Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022568 (keratitis)
 5,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The first case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in the skin of a patient afflicted with keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness (KID) syndrome is reported. A 35-year-old man, diagnosed as having KID syndrome in early childhood, developed bilateral fungating lesions on his feet. The entire left foot became involved with a multinodular fungating mass which proved to harbor a SCC, necessitating a left below-knee amputation. Although rare, KID syndrome can be associated with SCC of the skin.
Cancer 1986 May 15
PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma in congenital ichthyosis with deafness and keratitis. A case report and review of the literature. 395 9

Clinical trials of the antiviral action of interferon have shown an effect on the replication of several viruses including varicella zoster, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B. These studies indicate that administration early in the course of infection, or in some clinical circumstances, prophylactic administration, is likely to result in viral inhibition. The studies of interferon efficacy in topical application, as in prevention of recurrent herpes simplex keratitis, have shown limited efficacy except with very high doses. These studies are being pursued with more concentrated preparations of interferon. The evaluation of interferon in human malignancy is just beginning, but some encouraging results have been obtained in open trials of the drug in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and other diseases. With newer methods for the production of interferon, it may be possible to evaluate its antiviral and anti-tumor effects in carefully controlled studies with larger numbers of subjects.
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PMID:Interferon as an antiviral and anti-tumor therapeutic agent. 616 51

Preclinical as well as clinical studies with fibroblast interferon (IFN) are still lagging behind on those with leukocyte interferon. Its side-effects seem to be less pronounced than those of human IFN-alpha, yet it may be slightly pyrogenic after intravenous injection. Pyrogenicity of current impure preparations might for the larger part be due to impurities. Higher doses of HuIFN-beta than of HuIFN-alpha are required to obtain measurable blood titers by intramuscular injections. Since there is concern about this being due to destruction of the interferon before it has reached its target organ(s), most current clinical studies use either local (e.g. intratumoral) treatment or intravenous infusions. A study of topical treatment for acute rhinovirus infection has indicated that there is very little if any chance for fibroblast interferon to be a clinically useful substance to prevent or cure common cold. In herpetic dendritic keratitis eye drops of fibroblast interferon may be useful as such or in combination with debridement. Topical treatment of warts (multiple intralesional injections) has been shown to yield a high success rate, especially in the case of verrucae vulgares, but less so in the case of verrucae planae juveniles. Studies on condyloma accuminatum are not so far advanced as to permit a documented conclusion. Topical (intralesional) treatment of neoplastic diseases has been investigated, especially in Japan, to demonstrate that fibroblast interferon does have an antineoplastic effect in vivo. While there seems to be little doubt that local delivery does indeed cause tumor nodules to regress, the question is whether this procedure can offer a true clinical benefit to the patient. Systemic (intravenous) administration for chronic hepatitis B has been investigated further: given alone or in combination with adenine-arabinoside, fibroblast interferon seems to be able to reduce the level of viral activity. Whether this will lead to a generally accepted treatment of chronic active hepatitis is difficult to say at this moment. In treating herpes zoster in cancer patients, results have been obtained which are comparable to those found for leukocyte interferon. The practical significance of this finding must be seen in the perspective of recent developments in the chemotherapy of herpes zoster. In breast cancer patients given intramuscular injections, metastases in the skin, but not in other organs, showed alterations suggestive of an effect on tumor progression. Yet there was no true clinical benefit for the patient. In other tumors, e.g. head and neck epithelioma, no effect was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The clinical application of fibroblast interferon--an overview. 640 34

Fusarium is an ubiquitous fungus commonly found in soil and on plants. Human infection usually occurs as a result of inoculation of the organism through the body surface, thus causing skin infection, onychomycosis, keratitis, endophthalmitis and arthritis. Dissemination may occur in subjects with underlying immunodeficiency. Among immunocompromised hosts, Fusarium sp. is an emerging pathogen in neutropenic patients. To our knowledge, since 1973, when the first disseminated fusariosis in a child with acute leukemia was reported, about 80 new cases have been reported, mainly occurring in patients with haematologic malignancies. Specific portals of entry are not well understood, nevertheless the respiratory tract, colonised gastrointestinal tract, onychomycosis, disrupted skin barrier and central venous catheter have been reported as entry sites of deep seated Fusarium infections. Fever, positive blood cultures, severe myalgias, disseminated ecthyma gangrenosum-like skin lesions, ocular symptoms and multiple-organ-system involvement are distinctive features in most cases of disseminated fusariosis. The prognosis is very poor with death generally following despite antifungal therapy, unless an increase in the white blood cell count occurs. All available antifungal drugs show a low activity against the various species of Fusarium. Nevertheless, amphotericin B seems to have the highest in vitro activity and, even if it does not appear to be effective in persistently neutropenic patients, it should be currently considered to be the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Clinical patterns of Fusarium infections in immunocompromised patients. 807 92

