Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various side effects due to antiherpetic drugs observed in the last ten years in our department were studied. A total of 132 patients were treated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU), 69 with trifluorothymidine (F3T), 58 with acyclovir (ACV) and 33 with adenine arabinoside (ara-A). Patch tests were routinely done when patients exhibited contact dermatitis. Of the patients treated with IDU, 3 (2.3%) showed contact dermatitis, 2 (1.5%) follicular conjunctivitis and 1 (0.8%) punctate keratopathy. Of the patients treated with F3T, 7 (10.1%) exhibited contact dermatitis and 1 (1.4%) follicular conjunctivitis. In the group treated with ACV, 2 (3.4%) patients showed punctate keratopathy. The patients who received ara-A did not show any side effects. We found that F3T caused contact dermatitis more frequently in Japanese people than Europeans. These side effects were resolved by switching to another anti-herpetic drug without the occurrence of cross-allergy. Therefore, switching to another drug is strongly recommended when patients exhibit side effects in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Other complications were allergy to atropine and to drug preservative.
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PMID:Side effects in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. 310 84

An 8-year-old boy developed erythema multiforme major after topical administration of sodium sulfacetamide for conjunctivitis. He had received systemic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole four months previously without evidence of drug allergy. There was no history of recent exposure to other drugs or evidence of herpes simplex or Mycoplasma infection. After 12 days of treatment with erythromycin ointment, 1% prednisolone eyedrops, systemic prednisone, and intravenous nafcillin, the patient's condition improved dramatically. A slit-lamp examination showed only superficial punctate keratitis. Two months later his visual acuity had improved from 20/200 bilaterally to R.E.: 20/40 and L.E.: 20/30.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme after use of topical sulfacetamide. 315 22

In four patients with an adult chlamydial ophthalmia small, marginal corneal abscesses were detected. These corneal abscesses were associated with unilateral papillary and follicular conjunctivitis and punctate keratitis. In these patients no bacteria was isolated from the abscesses, but Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from materials collected from the abscesses and from the conjunctival swabbings. In addition all patients had microbiologically proved concomitant chlamydial genital infections. The clinical signs resolved after topical treatment with rifampicin or tetracycline eye ointment for six weeks or systemic treatment with tetracycline for two weeks. Because of concomitant chlamydial genital infection it is advisable to treat patients with adult chlamydial ophthalmia with systemic tetracycline and to refer these patients and their consorts for investigation and treatment of their genital infection.
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PMID:Marginal corneal abscess associated with adult chlamydial ophthalmia. 319 Oct 80

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a biocompatible broad spectrum antimicrobial that is widely used as an ophthalmic pre-operative prepping agent. In order to determine if PVP-I is safe for treating corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis, we evaluated the ocular toxicity of frequent dosing in a rabbit model. We evaluated ocular irritation in 18 rabbits according to the McDonald-Shadduck method. Concentrations of 0.5% PVP-I or less were practically non-irritating when administered six times per day. We evaluated corneal epithelial wound healing in 16 rabbits with standardized abrasions. Concentrations of 0.33% PVP-I showed epithelial healing comparable to gentamicin treated eyes and untreated controls. Concentrations of 0.5% PVP-I delayed epithelial healing by one day. Because of its broad spectrum and apparently low toxicity, PVP-I may be a useful treatment for corneal ulcers, keratitis and conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine: corneal toxicology and epithelial healing in a rabbit model. 324 70

A detailed study was made of the prevalence and associations of trachoma in a prospective, randomised population based study of 9058 Palestinian Arabs living in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and in a prospective study of 1,000 consecutive unselected ophthalmic outpatients at St John Ophthalmic Hospital, Jerusalem. Trachoma was found to be widely distributed throughout the two regions. This chiefly occurred as a mild, self limited disease, interspersed with discontinuous pockets of blinding disease. The highest prevalence was found in the Hebron and Jericho districts. Sub-populations at increased relative risk included females, older age groups, rural dwellers, patients with pre-disabling or disabling lesions, and patients with moderate to severe active trachoma. An increased recovery of bacteria by culture of the lids and conjunctiva of patients with moderate to severe trachoma was noted. Prevalences of lacrimal disease, dacryocystitis, and acute bacterial ulcer were significantly greater among outpatients with trachoma than among those without trachoma. No difference in prevalence of either mucopurulent conjunctivitis or herpetic dendritic keratitis was demonstrated between patients with and without trachoma. An increased prevalence of trachoma was found in communities without a continuous year-round supply of running water compared with communities with this facility.
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PMID:Epidemiology of trachoma in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. 325 84

