Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Accra, Ghana, reaching a peak in July 1987. Individuals ranging from infants to adults over 50 years were infected, with those between 20 and 30 years being the most affected group. There was a female preponderance. Clinical features included conjunctivitis, subconjunctival haemorrhage and ocular pain. Some patients reported of blurred vision due to mild keratitis. Isolation of virus from clinical specimens of AHC patients was successful only in cells of human origin such as HeLa and FL. Coxsackie virus A24 variant (CA 24v) was identified as the aetiologic agent. This is the first report to associate CA 24v with an epidemic of AHC in Africa, south of the Sahara, which is outside the endemic area of Southeast Asia and the Caribbeans. This finding suggests that earlier outbreaks of AHC in Ghana and Africa may have been due to CA 24v but went undetected. The results of various tests performed during this study suggest that, at least, two antigenically different viruses of CA 24v circulated during the course of this epidemic.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Coxsackie virus A24 variant in Ghana. 196 35

Rapid diagnosis of viral diseases of the outer eye was attempted by means of immunohistochemical methods. Specimens were obtained with a nitrocellulose membrane, used as a blotter of immunoblotting test. An impression of the corneal or conjunctival surface was obtained by anesthetizing the eye and lightly pressing the membrane against the tissues. In some cases, scraping materials were taken on a slide glass. Viral antigens in the specimens were detected by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, ABC system (Vectastain), or immunofluorescence. Four common diseases were studied. Dendritic corneal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) were impressed on the membrane, and exhibited exact duplicates of lesions which were composed of PAP-positive epithelial cells. Under a high magnification, pathologic changes such as margination of chromatin, intranuclear inclusion bodies, and multinucleated giant cells were observed. Of 27 cases of epithelial herpetic keratitis, 25 showed positive results. The impression can permit examination of a minute lesion, therefore, is superior to scraping. Dendritic lesions caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have a characteristic morphology different from those of HSV. Impressions showed the virus antigen, when treated with fluorescein-labeled anti-VZV monoclonal antibody. Appearance of such a dendrite in disorders of unknown cause indicates the etiology. Conjunctival impressions of adenovirus (Adv) conjunctivitis examined by the PAP method revealed Adv-antigen containing cells. Of 64 cases analyzed, 24 PAP-positive cases were compared with the 35 culture-proven cases. The sensitivity of PAP method was 69%, and the specificity was 97%. The detection rate varied according to serotype, and was especially low (33%) in type 3. Guinea pig antisera with high titers against enterovirus type 70 (EV70) and a variant of coxsackievirus A type 24 (CA24v), the causative viruses of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), were obtained. Using these sera as the primary antibody, the antigen of each virus was localized in the cytoplasm of infected HeLa cells by either ABC, or immunofluorescence. Conjunctival cells from patients with EV70 AHC were antigen-positive for 3 days after the onset of disease. Though epidemics of CA24v AHC have only been experienced in Okinawa, sporadic cases have been observed in other districts of Japan.
 ...
PMID:[Viral diseases of the outer eye--rapid diagnosis by immunohistochemistry]. 227 34

The 260 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis seen at Siriraj Hospital during October to December, 1992 were studied. Evidence of coxsackie virus A24 variant (CA24v) infections was demonstrated in 76.8% of 95 cases. The isolation rates from conjunctival swabs and throat swabs were 68.2% and 32.8%, respectively. A four-fold rising titer of neutralizing antibody was shown in 59.5% of 42 cases. The disease was characterized by a short incubation period, sudden onset, a mild and self-limited course within 5 days without ocular sequelae. Lacrimation, swelling lida, itching, foreign body sensation and periorbital pain were common features with bilateral involvement in the majority of cases. Approximately 48% of eyes had a mucopurulent discharge. Preauricular lymphadenopathy, keratitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage were observed in 16.2%, 12.6%, and 10.1% of affected eyes, respectively. Respiratory disturbances accompanied the eye signs in some cases. Only one case developed neurological complications: facial palsy was observed for three months without recovery.
 ...
PMID:Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in Thailand, 1992. 927 84

T-cell activation in the absence of costimulation is futile because T-cells deprived of costimulatory signals enter a state of unresponsiveness or anergy. The interaction of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) activates an important costimulatory pathway with diverse and important roles in immune regulation. Signals relayed through 4-1BB generate strong CD8(+) T-cell responses rather than CD4(+) T-cell responses; this action results in cytokine induction and promotes T-cell survival. In recent years, 4-1BB-mediated immune regulation has gained great significance because of the seemingly contradictory dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB in vivo disease models. To date, agonistic 4-1BB monoclonal antibody has shown therapeutic potential against a variety of tumors, CD4(+) T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, blockade of 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction has produced therapeutic effects against coxsackievirus-induced myocardial inflammation, herpetic stromal keratitis, and graft rejection. We propose that the dual roles of agonistic anti-4-1BB--an enhanced effector function and a suppressor function--are mediated by a novel CD11c(+)CD8(+) T-cell population.
 ...
PMID:Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB and its ligand. 1644 48