The goal of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer is to destroy cancer cells and preserve functional surrounding normal cells. Although all radiation for pediatric cancers does not result in complications of the eye, acute and long-term radiation effects can occur after treatment. Acute radiation effects to the eye include erythema, epilation, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, iritis, and retinal edema. Long-term radiation effects include tissue necrosis, decreased tear production, telangiectasia, scleral melting, cataract, corneal neovascularization, radiation retinopathy, retarded bone growth (of bones within the irradiated field), and radiation-induced cancers. Nursing interventions and implications will be presented in conjunction with medical management for each of these acute and long-term effects.
Cancer Nurs 1993 Oct
PMID:Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. 826 86

The treatment modalities and prognosis of 636 retinoblastoma (RB) cases diagnosed and treated in our specialist center between 1963 and 1994 were evaluated. Patient age ranged from 20 days to 16 years, the mean age being 2.2 years (26.4 months). Of the 636 cases, 441 were unilateral and 195 were bilateral. Enucleation was the most frequent treatment employed in unilateral RB patients (412 cases). Follow-up treatment included exenteration (48 cases), radiotherapy (154 cases) and chemotherapy (108 cases) for cases with optic nerve invasion and/or orbital recurrence following enucleation. Seventeen cases displayed massive proptosis, ocular damage and blindness at initial presentation and underwent exenteration as the initial treatment. Two cases were subjected to external beam radiotherapy without invasive surgical procedures. Ten cases regressed spontaneously without treatment. For bilateral cases, the most frequent treatment used was enucleation for one eye and radiotherapy for the other (132 cases). Adjuvant treatment included exenteration (9 cases) and chemotherapy (50 cases) depending on orbital recurrence and/or systemic metastasis. Spontaneous bilateral regression was noted in one case. Six cases underwent bilateral external beam radiotherapy without surgery. One eye of the remaining 56 bilateral cases underwent enucleation. The treatment for the contralateral eyes included cryotherapy in 14 cases, enucleation in 11 cases, Cobalt plaque (Co plaque) therapy in 10 cases, photocoagulation in 6 cases and exenteration in one case. No treatment was undertaken in the contralateral eyes of 14 cases. Secondary treatment modalities employed in these 56 bilateral cases were radiotherapy (11 cases), chemotherapy (8 cases), Co plaque (8 cases) and exenteration (5 cases). Treatment complications were detected in 25 cases followed for at least 18 months. Eighteen cases had radiation cataracts and 6 of these 18 patients underwent intraocular lens implantation. Post-radiation orbital malignancy (osteosarcoma) was noted in two cases aged 14 and 15 years. Phthisis bulbi was observed in three cases and radiation keratitis in two cases. The overall survival rate was 82.2% after a mean follow-up of 5 years. The survival rate of unilateral cases was 82.8% and that of bilateral cases was 81.1% at 5 years.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma in Turkey--treatment and prognosis. 873 6

During a 3-year period, 25 caudalis dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) operations were done for severe, facial pain. Intraoperative brainstem recordings were done before and after DREZ in all patients. Primary diagnosis included refractory trigeminal neuralgia, atypical headaches or facial pain, posttraumatic closed head injuries, postsurgical anesthesia dolorosa, multiple sclerosis, brainstem infarction, postherpetic neuralgia and cancer-related pain. At the time of discharge, good to excellent pain relief was present in 24/25 patients and fair relief in 1. At 1 month, 19/25 (76%) patients had good to excellent results and at 3 months following surgery, 17/25 (68%) continued to have good to excellent pain relief. One year following surgery, 18 patients could be evaluated, 12/18 (67%) still considered their relief as good to excellent, 2 fair and 4 poor. Transient postoperative ataxia was present in 15/25 patients (60%), but was largely resolved at 1 months. In 3/18 (17%) patients, a degree of ataxia was still present at 1 year although in none was it disabling. Two patients had transient diplopia, and 3 had increased corneal anesthesia with 1 later developing a keratitis. No surgical or postsurgical mortality was noted. This procedure has proven to be a satisfactory treatment for many patients with debilitating facial pain syndromes with acceptable morbidity.
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PMID:The caudalis DREZ for facial pain. 971 11