The patient with a red eye constitutes a very common clinical problem encountered in the Emergency Department setting. Conjunctivitis, the most common cause of the red eye, generally is not associated with disturbance of vision or associated ocular pain. If either of these symptoms is present, a more serious disorder must be suspected. Treatment of infectious conjunctivitis is guided by interpretation of a Gram's stain and subsequent culture of any exudate present. Initial treatment of most cases includes use of topical antibiotic and local comfort measures. Complications of infectious conjunctivitis include more invasive disease such as keratitis or abscess formation, with potential corneal perforation and destruction. All patients should be referred for ophthalmologic followup, both to assess adequacy of treatment and to treat unexpected complications. Remember that allergic conjunctivitis is a common condition that responds to antihistamine decongestant medications given orally or topically. Occasionally these conditions are caused by self-prescribed use of ocular medication, and discontinuation of all eye medication is required. Corticosteroid eye drops are rarely indicated and should be used only at the direction of an ophthalmologist. When the diagnosis is uncertain, treatment is best withheld, as "shotgun" therapy is seldom beneficial.
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PMID:The red eye. 327 86

Selman Waksman's laboratory at Rutgers University discovered the first aminoglycoside antibiotic, streptomycin, in 1943. Other aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin and tobramycin, soon followed. Tobramycin is compatible with most intravenous fluids and tear substitutes, but it is incompatible with heparin and some beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins. Due to tobramycin's broad spectrum of activity, it has proven useful in controlling both superficial and deep infections of the eye and ocular adnexa (i.e., blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and endophthalmitis). However, since tobramycin has been associated with neuromuscular blockade, as well as possessing ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects, care must be taken to minimize toxicity by monitoring patients undergoing systemic tobramycin therapy.
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PMID:Tobramycin in ophthalmology. 331 53

1-Propoxy-2-propanol, a widely used industrial chemical, was found to have acute peroral LD50 values in the rat of 4.92 ml/kg (males) and 2.83 ml/kg (females), with the signs of systemic toxicity being principally related to narcosis. Acute percutaneous LD50 values in the rabbit (24-hr occluded) were 4.29 ml/kg (males) and 4.92 ml/kg (females); signs of systemic toxicity were related to narcosis, and local effects were severe inflammation and corrosion. There were signs of sensory irritation of the eye during a 6-hr exposure to a dynamically generated saturated vapor atmosphere, but no signs of toxicity during exposure or in a 14-hr day postexposure observation period. A 4-hr occluded cutaneous application with 0.5 ml PP in rabbits produced mild to moderate erythema and edema of about 3 days duration, but no signs of corrosion. Contamination of the eye (0.005 to 0.1 ml PP) produced moderate to severe conjunctivitis (hyperaemia and chemosis), with mild iritis and diffuse mild keratitis; spontaneously healing occurred within 3 days (0.005 ml) to 7 days (0.1 ml). The major acute hazards with PP are by swallowing, splash contamination of the eye, and sustained skin contact.
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PMID:The acute toxicity and primary irritancy of 1-propoxy-2-propanol. 338 84

Two quantitative pipette samples and 3 smears from each of 305 eyes were re-evaluated. Two types of ferning (F) were detected i.e. rectangular (FR) and acute-angled (FA) ramifications, respectively. One FR corresponds in area to 0.11 FA. Ferning was present in 29% of pipette samples, averaging 0.41 mm2 in the form of FR in the total series. Ferning was most frequent in samples with fairly large amounts of mucus, more frequent in neutrophilia than in lymphocytosis, and the rarest in normal cytology. F was seen in several cases of acute infections conjunctivitis (55%), neonatal and follicular conjunctivitis, and keratitis, whereas it was rare in normal eyes (7%). This distribution is presumably due to the amount of mucus in the samples preserving the F-pattern during the preparation procedure. F was rarely seen in smears (0.7%).
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PMID:Ferning in conjunctival-cytologic preparations. Crystallisation in stained semiquantitative pipette samples of conjunctival fluid. 357

The epidemiological and clinical features of recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection (RHSV) were studied. Of 108 patients with primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection (PHSV) who were followed up for two to 15 years 35 (32%) suffered one or more recurrent attacks. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients under 20 years of age, but there was no significant difference between recurrence rates in males and females. Of 35 patients with RHSV 17 (49%) had one recurrent attack, 14 (40%) had between two and five, and four (11%) had between six and 15 attacks. The mean time interval between PHSV and the first four RHSV attacks was 10 months, and was shorter in subsequent attacks. The duration and severity of RHSV were reduced in successive recurrences. Patients with more severe conjunctivitis and lid lesions during PHSV ocular infection had a higher incidence of recurrent infection. The severity of the corneal signs in PHSV had no influence on the incidence of recurrent infection. Several clinical forms of RHSV were observed. Conjunctivitis associated with lid lesions was observed in 29 (83%) patients. In six (17%) patients the disease presented as an acute follicular conjunctivitis without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. Dendritic ulcer was found in three (9%) patients, and in one of them it was associated with a disciform keratitis. A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis developed in eight (23%) patients. The epidemiological and clinical features of RHSV were compared with those of PHSV.
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PMID:Recurrent herpes simplex virus ocular infection: epidemiological and clinical features. 366 60


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