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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a recently described irreversible dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity in homosexuals, intravenous, drug abusers, and hemophiliacs, with subsequent development of potentially lethal opportunistic infections and/or unusual neoplasms, such as Kaposi's sarcoma. A prospective evaluation of ophthalmic findings in 14 patients with AIDS revealed that 8 patients had ophthalmoscopically and biomicroscopically significant ocular abnormalities, including peripapillary cotton-wool spots of changing frequency and diameter, retinal hemorrhages, progressive cytomegaly virus (CMV) retinitis, acute destructive retinal necrosis, periphlebitis, CMV conjunctivitis and keratitis, and in one patient a conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma. All patients with AIDS and abnormal ocular findings carry a poor prognosis. Early detection of ocular manifestations is important, since most patients with AIDS are visually asymptomatic, and the ophthalmic presentation may be the primary one, and the initiating contact leading to diagnosis and permitting the prognosis to be assessed.
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PMID:[AIDS and the eye]. 408 13

In Fall 1981, an outbreak of acute infectious conjunctivitis with keratitis (EKC) occurred in patients who had visited a private ophthalmology clinic just prior to onset of illness. Among an estimated 2,200 patient visits to the office from August 10 to October 15, 1981 for problems unrelated to infectious conjunctivitis, 39 (1.8%) persons subsequently developed EKC. The median incubation period was 6.5 days (range, 1 to 14 days). A case-control study was done to identify risk factors associated with contracting EKC; patients with EKC were more likely than control patients to have been examined by one or the other of two of the four ophthalmologists at the clinic and to have undergone procedures such as tonometry or foreign body removal. Adenovirus was isolated from conjunctival swabs from four of five persons with conjunctivitis; three were type 8 and one was type 7. Recognition of the problem and improved handwashing practices were associated with terminating the outbreak. This outbreak illustrates the potential for transmission of adenovirus infection during the provision of eye care. Infection control practitioners should be familiar with measures for the prevention of such infections among ophthalmology patients.
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PMID:Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: report of an outbreak in an ophthalmology practice and recommendations for prevention. 609 Mar 33

It is not unusual for various ocular diseases to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Ocular involvement includes the inflammatory entities of keratitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, orbital pseudotumor, iritis and neuroretinitis , as well as those states in which the etiology remains undefined, i.e., scleromalacia perforans, peripheral corneal ulceration and furrow, retinal artery occlusion, and optic neuropathy. We report five cases of optic neuropathy associated with ulcerative colitis to emphasize that this may be the sole ocular manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Optic neuritis in inflammatory bowel disease. 623 6

Fifty-three patients with proven adenovirus type 8 infection were treated at random, in a prospective study, with either artificial tears or topical steroids over six weeks. Severe cases of nummular keratitis, as well as deep keratitis and slight iritis, were significantly less frequent under steroids. No difference existed with respect to the course of the conjunctivitis and the frequency of a superficial punctate keratitis. Furthermore, the overall frequency of nummular keratitis was equal in both groups, its manifestation merely being somewhat delayed in the steroid group. This may even be disadvantageous, as the natural course of the disease could be prolonged. A significant disadvantage of topical steroids, however, was the high incidence of permanent "dry eye" in the post-infection period. Therefore, as long as no effective antiviral treatment for adenovirus infection is available, steroids should only be administered to relieve symptoms in severe cases for a limited time.
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PMID:[The effects of topical steroids in epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (author's transl)]. 625 79

A 37-year-old man developed an acute follicular conjunctivitis with preauricular lymphadenopathy believed to be epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. On the eighth day of his disease, subepithelial dendritic opacities developed in the cornea which were not typical of either epidemic keratoconjunctivitis or herpetic keratitis. A diagnosis of primary herpes simplex virus infection was established by positive viral culture and a rise in serum antibody titer to herpes simplex virus. Subepithelial dendritic keratitis as a manifestation of herpes simplex infection of the cornea has not been previously described. The lesions seen in this patient were not reproducible in rabbits and we believe they represent an unusual host response to the virus. This form of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis is extremely difficult to differentiate from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Corticosteroids should be used with caution in cases that are not completely typical of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
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PMID:Primary herpes simplex subepithelial dendritic keratitis. 626 83

2-Fluoro-5-iodo-ara-C (FIAC), a new and potent drug, was tested for antiviral activity against several strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV), types 1 and 2. Effective dose-50% (ED-50) determinations for FIAC ranged from 0.023 to 0.51 muM for HSV-2. FIAC-treated cells did not exhibit any toxicity until the drug concentration was increased 2000-fold above the ED-50 level. Ocular herpetic keratitis in New Zealand white rabbits was treated with 1.0%, 0.1%, 0.01% FIAC beginning 3 days after inoculation wit HSV-1 (McKrae strain). Topical chemotherapy was administered five times per day for 7 consecutive days. After 4 days of treatment, corneal epithelial involvement, conjunctivitis, iritis, and clouding were not detectable in eyes receiving 1.0% FIAC. Toxic reactions were not observed in rabbit eyes treated with FIAC drug. HSV was not prevented from spreading into the central nervous system when topical FIAC therapy was initiated on day 3 after inoculation.
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PMID:Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ara-C in rabbit eyes and cell cultures. 627 55

