Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the world literature we have found descriptions of five cases of Trichomonas vaginalis in the conjunctiva. Conjunctival swabs taken from 122 patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis revealed no flagellate micro-organisms on phase-contrast microscopy and culture. Neither did conjunctival swabs from 272 newborn infants, in spite of the fact that 3.7 per cent of their mothers had Trichomonas in the vagina. Trichomonas vaginalis is hardly likely to be responsible for conjunctivitis.
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PMID:May Trichomonas vaginalis provoke conjunctivitis? 108 74

Rabbits, pre-immunized by intravenous inoculations of live, or of freeze-killed microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, were later challenged by subconjunctival inoculation of live microfilariae. Those pre-immunized with live microfilariae showed a marked chemotic conjunctivitis and reactions in the cornea (stromal keratitis and limbal abscesses), starting within one day of challenge. They were classed as sensitized. Those pre-immunized with dead microfilariae produced minimal reactions also starting on day 1, and were classed as tolerant. Histologically the reactions were distinctly greater in sensitized than in tolerant animals. The predominant cells in the inflammatory exudate were polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes. The immunological basis for the differences between sensitized and tolerant rabbits is discussed, together with its possible bearing on human onchocerciasis. The effects of long-term subconjunctival and sclerocorneal inoculation of microfilariae were compared in one sensitized, one tolerant, one previously exposed, and one sensitized control rabbit. The sensitized test animal showed lesions resembling the sclerosing keratitis of human onchocerciasis. Immature microfilariae taken from intra-nodular fluid showed little ability to penetrate the cornea of the rabbit, and were minimally pathogenic.
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PMID:Reactions to subconjunctival inoculation of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in pre-immunized rabbits. 121 32

The nucleoside analog 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5- ethyluracil (FEAU) was tested in a rabbit model of acute herpetic keratitis and its effectiveness compared with that of acyclovir (ACV). FEAU or ACV was applied topically 3 times daily, beginning 3 days post-HSV-1 inoculation and continued for a period of 7 days. FEAU at a concentration of 1% (w/v) or 3% ACV resulted in significant lessening of the severity of corneal lesions, conjunctivitis, iritis, and corneal clouding at 24 to 48 h after beginning chemotherapy. No toxic reaction was observed in any rabbit eyes treated with either FEAU or ACV. The duration of virus shedding into tear film and colonization of the trigeminal ganglia, however, were not reduced by either FEAU or ACV treatment begun 3 days post-inoculation. Fifty percent effective dose (ED50) of FEAU determinations performed on isolates from tear film and on the virus inoculum in secondary rabbit kidney cultures yielded a range of 4.6-7 microM, with two in vitro resistant isolates having ED50S of greater than or equal to 1500 microM of FEAU. Fifty percent cell growth inhibition for FEAU was 3000 microM at 72 h.
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PMID:Evaluation of 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethyluracil in a rabbit model of herpetic keratitis. 131 21

A 63-year-old man, who had for one month been on sulfasalazine therapy, developed general malaise, high fever, severe stomatitis, and bilateral necrotizing pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with corneal erosion, identical to that seen in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Topical therapy with antibiotics and aprotinin rapidly healed the corneal surfaces, while densely adherent true membranes developed on the conjunctiva, and were removed surgically several times during the next week. After the acute stage, subtle subepithelial conjunctival scarring, superficial punctate keratitis, dry eye syndrome and fluctuating irregular corneal astigmatism became evident, but good visual acuity, lid function and ocular motility were retained. Histopathologic study of conjunctival membranes from two cases of membranous conjunctivitis revealed polymorphonuclear leukocytes within a matrix composed of fibrin, tenascin and fibronectin. In older membranes, histiocytes were additionally found. Surgical debridement of such membranes removes a substratum of inflammatory debris that is likely to promote secondary infection, fibrosis and symblepharon formation, and may decrease rather than increase subsequent scarring of the necrotized conjunctiva.
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PMID:Pseudomembranous and membranous conjunctivitis. Immunohistochemical features. 138 71

