Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An adult male python was observed to have an inflamed right eye. After several weeks of antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy, a granulomatous mass was noticed on the cornea. The condition became progressively worse and the eye was enucleated. The histologic diagnosis was granulomatous mycotic keratitis with panophthalmitis.
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PMID:Mycotic keratitis in a reticulated python. 73 26

The history of herpetic keratitis is presented. The similarities and differences between dendritic keratitis and herpes labialis are enumerated, with the suggestion that the similarities (in onset, pathology, and clinical course) far outweigh the differences. The principal difference seems to be that the avascalarity of the cornea retards the immunologic responses. Important points in the history of herpetic keratitis include (1) the close association of herpetic disease with malaria around the turn of the century; (2) the relatively benign nature of the disease, in contrast to herpes zoster keratitis; (3) the unfavorable response of the disease to immunosuppressive measures and diseases; (4) the failure of chemotherapy to influence favorably the natural history of the disease; and (5) the increasing visual damage caused by the disease since 1952 when corticosteroids were introduced into ocular therapy. Mention is made of the increasing problem of venereal herpes, with resultant neonatal herpetic keratitis, retinitis, and encephalitis.
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PMID:Historical observations on herpetic keratitis. 79 Jun 18

In a test series with 15 rabbits a so-called central keratitis by means of a redhot needle was set in the left and right eye. The cornea of the left eye was immediately extirpated under sterile conditions and was observed in the tissue culture for 6 days. The corresponding right eye of the first rabbit was left within the animal's body, later it was extirpated after 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2 hours etc. up to 11 days histologically examined. In the explants following results were obtained. After the lesion is set the puncture site is devoid of epithelium. A double wall of cells lies closely around the crater. One-and-one-half hours later these large cells with more or less variably segmented nuclei demonstrate a strong proliferation. The characteristic nucleus form, the weakly positive naphthol-ASD-chloracetateesterase-reaction and the variable peroxydase-reaction of these cells resemble quite closely leucocytes in phenomenology and ferment-histochemistry. We have therefore chosen the description leucocytoid cells. They are not leucocytes, but cells which originate from basal pluripotent epithelia of the cornea. The so-called central keratitis is not an inflammation in the sense of Marchand, it is rather a regenerative process. The thesis of Busse-Grawitz, that leucocytes in the cornea originate from collagen and elastic fibers or less than coccisized transitional forms, cannot be verified.
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PMID:The reaction of the cornea in vivo and in vitro to thermal stimulation: a contribution to the thesis by Busse-Grawitz. 80 59

The role of mucin in the manifestation of Pseudomonas keratitis was studied. Pseudomonas was cultivated in solutions of mucin, in which it grew rapidly and then inoculated into rabbit cornea by needle pricks. When the organism was inoculated as a suspension in saline, infection infrequently occurred as small ring abscesses of short duration around a few sites of inoculation. When the organism was inoculated as a suspension in a solution of gastric mucin, infection was usually observed as severe hypopyon-keratitis with formation of a huge ring abscess. Corneal perforation and panophthalmitis resulted in some cases. It was thus concluded that the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas is definitely increased when it was inoculated into the cornea with mucin solution.
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PMID:The role of mucin on experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. 81 95

Preliminary results of an attempt to determine the sources of nerve fibers of the monkey cornea and the consequences of its denervation are reported. Keratitis neuroparalytica was observed on the second day after combined ophthalmic and maxillary neurectomies. It reached a peak on the third day and by the fifth day recovery was nearly complete without recurrence up to 106 days. Tarsorraphy delayed the development of keratitis neuroparalytica with poor recovery up to 28 days after sensory denervation. Coincidence of reduction and recovery of lacrimal secretion and corneal changes suggest that the former might be a factor in the production of keratitis neuroparalytica. Epithelial changes accompanying keratitis neuroparalytica were observed and described. Numerous stromal nerve fibers remained uanaffected four days after ophthalmic and maxillary neurectomies. There is a possibility that these fibers are from sources other than the trigeminal.
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PMID:Innervation of the cornea of monkeys and the effects of denervation. 83 34

Involvement of the outer eye in Onchocerca volvulus infection is characterized by an inflammatory process around degenerating microfilariae. Individual microfilariae in the cornea may be associated with localized punctate lesions or, especially when present in large numbers, may provoke a sclerosing keratitis due to invasion by fibrovascular pannus from the limbal conjunctiva. Anterior uveitis develops in some patients and can be either granulomatous, probably as a result of direct microfilarial invasion of the iris and ciliary body, or non-granulomatous, in which case the inflammation is likely to be a response to free microfilarial antigens. Posterior segment involvement takes the form of either inflammatory or atrophic lesions, or both. It is possible that the marked atrophy of the retina and choriocapillaris seen in some cases is largely attributable to preceding choroiditis and that the optic nerve atrophy has a similar pathogenesis.
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PMID:Pathology of ocular onchocerciasis: human and experimental. 84 43

