Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Markedly reduced vision and a shallow anterior chamber suggest acute glaucoma. A mucopurulent discharge suggests conjunctivitis. An abnormal cornea may suggest acute glaucoma or keratitis. An abnormal pupil is seen with both acute glaucoma and iritis.
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PMID:Overview of the red eye. 146 34

To determine the efficacy of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) keratitis, topical administration of 0.3% ciprofloxacin was compared with topical 5.0% vancomycin or 5.0% cefazolin in experimental infections in the rabbit eye. The infections were established by intrastromal injection of 100 colony forming units (CFU) of MRSA, which resulted in greater than 10(6) CFU per cornea by 12 hr postinfection. Chemotherapy (one drop every 15 min) was given from 4-9, 10-15, or 10-20 hr postinfection. Early therapy (4-9 hr postinfection) with ciprofloxacin rendered all eyes free of bacteria; ciprofloxacin was significantly more effective than vancomycin or cefazolin. When treatment was initiated 6 hr later (10-15 hr postinfection), no corneas became free of bacteria, but ciprofloxacin was again more effective than vancomycin or cefazolin. Bacterial killing by ciprofloxacin after treatment from 10-20 hr postinfection was also significantly greater than that of vancomycin. Overall, the results show that ciprofloxacin is effective in killing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and is most effective when applied during the very early stages of infection.
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PMID:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in the rabbit: therapy with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and cefazolin. 148 41

The tandem scanning confocal microscope (TSM) was adapted for in vivo examination of the cornea in rabbits with experimental bacterial and fungal keratitis. Compared to slit lamp biomicroscopy, the TSM provides superior lateral and axial resolution and serial optical sectioning capability, which may be useful for identification of corneal pathogens in the early stages of infection. We used the TSM to examine normal rabbit eyes infected with bacteria (Bacillus cereus) and a filamentous fungus (Aspergillus). We also examined a human cornea removed by penetrating keratoplasty after a clinical diagnosis of amoebic keratitis. In the early stages of bacterial infection, slit lamp examination revealed a nonspecific minimal stromal haze and limbal injection indistinguishable from sterile ulcers and epithelial defects. With the TSM, bacteria were visible as highly refractile bodies in the epithelium and superficial stroma. Branching fungal hyphae were also easily identified by the TSM, as were Acanthamoeba cysts and parasites in the subepithelial stroma. Our results indicate that this technique may provide a new modality for quickly and accurately identifying the agent of corneal infection, thereby facilitating prompt and appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Early diagnosis of infectious keratitis with in vivo real time confocal microscopy. 149 29

We report the etiological profile and management with simple patch, tarsorrhaphies, conjunctival flaps, tissue adhesive, or penetrating keratoplasty of 104 chronic corneal perforations in a North India population. Chronic corneal perforations were observed in infective keratitis, degenerative keratolysis, neurotrophic keratitis, chemical burns, dry eyes, collagen vascular diseases, and following cataract extraction. A two-stage tissue adhesive application and adhesive-assisted debridement of epithelial lining at the cornea surface of perforation were important factors in healing. Although penetrating keratoplasties brought comparable anatomical and functional success in these cases, in developing countries, where facilities for keratoplasty and availability of corneal donor is poor, detection and management of small perforations in diseased cornea with tissue adhesive is recommended.
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PMID:Chronic corneal perforations. 151 36

We describe a tarsorrhaphy technique whereby an ipsilateral upper-eyelid tarsal pillar is sutured to a corresponding lower-eyelid recipient site. This technique allows maintenance of a narrowed interpalpebral fissure indefinitely, yet is easy to reverse without incurring lid-margin damage. Additionally, the procedure can be adjusted postoperatively to either narrow or widen the initial surgical result. We report our combined surgical experience in 35 consecutive procedures using this technique to treat eyes with exposure-related keratopathy of varied etiology, including facial nerve palsies, combined facial nerve palsy and trigeminal neuropathy with an anesthetic cornea, Graves' disease, congenital craniofacial anomalies, and severe keratitis sicca syndrome. The procedure was successful in improving exposure keratopathy symptoms in all 35 cases. Complications, reflecting the authors' learning curve with this new procedure, included intermarginal pyogenic granulomas, stretching of the tarsal pillar, minor lower-eyelid-margin eversion, and tarsal pillar dehiscence.
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PMID:The tarsal pillar technique for narrowing and maintenance of the interpalpebral fissure. 151 40

