Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferons (IFN) are potent antiviral, cytostatic-cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents. Although gene technology has made available an unlimited supply of all different kinds and types of IFN, their basic modes of action have not been clarified up to now. The therapeutic effects proven differ gradually between the individual disease entities. They comprise prophylaxis, prevention of recurrences and direct therapeutic effect, either of reducing the actual disease symptoms, or of inducing a complete recovery. For the following viral diseases a positive therapeutic effect has been shown: infections by herpes-viruses (herpes simplex keratitis , herpes zoster, herpes simplex), cytomegalovirus infections, chronic-hepatitis B virus infection, acute respiratory virus infections by rhino-, corona- and influenza viruses. Especially for the group of virus-associated tumors and papillomas, IFN is considered to be therapeutically effective. IFN has been accepted to be the first line treatment for laryngeal papillomatosis. In condylomata acuminata too, IFN is a potent therapeutic agent. Moreover, IFN represents the most effective therapeutic modality for Kaposi's sarcoma in patient with AIDS. Hairy cell leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, melanoma and hypernephroma are the malignancies, for which a therapeutic effect of IFN could be proven. Furthermore, IFN is considered to be the therapy of first choice for hairy cell leukemias. Although there are some signs, that IFN could be a potent agent for adjuvant therapy, this question can not be answered - not even on principle - because of lacking sufficient data so far. Up to date, the therapeutic efficacy of IFN seems to be established only for hairy cell leukemia, laryngeal papillomatosis, Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS and partly for condylomata acuminata. For all other indications, first of all, sufficient phase-II-study data will have to be evaluated, before prospectively controlled studies, comparing the IFN treatment results with placebo and standard therapy results, can be initiated for the individual disease entities. Then, it will be possible to assess the therapeutic efficacy of IFN. Already now, IFN represent a valuable enrichment of the therapeutic modalities for malignancies and viral diseases.
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PMID:[Current status of interferon therapy]. 242 97

Interferons have been studied in animals and man for local and systemic viral infections that are either rare or common. Recent clinical studies in humans with purified or recombinantly derived interferons have demonstrated significant clinical response in rhinovirus common colds, herpetic keratitis, condyloma acuminata, and laryngeal papillomatosis. However, only 40 per cent of published papers with IFN have been appropriately controlled. The toxicity of these newer preparations when administered either topically or parenterally prevents their immediate licensing for general use. The toxic to therapeutic ratio for HuIFN and rIFN appears to be close to one in most clinical situations in which it has been tested. Although interferons have not proved to be the "penicillin" for viruses many thought they would become, basic in vitro work and clinical studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of host defense and immunopathology. Future studies must focus on increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity, in addition to devising controlled clinical trials with interferon alone or in combination with other antiviral agents. Thus, after 30 years of research on interferons, it would appear our work has just begun.
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PMID:Human interferon in viral diseases. 246 9

Tai-Ding-An (3-phthalimido-2-oxo-n-butyraldehyde bisthiosemicarbazone, TDA) is a synthetic antiviral drug developed by our institute. Because of its low water/lipid solubility. Tai-Ding-An is limited to topical treatment of herpes viruses infected skin diseases and of condylomata acuminata (ginital warts), one of sexual transmitted diseases (STD), caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Ten TDA derivatives IIIb-e, Va, Vb, VIIa-e have been synthesized in order to search for compounds with higher antiviral activity and better solubility than the parent compound as well as to explore structure and activity relationship. Among the ten analogs, three compounds (IIIc, VIIa and VIIb) were found to be effective against herpes simplex virus. The most potent inhibitor was 3-phthalimido-2-oxo-n-butyraldehyde bis- N4- phenylthiosemicarbazone (IIIc, PTDA) which was approximately 10 times more active against HSV-2 as compared with TDA. Compound IIIc was also found to be effective on the topical treatment of herpetic epithelial keratitis in rabbits.
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PMID:[Studies on antiviral agents: synthesis of tai-ding-an analogs]. 799 23