Reaction of alkyl/arylsulfonyl halides with glycine afforded a series of derivatives which were first N-benzylated by treatment with benzyl chloride, and then converted to the corresponding hydroxamic acids with hydroxylamine in the presence of carbodiimide derivatives. Other derivatives were obtained by reaction of N-benzyl-glycine with aryl isocyanates, arylsulfonyl isocyanates or benzoyl isothiocyanate, followed by conversion of their COOH group into the CONHOH moiety, as mentioned above. The 90 new compounds reported here were assayed as inhibitors of the Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3), a zinc enzyme which degrades triple helical regions of native collagen. The prepared hydroxamate derivatives were generally 100-500 times more active than the corresponding carboxylates. In the series of synthesized hydroxamates, substitution patterns leading to the best inhibitors were those involving perfluoroalkylsulfonyl- and substituted-arylsulfonyl moieties, such as pentafluorophenylsulfonyl, 3- and 4-carboxyphenylsulfonyl-, 3-trifluoromethyl-phenylsulfonyl or 1- and 2-naphthyl among others. Thus, it seems that similarly to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) hydroxamate inhibitors, Clostridium histolyticum collagenase inhibitors should incorporate hydrophobic moieties at the P(1') and P(2') sites, whereas the alpha-carbon substituent may be a small and compact moiety (such as H, for the Gly derivatives reported here). Such compounds might lead to the design of collagenase inhibitor-based drugs useful as anti-cancer, anti-arthritis or anti-bacterial agents for the treatment of corneal keratitis.
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PMID:Protease inhibitors - part 5. Alkyl/arylsulfonyl- and arylsulfonylureido-/arylureido- glycine hydroxamate inhibitors of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. 1078 56

Because of the wide variety of x-rays now available, selectivity is possible and important in treatment of diseases of the eye. By the use of short-range radiation, newly developed eye shields and the insulation of the eyelid itself, and by careful angulation of the beam, the desired irradiation can be given where it is needed without injury to surrounding tissues. The authors have found the 50 kv x-ray unit to be the most reliable and adaptable for most circumstances. The skin of the eyelid reacts to irradiation more sensitively than other tissues. The cornea reacts with keratitis and sometimes intractable ulceration. The iris, uveal tract and retina are less seriously affected. At the University of California Hospital irradiation has been found satisfactory for treatment of corneal ulcer, keratitis, pterygium, certain types of conjunctivitis, episcleritis, corneal vascularization, iritis, uveitis, and hemangioma. Irradiation may be of great benefit in absolute glaucoma with pain and blindness. Of 42 patients with carcinoma of the eyelid treated between 1935 and 1946, 27 had no recurrence in five years, 5 had recurrence, 7 died of other causes and follow-up was incomplete on 3. Good cosmetic result was usually achieved. No recurrence has been observed in 22 patients treated since 1946. Irradiation has been used with success in other kinds of cancer of the eye structures.
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PMID:Radiation therapy in diseases of the eye. 1312 10

Fusarium species frequently implicated in human infections include F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme. Among immunocompetent patients, tissue breakdown (as caused by trauma, severe burns or foreign body) is the risk factor for fusariosis. Infections include keratitis, onychomycosis and occasionally peritonitis and cellulitis. Treatment is usually successful and requires removal of the foreign body as well as antifungal therapy. Among immunocompromised patients, mainly patients with haematological malignancies, Fusarium spp. are the second most common pathogenic mould. Risk factors for disseminated fusariosis include severe immunosuppression (neutropenia, lymphopenia, graft-versus-host disease, corticosteroids), colonisation, tissue damage, and receipt of a graft from an HLA-mismatched or unrelated donor. Clinical presentation includes refractory fever (> 90%), skin lesions and sino-pulmonary infections ( approximately 75%). Type of skin lesions includes ecthyma-like, target, and multiple subcutaneous nodules. Skin lesions lead to diagnosis in > 50% of patients and precede fungemia by approximately 5 days. In contrast to disseminated aspergillosis, disseminated fusariosis can be diagnosed by blood cultures in 40% of patients. Histopathology reveals hyaline acute-branching septate hyphae similar to those found in aspergillosis. Mortality from fusarial infections in immunocompromised patients ranges from 50% to 80%. Host immune status is the single most important factor predicting outcome. Persistent neutropenia and corticosteroid therapy significantly affect survival. Optimal treatment has not been established. Anecdotal successes have been reported with various agents (high-dose amphotericin B, lipid-based amphotericin B formulations, itraconazole, voriconazole) and with cytokine-stimulated granulocyte transfusions. Preventing fusariosis relies on detection and treatment of cutaneous damage prior to commencing immunosuppression and decreasing environmental exposure to Fusaria (via air and water).
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PMID:Human fusariosis. 1474 3


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