Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

8-Hydroxyquinoline and several of its derivatives inactivate the transforming ability of Rous sarcoma virus and inhibit its ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity. The copper complex of these metal-binding ligands is as active as the free ligand. The activity of the 8-hydroxyquinolines is approximately 50-fold more effective than another group of metal-binding compounds that we have tested, the thiosemicarbazones. In contrast to the potency of the 8-hydroxyquinolines to inactivate Rous sarcoma virus, no intracellular inhibition of transformation could be demonstrated at a concentration that did not affect the growth and appearance of the cells. Cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent than was ribonucleic acid or protein synthesis. The phenomenon of "concentration quenching" was observed with high concentrations of drug, causing less inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis than was observed with lower concentrations. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was inactivated also by the 8-hydroxyquinolines and their copper complexes. No intracellular inhibition of plaque formation was observed. Treatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate had no effect on the resolution of herpetic keratitis in rabbits. Some 8-hydroxyquinolines bind to deoxyribonucleic acid in the presence of copper, a phenomenon that may be important in their antiviral activity.
 ...
PMID:Hydroxyquinolines inhibit ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and inactivate Rous sarcoma virus and herpes simplex virus. 18 49

Only a few isolated cases of endophthalmitis have Corynebacterium been implicated as etiology. This diphtheroid, which has been considered for a long time as a nonpathogenic contaminant from the conjunctival flora, may produce systemic diseases usually in immuno-deficient patients. Keratitis and endophthalmitis cases have been reported in the literature. We report three cases of chronic endophthalmitis after extracapsular extraction with intraocular chamber posterior lens which are characterized by many subacute iridocyclitis and vitritis attacks treated by topical steroids. These endophthalmitis are characterized by decrease of visual acuity, hypopion, white plaque on posterior capsule and vitritis. In the first case, Corynebacterium has been isolated from the culture of vitreous and in the second and third cases from the culture of aqueous humor. These bacteria are often very slow growing, 8 to 14 days in the 3 cases. Colonies may not become visible on culture plates before one week or more. Corynebacterium grow well on ordinary media (blood and chocolate agar). The major difficulty is not to discard organism frequently considered contaminants. The treatment associated systemic antibiotherapy with steroids or not, central capsulotomy and vitrectomy with intraocular injection of antibiotic with or without steroids. Antibiotics sensitivities among diphteroids vary greatly. Quinolones, penicillins, vancomycin, cyclines and aminosides are often a good choice. However, individual sensitivities determined by the antibiogram must be used for an appropriate treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic Corynebacterium endophthalmitis. Apropos of 3 cases]. 129 92

We cared for two patients with longstanding vernal keratoconjunctivitis who had bacterial corneal ulcers in each eye. Both patients were young, black, and had histories of atopy. The patients came for treatment with acute symptoms of pain, redness, and reduced vision in the affected eye. On examination in each case we found an epithelial defect associated with dense stromal infiltration, a calcific plaque in the bed of the ulcer, and a severe anterior chamber reaction, including a hypopyon in two cases. Cultures of corneal scrapings from all four eyes were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and three of the four infections were polymicrobial. All four eyes responded rapidly to intensive topical antibiotic therapy, debridement of the calcific plaque, and subsequent treatment with topical corticosteroids and/or cromolyn sodium. Bacterial keratitis can occur in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, especially those with vernal corneal ulcers. The abnormalities of ocular immune mechanisms found in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis may predispose them to bacterial keratitis.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial keratitis associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 142 58

A 35-year-old man had developed recurrent herpetic keratitis characterized by dendritic keratitis at intervals of a year. We were able to culture cytopathic agents repeatedly from his lesions by inoculating Vero cells. The cultures yielded definitive evidence of a virus that caused a cytopathic effect within 3 days. However, these virus strains could not be identified as herpes simplex virus (HSV) in immunofluorescence assays using the Syva MicroTrak HSV1/HSV2 direct specimen identification/typing test. Rather they were identified as strains of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) on the basis of plaque morphology, neutralization tests, electron-microscopic examination and DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Our results allow us to assume the existence of HSV-1 strains isolated clinically that are negative to analysis using the Syva Micro-Trak HSV1/HSV2 direct specimen identification/typing test.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent herpetic keratitis: failure to detect herpes simplex virus infection using the Syva MicroTrak HSV1/HSV2 direct specimen identification/typing test. 196 28

It has been shown that the use of interferon (IFN) alone has little or no therapeutic effect in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. However, IFN used in combination with anti-herpetic agents has high therapeutic efficacy. This interaction between IFN and anti-herpetic agents has not been elucidated clearly. In this study, the interaction between human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) and anti-herpetic agents, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU), aciclovir (ACV) and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), was studied in vitro using VERO cells. After the formation of a monolayer of VERO cells, HuIFN-beta of various concentrations was added to the maintenance medium. After 24 hours incubation, the medium was removed and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 was inoculated on the VERO cells. Then, anti-herpetic agents were added to the medium in various concentrations. After 48 hours incubation, plaques were counted and the reduction rate in numbers of plaque was calculated. It was found that the combination of HuIFN-beta with IDU, ACV or DHPG worked synergistically in the inhibition of HSV replication.
 ...
PMID:Effects on herpes simplex virus type 1 of combined use of interferon-beta and anti-herpetic agents in vitro. 216 62

The detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen by means of an enzyme amplified ELISA was investigated for rapid screening of acyclovir (ACV) resistance. Vero cell monolayers were inoculated in the presence of different concentrations of ACV. When cytopathic effect was present, the culture supernatants were tested by ELISA. The absorbance values were found to correlate with the results of virus yield and plaque reduction assays. The comparison between absorbance values obtained in the presence of 10 microM ACV and in the absence of drug provided the basis for a simplified sensitivity test. The use of a single ACV concentration allowed discrimination between ACV-resistant and ACV-sensitive reference strains, the detection of ACV-resistant virus mixed in the proportion of 10% with ACV-sensitive virus, and a study of the emergence of an ACV-resistant virus population in serial samples taken from experimental rabbit keratitis. The simplified susceptibility assay is a sensitive and convenient method for rapid screening of HSV resistance to ACV.
 ...
PMID:Simplified test for detecting the resistance of herpes simplex virus to acyclovir. 216 44

Thirty-five clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) from 34 patients (35 eyes) with herpetic keratitis were examined in vitro for 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) and acyclovir (ACV) sensitivity. In addition, the effect of clinical treatment with these two drugs in herpetic keratitis was also investigated. The viral effective dose50 (ED50) was defined as the concentration that inhibited the plaque count by 50% compared to the count of the no drug controls. The viral ED50 of IDU ranged from 0.073 to 0.77 micrograms/ml (0.33 +/- 0.16; Mean +/- SD) and that of ACV from 0.0032 to 0.33 micrograms/ml (0.13 +/- 0.11). No virus with markedly diminished sensitivity to IDU and ACV was found. These results suggest that all HSV-1 strains isolated from patients have good sensitivity in vitro to antiviral agents.
 ...
PMID:[In vitro sensitivity to antiviral agents of herpes simplex viruses isolated from patients with herpetic keratitis]. 217 5

Recently three strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which did not react with Micro Trak Herpes (Syva Co.), were isolated by us from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis. In this study we characterized these strains of HSV-1 and found them to be HSV-1 gC- mutants which are very rare isolates from humans. The properties of the HSV-1 strains regarding plaque morphology on Vero cells and chick embryo fibroblasts and viral DNA analysis were the same as those of the usual HSV-1 strains. An immunofluorescence study using anti-gC-1 monoclonal antibody and SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabeled viral glycoproteins showed that these strains are deficient in gC-1. They were virulent for mice and sensitive to acyclovir and bromovinyldeoxyuridine. Furthermore the infectivity of the strains was inactivated by complement though the phenomenon was not observed in the usual HSV-1 strains. This finding suggests that protection from damages by complement is an important function of gC. In keratitis the effects of complement are thought to be minimal because of the scanty blood supply and this may be the reason why these strains were isolated from the cornea.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of glycoprotein C-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from a patient with keratitis. 217 56

The quantitative adherence of a keratitis isolate of Acanthamoeba polyphaga to low- and high-water content non-ionic soft contact lenses and one type of rigid gas-permeable lens was investigated. Adherence of trophozoite and cyst forms of the organism was observed in vitro, and adherent amoebae counted by a plaque assay method following detachment. Trophozoites adhered to all lens types with adherence being statistically significantly greater to high water content soft lenses. Cyst attachment occurred only to the soft lenses but not to gas-permeable lenses, and was significantly higher for the high water content lenses. Attachment of cysts was significantly lower than that of trophozoites to each lens tested. Recommended cleaning procedures using two commercial solutions removed all adherent trophozoites and cysts from lenses. These studies demonstrate (i) that lenses may act as a vector in Acanthamoeba keratitis, particularly for high-water content lenses and trophozoite amoebae, (ii) that lens cleaning agents may prevent keratitis by removing adherent Acanthamoeba.
 ...
PMID:Acanthamoeba adherence to contact lenses and removal by cleaning agents. 222 89

Synergistic anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity between acyclovir (ACV) and recombinant human interferon alpha A2 (IFN) was detected in cell cultures derived from human corneas. This activity was demonstrated when cells were infected at high multipicities of infection (5 pfu/cell) in both cytopathic effect reduction and yield reduction assays as well as in plaque reduction assays at low multiplicities. The synergistic effects occurred over a 30-fold range of concentrations of IFN (6-200 IU/ml) and ACV (0.15-5 microM) at various ratios of the drugs. The augmentation of antiviral activity was greatest when cells were treated with IFN prior to infection and ACV following infection. The addition of IFN after infection, with simultaneous ACV treatment, also resulted in enhanced anti-HSV-1 activity. The combination of IFN with ACV did not increase the cytotoxicity of ACV. The synergistic antiviral activity in corneal cells may account for the previously reported enhanced efficacy of combined treatment with IFNs and nucleoside analogs for therapy of herpetic keratitis.
 ...
PMID:Synergistic antiherpes virus activity of acyclovir and interferon in human corneal stromal cells. 246 6


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>