Trifluridine (trifluorothymidine) is an antiviral agent for topical use in the eye, and is structurally related to idoxuridine. In vitro studies have shown that it effectively inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1, which causes primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis in man. In masked comparative studies, predominantly in patients with dendritic ulcers, trifluridine 1% solution was effective in over 90% of patients; in such studies it was comparable with vidarabine in treating dendritic ulcers, and was at least as effective as, and in some studies more effective than, idoxuridine. The drug was also effective in treating a small number of patients with geographic ulcers (sometimes associated with the usage of topical corticosteroids), and this could be an important advantage if confirmed in further well-designed studies. However, experience at present is too limited to reliably determine the usual response rate in this difficult therapeutic area. In open studies the drug proved to be particularly useful in treating ulcers previously unresponsive to idoxuridine or vidarabine, and in treating patients intolerant of idoxuridine, with a high success rate and minimal side effects being reported. The role of trifluridine in treating deep stromal disease, uveitis, or adenovirus kerato-conjunctivitis has not been established. The drug is well tolerated and cross-hypersensitivity and cross-toxicity between trifluridine, idoxuridine and vidarabine are rare. Thus, trifluridine is an effective alternative to the drugs available for treating herpetic keratitis, and seems especially useful in 'difficult' cases.
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PMID:Trifluridine: a review of its antiviral activity and therapeutic use in the topical treatment of viral eye infections. 628 70

The clinical and aetiological findings are presented on 343 patients with clinical adenoviral conjunctivitis treated between July 1979 and July 1980 at 3 eye clinics in Sapporo. The age of the patients ranged from 12 days to 79 years, and the monthly incidence of the disease from 9 to 83, with clustering in the summer season. The aetiological diagnosis was established in 196 (57%) of 343 patients: adenovirus 3 in 24 cases; adenovirus 4 in 33 cases, including one case serologically diagnosed; adenovirus 8 in 124 cases; and adenovirus 19 in 15 cases. The different serotypes caused different clinical pictures. Adenovirus 19 conjunctivitis was more severe, with keratitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy more frequent than that of adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. Adenovirus 4 conjunctivitis was generally similar to adenovirus 3 conjunctivitis. The clinical difference between the 2 groups adenoviruses 3 and 4, and adenoviruses 8 and 9, was statistically significant. Although in Japan adenovirus 8 was the most prevalent, adenoviruses 4 and 19 should be considered as causative agents of adenoviral conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Clinical and aetiological study of adenoviral conjunctivitis, with special reference to adenovirus types 4 and 19 infections. 629 31

Ninety-eight patients were studied. Ninety were consecutive patients who were isolation-positive for adenovirus, and 8, who were associated with a hospital outbreak of adenovirus serotype 8 infection, developed characteristic features of infection but were isolation-negative. The ratio of males to females was 2 to 1, and most patients were aged 20 to 39. Adenovirus serotypes 3, 7, and 8 were isolated from 86% of patients, and serotypes 2, 4, 5, 11, 15, and 15/29 from the remaining 14%. Adenovirus serotype 7 was more commonly isolated from patients under the age of 19 and was Not isolated during winter. Sources of infection could be identified in 36% of patients and included contact with upper respiratory tract of ocular infections, a hospital outbreak, and a recent visit to a swimming pool. Associated systemic disease was detected in 47% of patients, most of whom had upper respiratory tract infection. The most severe and prolonged conjunctivitis was caused by serotypes 5 and 8. Most patients developed epithelial punctate keratitis. Subepithelial punctate keratitis, which was once-considered to be a characteristic feature of adenovirus serotype 8, developed in cases of serotype 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 infection.
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PMID:Clinical and epidemiological features of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis in London. 629 33

A new antiviral compound 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (2'-fluoro-5-methyl-ara-uracil [FMAU]), was compared with acyclovir and idoxuridine in vitro against two strains of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. Determinations of the 50% effective dose varied slightly with each strain and with the host cells employed. The 50% effective dose for FMAU and acyclovir against HSV-1 ranged from 0.1 microM to 0.5 to 0.6 microM in rabbit kidney cells and from 0.5 microM to 0.6 to 0.78 microM in Vero cells. Beginning 4 days post-inoculation, topical FMAU therapy given five times per day to rabbits with acute herpetic keratitis either suppressed or delayed the severity of corneal epithelial involvement, conjunctivitis, iritis, and corneal clouding. Responses to treatment with FMAU were similar to those obtained with acyclovir and significantly better than those attained with idoxuridine and vidarabine. At 30 to 40 days after the end of treatment, rabbit eyes were subjected to iontophoresis with epinephrine in an attempt to induce reactivation and enhance detection of previously latent HSV-1. Latent HSV-1 was detected in 67 to 92% of trigeminal ganglia in FMAU-treated animals and in 90% of placebo-treated animals.
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PMID:Activity of 1-(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine against herpes simplex virus in cell cultures and rabbit eyes. 631 Oct 85


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