In rabbits with experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis the subconjunctival administration of either ticarcillin or gentamicin significantly ameliorated the keratitis and reduced the number of organisms to be found in the cornea. The use of these drugs in combination had an additive effect in vitro studies and a significantly more beneficial effect on the clinical disease than the use of either drug alone.
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PMID:Ticarcillin in the treatment of experimental pseudomonas keratitis. 84 16

35 cases of secondary glaucoma due to congenital syphilitic interstitial keratitis have been surveyed. In four cases which had no opacities in the cornea, but with positive serologic reaction for syphilis, the characteristic goniscopical features such as peripheral anterior synechia, pigment deposits in the trabeculum, and irregularity of iris configuration as observed commonly in cases with inactive congenital interstitial syphilitic keratitis, were found. In the clinical course and goniscopical findings, they were divided into two types: one was the angle closure type with acute glaucomatous attack, and the other the wide open angle type with insidious course of the disease. The prognosis of this secondary glaucoma was very poor, although medical therapy was taken for the wide open angle type, and surgical therapy for the angle closure type. In the present study, the importance of gonioscopical examination, and careful attention to avoid the ufention to avoid the further formation of peripheral anterior synechia in the surgical procedure, was stressed for secondary glaucoma with congenital interstitial syphilitic keratitis.
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PMID:Secondary glaucoma due to inactive congenital syphilitic interstitial keratitis. (With 1 colour plate). 87 Aug 61

The surface morphology of 108 corneal buttons obtained at keratoplasty showed specific patterns for each disease process. The surface over a traumatically scarred cornea was identical to that of undamaged sites, showing microvilli and microplicae in various numbers and combinations. Keratoconus specimens showed many dark cells, frequently noted to have surface blebs 0.25 to 3 micrometer in size over the entire cone in the nipple type, and in a broad basal band inside the cone or over the entire button in the sagging-cone type. Some blebs contained cytoplasm and 250 A glycogen-like granules. In larger, dark cells, holes were found in the blebs and the plasma membrane was degenerated. Corneal epithelial edema was manifested by a large irregular surface caused by the anterior bulge of edematous cells, many attached by only a small area, and variable-sized depressions, often the size of epithelial cells. More than a year after stromal scarring from herpetic keratitis, many epithelial cells lay loosely on the surface whereas other epithelial cells were edematous and partially detached from the surface cell sheet. Localized heaping of rounded epithelial and inflammatory cells persisted in some areas.
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PMID:The normal and abnormal human corneal epithelial surface: a scanning electron microscope study. 87 22

The introduction of the hydrophilic contact lens has been a significant advance in ophthalmology for the correction of ametropia, as well as for the therapy of corneal disease. The number of potential contact lens candidates has been greatly expanded by the introduction of both spin-cast and lathe-cut lenses composed of a variety of individual hydrophilic polymers. Myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, aphakia and moderate astigmatism can be corrected with a reasonable degree of success with the present lenses. Even in keratoconus hydrophilic lenses offer a nonsurgical alternative, especially when combined with spectacle overcorrection. The introduction of hydrophilic bandages in the treatment of corneal disease has been an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of the ophthalmologist. When properly applied, these lenses can provide subjective relief of pain while serving to protect the damaged cornea from the traumatic action of the lids and desiccating effects of the atmosphere. The hydrophilic material is permeable to many topically instilled medications and tends to prolong the contact time of the drugs with the corneal surface. Proper fitting of the bandage lenses can eliminate superficial corneal irregularities and, thus, improve the visual acuity while treatment progresses. Medical indications for the use of this therapy include bullous keratopathy, dry eye syndromes, chemical burns, exposure keratitis, and neurotropic keratitis. A number of recurrent erosions and ulcerations have also responded to this form of therapy. Surgical indications include lacerations, postoperative lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty, and keratectomies. One of the most promising applications concerns their use in the postoperative management of alkaline burns. Best results have been obtained by constant wear of the bandage lens, with topical administration of steroids, antibiotics, and saline solution (hypotonic or hypertonic) as indicated. The possible deleterious effects of standard ocular medication containing preservatives has been overstated. Patients receiving medications without preservatives must be placed on prophylactic antibiotics to avoid secondary infection. In many cases, the therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the diameter and curvature of the bandage lens as well as the inherent physical properties of the polymers. With meticulous fitting and close observation complications have been minimal. In many instances the results have been dramatic, but even if unsuccessful the method provides a safe and relatively simple nonsurgical alternative in the treatment of severe corneal disease. Just as with older modalities, the ultimate success or failure depends upon the intrinsic nature of the disease process as well as reasonable therapeutic application based on a knowledge of the mechanics involved.
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PMID:New aspects of contact lenses in ophthalmology. 95 43


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