitis and elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP), suspected to be caused by metipranolol (Glauline). With the approval of the District Ethics Committee 7 of those patients were rechallenged with metipranolol 0.3% compared to timolol maleate 0.5% in a double blind trial. The 7 metipranolol treated eyes developed an adverse reaction within 14 days. Metipranolol (Glauline) has been conclusively proven to cause granulomatous anterior uveitis, blepharoconjunctivitis and elevation in IOP, adverse effects never previously reported with any of the ophthalmic topical beta-blockers. The multidose preparations of metipranolol (Glauline) in all three strengths 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.6% and the single dose minim preparation of metipranolol 0.6% have now been withdrawn from clinical use in the United Kingdom.
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PMID:Metipranolol-induced adverse reactions: I. The rechallenge study. 135 78

Since July 1985, 23 patients have been entered into a phase I/II clinical trial using intraarterial 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) (400-600 mg/m2 daily for 8.5 weeks) and focal external beam radiotherapy (59.4 Gy at 1.8 Gy daily in 6.5 weeks) in the treatment of malignant gliomas (Kernohan grades 3 and 4). The side effects in all patients have included varying degrees of anorexia, fatigue, ipsilateral forehead dermatitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. Mucopurulent conjunctivitis and exposure keratitis developed in several patients and spontaneous corneal perforation developed in one. Eyes from two individuals examined at autopsy showed significant changes. Animal studies that predated clinical trials using rhesus monkeys did not predict the ophthalmologic complications seen in human subjects.
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PMID:The ocular effects of intracarotid bromodeoxyuridine and radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant glioma. 218 31

Hematoporphyrin (HP), at concentrations as low as 0.5 microgram/ml, was found to inhibit the in vitro replication of influenza A and herpes simplex viruses, but not of several other viruses. The effect required exposure of the viruses or cells to visible light and was demonstrable when HP was administered shortly before virus inoculation or during the infection. In studies on the mechanism of action of HP, we found that in the presence of light, HP caused decomposition of GMP but not of various other nucleosides. It caused breakdown of yeast tRNA and inhibited polymerization of RNA and DNA by influenza virus and HSV-1-specific polymerases as well as some other polymerases isolated from bacterial and mammalian sources. Protective effects of HP and light were demonstrable in embryonated eggs infected with the WSN and PR8 strains of influenza A virus and in mice infected with the WSN strain. HSV-1-induced keratitis in rabbits and HSV-2-induced dermatitis in mice were not responsive to HP treatment.
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PMID:Photodynamic inactivation of influenza and herpes viruses by hematoporphyrin. 302 46

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a unique form of zoster dermatitis associated with a high rate of ocular complications that tend to be chronic and may cause vision loss. The ocular complications are highly varied, with keratitis and uveitis being more persistent sequellae of HZO. Oral acyclovir treatment of acute HZO reduces the incidence of the more common ocular complications, including keratitis and uveitis. Although patients treated early in the course of this disease experience a greater clinical response, treatment as late as seven days after onset of cutaneous lesions confers a beneficial prophylactic effect with respect to the ocular complications of HZO.
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PMID:Reduction of the ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus by oral acyclovir. 304

Onchocerciasis can cause severe dermal and ocular disease due, it is thought, to the events surrounding the destruction of the microfilarial stage. The evolution of papular pruritic dermatitis and punctate keratitis is clearly related to the killing of microfilariae. Other more chronic changes such as dermal and epidermal atrophy are probably due to repeated episodes of microfilarial killing. It is common to find that not all patients are, at any one time, mounting clinically obvious destructive host responses against the microfilariae, and such individuals can carry very high loads of parasites without any apparent adverse effects. The immunological basis of the differences between these types of patients forms one of the most important questions in the pathogenesis of onchocerciasis today. Various explanations are now emerging. These include immunosuppressive factors and variation in the form of Onchocerca volvulus antigens presented to the host. Clinical presentations of this disease appear to reflect variations in host responses and can be used to provide information concerning the protective immune responses an individual can mount against this parasite.
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PMID:Clinical responses in human onchocerciasis: parasitological and immunological implications. 329 60

Dermatitis associated with Fusarium sp infection developed in 3 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and 3 gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) at the National Zoological Park in Washington DC. The lesions were papular or nodular and were distributed mainly on the face, trunk, and flippers. One sea lion died 6 weeks after extensive cutaneous involvement. The lesions regressed after 1 mild exacerabtion in the other 2 sea lions. In the gray seals, the skin condition appeared to worsen during the summer and to regress during the winter, despite oral and topical treatment with miconazole and thiabendazole. Fusarium sp was repeatedly isolated from biopsy specimens of lesions. Hyperplasia of epidermal and follicular epithelium was associated with acute and chronic inflammation and fungal hyphae. The species of the fungus in 1 of the gray seals was determined to be F solani, a type occasionally associated with keratitis and opportunistic infections in human beings. Initial excessive chlorination and high fluctuating pool temperatures attributed to a faulty water treatment system were considered as factors in promoting fungal growth.
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PMID:Cyclic dermatitis associated with Fusarium sp infection in pinnipeds. 732 3