Extended wear of soft contact lenses is associated with an increased risk of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the cornea. To assess the role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of these infections, superficial corneal epithelial cells and leukocytes from ten patients who use extended-wear soft lenses and ten control eyes were compared for their propensity to attach P. aeruginosa in vitro. Cells were washed from the cornea by saline irrigation, incubated with a 10-ml solution containing 10(7) colony-forming units/ml of bacteria at 35 degrees C for 30 min, collected on a filter, and prepared using a modified acridine orange staining method. Fluorescence microscopy showed bacterial adherence to corneal epithelial cells, leukocytes, and ocular mucus. The mean number of bacteria adhering to epithelial cells was 2.6 for control eyes and 6.6 for the lens-wearing eyes (P = 0.002). The percentage of epithelial cells attaching greater than or equal to four bacteria was higher for lens-wearing eyes than control eyes (57.4% versus 26.0%, P = 0.0005). There was no significant difference between contact lens-wearing eyes and control eyes in the number of leukocytes collected or in the number of bacteria attached to these cells. These results show that P. aeruginosa adherence to epithelial cells is enhanced in those who use extended-wear soft contact lenses, and this may contribute to the increased incidence of P. aeruginosa keratitis for this population.
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PMID:Extended contact lens wear enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to human corneal epithelium. 152 41

We evaluated the effect of collagen shields presoaked with amphotericin B on the treatment of experimental Candida albicans-induced keratitis. Treatment results were compared to those of amphotericin B eyedrops instilled hourly. Forty-eight albino rabbits received intrastromal injections of 10(8) C. albicans organisms. Twenty-four hours later, eyes were treated for eight hours each day with hourly instillation of 0.15% amphotericin B drops, hourly instillation of saline drops, or application of a collagen shield presoaked in 0.5% amphotericin B for one hour. The rabbits were killed after one, three, or five days of treatment. Quantitation of fungi in the cornea was achieved by culturing homogenates and counting colony-forming units. Treatment with amphotericin B applied either as hourly instilled drops or absorbed in collagen shields significantly (P less than .05) reduced corneal fungal counts at all time points when compared to saline-treated control eyes. Rabbit eyes treated with amphotericin B-soaked collagen shields had significantly lower fungal counts compared with hourly instilled amphotericin B drops at Days 1 (P = .02) and 3 (P = .04), but not at Day 5. The collagen shields were as effective in reducing the number of colony-forming units as were amphotericin B drops at Day 5. These data suggest that collagen shields soaked in amphotericin B could be a useful and convenient treatment device in keratomycosis such as that caused by C. albicans.
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PMID:Use of collagen shields containing amphotericin B in the treatment of experimental Candida albicans-induced keratomycosis in rabbits. 154 24

A 20-year-old man was evaluated for an indolent corneal ulcer. Tissue and cultures from a penetrating keratoplasty indicated that the causative agent was Mycobacterium gordonae. This is the third patient reported with M. gordonae keratitis, although there have been numerous reports of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis. Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis is typically associated with previous trauma. The patient reported here had no known predisposing factor.
Cornea 1992 Jan
PMID:Mycobacterium gordonae keratitis. 155 51

Previous studies to determine the efficacy of new antiviral compounds in treating HSV ocular infections have used rabbit models. However, rabbits are expensive to purchase and maintain, and require the use of substantial amounts of test compounds. We have used the currently licensed antiviral trifluorothymidine in a murine model of HSV-induced ocular infection to demonstrate that the less expensive murine model can be used for the in vivo evaluation of potentially useful antiviral compounds. Treatment with TFT reduced the severity of blepharitis, vascularization of the cornea, stromal keratitis, and the percentage of animals developing symptoms. TFT treatment did not reduce the peak titers of infectious virus in the eyes of the infected animals, but did enhance clearance of virus from the tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 1.0% TFT prevented the establishment of reactivatable latent infections. However, treatment with 0.01% or 0.1% TFT did not affect latency. The ED50 values for blepharitis, vascularization, and stromal keratitis ranged between 0.007% and 0.023%. These results are very similar to results obtained in rabbits and establish baseline data for comparing rabbit and murine models. This murine model provides a potentially less expensive alternative for in vivo drug testing.
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PMID:A murine model of herpes simplex virus-induced ocular disease for antiviral drug testing. 156 Jan 5

Many studies have described the presence of circulating antibodies against corneal components in patients with corneal disease or uveitis, and in patients with skin or systemic disease with or without ocular involvement. The role of such antibodies in the underlying immunopathological process remains obscure. Here we describe the induction of autoantibodies against the rat cornea. Our attempts to induce corneal autoantibodies by various forms of keratitis and corneal trauma failed. However, circulating corneal autoantibodies could be detected by Western blotting after immunization of BN rats and Lewis rats with bovine corneal protein 54 (BCP 54). Rats immunized with rat corneal extracts (RaCE) or human serum albumin (HSA) as (auto) antigen did not develop corneal autoantibodies. During the study period (greater than 4 months), it was observed that the presence of circulating corneal autoantibodies did not elicit corneal inflammation. Severe keratitis did develop when BCP 54-immunized rats were challenged intracorneally with BCP 54, but the clinical signs were not significantly different from HSA-immunized rats after an intracorneal HSA challenge. Injection of corneal autoantibodies into the corneal stroma did not provoke keratitis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating corneal autoantibodies in rats without actual manipulation of the eye. This model may provide further insights in the role and significance of corneal autoantibodies in disease.
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PMID:Induction of autoantibodies to rat corneal protein 54. 156 95


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