Two cases of follicular conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis followed by punctate epithelial keratitis are described. Both cases were initially treated with either oral tetracycline or doxycycline with resolution of the follicles. These two patients subsequently had recurrent, bilateral grayish lesions at various levels in the corneal epithelium that stained in a punctate fashion with fluorescein. There was anterior stromal edema associated with some of these lesions in one case. The lesions were confined mostly to the central cornea. These recurrent lesions were unassociated with a conjunctival reaction, were unresponsive to oral tetracycline, but were exquisitely responsive to low doses of topical steroids. Chlamydial conjunctivitis and the associated keratitis typically shows no response or actual exacerbation of symptoms with topical steroids, and the keratitis shows a predilection for the upper half of the cornea. These patients demonstrate that chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis might result in a clinical appearance consistent with Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis.
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PMID:Persistent superficial punctate keratitis after resolution of chlamydial follicular conjunctivitis. 142 59

Forty four patients with virus conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis and retinitis were treated by acyclovir in tablets--5 times a day 400 mg.; the results were satisfactory. The drug was well tolerated and it could be used also in patients who showed hypersensitivity for acyclovir after ++intra-conjunctival application in the form of ointment.
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PMID:[Oral acyclovir treatment of viral eye infections]. 145 71

Markedly reduced vision and a shallow anterior chamber suggest acute glaucoma. A mucopurulent discharge suggests conjunctivitis. An abnormal cornea may suggest acute glaucoma or keratitis. An abnormal pupil is seen with both acute glaucoma and iritis.
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PMID:Overview of the red eye. 146 34

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are organisms that frequently cause conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis. MRSA comprised about 25% of the S. aureus isolated from ocular infections; most were from compromised host. MRSA was resistant to penicillins, cephems and macrolides but was sensitive to amikacin, netilmicin, minocycline and ofloxacin. Ofloxacin-resistant strains, however increased rapidly. Topical vancomycin, arbekacin and minocycline were used when commercially available antibiotics were inadequate.
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PMID:[MRSA ocular infections]. 150 38

Nine months after leaving the Lebanon, a four-year-old immigrant boy presented with a 5 months history of blepharitis. The lesion remained therapy-resistant for aminoglycoside antibiotics. Six months later, the patient presented with an indolent granulomatous necrotizing purulent blepharitis and follicular conjunctivitis. Diagnosis was made by Giemsa stain and histopathology, which revealed amastigotes in macrophages consistent with the diagnosis of oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therapy with systemic recombinant gamma Interferon, which is described for the first time in this disease entity, resulted in a successful primary healing of the cutaneous lesion. Self-healing epithelial keratitis was the only side-effect observed. Ophthalmologists in Germany should be aware of the differential diagnosis of oriental cutaneous Leishmaniasis in patients suffering from chronic granulomatous lid lesions of patients from countries endemic/epidemic for Leishmaniasis. Laboratory diagnosis is simple. Insights into the immunology of infection have made possible novel therapeutic avenues using gamma-Interferon being effective without serve side-effects and allowing for a good primary healing of the cutaneous lesions.
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PMID:[Unilateral chronic granulomatous blepharitis as a leading symptom of Oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis in Germany. Giesma stain as rapid diagnosis and initial description of systemic therapy with gamma-interferon]. 157 80

173 nontrachomatous conjunctivitis studied at the I.O.T.A. in Bamako, Mali, have shown a majority of bacterial aetiology, especially gram-negative. 1 out of 10 conjunctivitis was due to virus, mostly to adenovirus. 4% of the cases were due to Chlamydia Trachomatis. The try of validation of the clinical characters in comparison with the etiology has shown that Chemosis was an indicator of a bacterial conjunctivitis (OR = 2.4) and that the lack of purulent discharge was in connexion with the presence of a keratitis (OR = 7.7). On the one hand the frequency of gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand the potential gravity of the conjunctivitis in tropical area, would justify the use of gentamycin at first in nontrachomatous conjunctivitis.
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PMID:[Tropical conjunctivitis: infectious etiology and validation of its clinical features]. 166 52


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