We report a case of rapidly progressive varicella zoster virus retinitis, which is distinct from acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The patient was a 52-year-old male and suffered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two months after the varicella zoster dermatitis in the distribution of the first division of the left trigeminal nerve, pseudodendritic keratitis and iridocyclitis were observed in the left eye. After 5 weeks, multifocal and patchy white exudates were observed in the peripheral deeper layer of the retina in the left eye, but retinal vasculitis in the exudative lesions was slight. Despite systemic administration of acyclovir, white exudates progressed confluently from the periphery to the post pole of the retina and reached the macula in 10 weeks. Eight weeks after the observation of lesions in the left eye, we found the same lesions in the right eye. After the white exudative lesions disappeared, the retina became atrophic and the retinal vessels were narrowed, but no retinal detachment was observed. Recently, Foster and associates described the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis as a new entity of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS patients. We think our case was very similar to the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis. This case shows that we must carefully follow up the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in the AIDS patients with a varicella zoster dermatitis.
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PMID:[Rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 782 11

In the forests of western Uganda onchocerciasis is transmitted by Simulium neavei s.s. Since little is known about the infection transmitted by this vector, a survey was made in 1991 with special regard to adult persons of 15 years and older in the 13 villages of the parish Kigoyera 40 km northeast of Fort Portal. 3268 (52%) of the 6271 registered inhabitants were examined clinically and parasitologically. The highest microfilaria (mf) densities were found on the buttocks, lower ones on the shoulders and the lowest on the ankles. In the parish the standardised prevalence of mf carriers was 62%. The crude prevalences of adult mf carriers ranged from 80% to 95% in the 13 villages. Densities of 100 mf/snip or more were found in 25% of male persons. The community microfilarial load (CMFL) in skin snips from the buttocks was 49 mf/snip, ranging from 22 to 93 in the 13 villages. The standardised prevalence of nodule carriers was 25% and the mean nodule load was 1.9 nodules per nodule carrier. Among 3420 nodules 90% were found on the pelvic girdle. The standardised prevalence of onchocercal dermatitis was 19%. The crude rates ranged within the age groups in males from 20% to 45% and in females from 16% to 41%. The standardised prevalence of persons presenting mf in the anterior chamber of the eye was 24% and the CMFL in the anterior chamber ranged between 1.2 and 3.3 mf/chamber in six villages. Standardised rates were 1.6% for sclerosing keratitis and 0.9% for reduced vision of 3/60 or less. These prevalences of eye lesions are comparable to those observed in West African forest areas. The CMFLs and the prevalences of mf and nodule carriers represent suitable criteria for community diagnosis of S. neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in Uganda to guide ivermectin treatment, whereas the prevalence of "leopard skin" is not useful. Immigrants living less than five years in the endemic focus should be excluded from the assessment of mf carrier rates and those living there less than ten years from rapid assessment of nodule carrier rates.
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PMID:Parasitological and clinical characterization of Simulium neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in western Uganda. 813 73

The goal of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer is to destroy cancer cells and preserve functional surrounding normal cells. Although all radiation for pediatric cancers does not result in complications of the eye, acute and long-term radiation effects can occur after treatment. Acute radiation effects to the eye include erythema, epilation, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, iritis, and retinal edema. Long-term radiation effects include tissue necrosis, decreased tear production, telangiectasia, scleral melting, cataract, corneal neovascularization, radiation retinopathy, retarded bone growth (of bones within the irradiated field), and radiation-induced cancers. Nursing interventions and implications will be presented in conjunction with medical management for each of these acute and long-term effects.
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PMID:Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. 826 86

The Manchineel tree is an evergreen widely distributed in tropical regions. The toxic nature of Manchineel has been known since the early sixteenth century. Contact with its milky sap (latex) produces bullous dermatitis and acute keratoconjunctivitis. We identified 19 patients who had ocular injuries caused by Manchineel between 1985 and 1990 and were able to review 12. All of these patients had been treated by lavage, cycloplegia, and topical antibiotics. Of 20 episodes of exposure 14 affected both eyes. The cornea was damaged in 16 episodes, the extent varying from large corneal epithelial defects to superficial punctate keratitis. The epithelial changes had resolved in a mean period of 3.75 days (range 1 to 14 days). Two episodes caused stromal infiltration to appear and in one of these a stromal opacity remained 5 years later. The final visual acuity was 6/9 or better in all eyes except in one patient who had visual impairment because of glaucoma. Our results suggest that despite the severity of the acute reaction, the long term visual prognosis is excellent in Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis. The historical and toxicological literature on Manchineel is reviewed.
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PMID:Manchineel keratoconjunctivitis. 831 64


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