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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enteric free flaps have proven to be useful in the reconstruction of the esophagus. This study was designed to determine whether cold preservation can prolong the ischemia time of enteric flaps from the distal small bowel. Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the abdomen was opened at the midline. Two 10-cm portions of the distal small bowel were identified and dissected out on a single pedicle. The bowel was then divided, and one segment was cooled with iced saline sponges while the second segment was not. The blood supply to both segments was then clamped. After 2 hours, the bowel was reanastomosed, and the cold segment was marked. Twenty-four hours later, the dogs were reanesthetized and given fluorescein and the bowel was then examined under the Woods lamp. Sections from both the warm ischemia and cold ischemia bowel were examined histologically. Results indicated that cooling the bowel can retard histologic changes that ischemia produces in the bowel.
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PMID:Cold preservation of enteric free flaps: an experimental study. 835 Mar 68

In rodents, postischemic hypothermia can provide robust and long-term functional and histological neuroprotection, even when intervention is delayed for several hours following ischemia. This generates a need to follow temperature precisely for many hours, perhaps several days if a hypothermic effect is to be studied or excluded. Such protracted temperature control (> 24 h) is difficult and often lethal when performed under general anesthesia. In awake animals, manual temperature control is safer, but exceedingly time consuming and tedious, and is impractical for large experiments. The present method allows for continuous brain temperature measurement and control in free-moving rats and gerbils. Brain temperature was measured by wireless AM probes while feedback regulation was achieved by servo-control of a lamp, fan and water misting system. Hypothermia was easily induced and maintained for 24 h at 32 degrees C in both gerbils and rats. Gerbils also tolerated 24 h at 32 degrees C followed by 24 h at 34 degrees C. This 'exposure technique' is capable of safely producing lengthy periods of mild hypothermia in rats and gerbils. Furthermore, this method can clamp temperature when temperature-altering drugs are given. For example, temperature was maintained in MK-801 drugged gerbils. The system is, therefore, eminently suitable for drug neuroprotection studies in brain ischemia.
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PMID:An automated system for regulating brain temperature in awake and freely moving rodents. 887 84

To prevent unphysiological temperature fluctuations in the myocardium in the open-chest model, we constructed a thermocage. Five pigs under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia underwent repetitive left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusions. Myocardial temperature was measured without any thoracic temperature-controlling device and in the presence of either a heating lamp or the thermocage. Without any thoracic temperature-controlling device, the temperature at 5-mm myocardial depth was 1.28 +/- 0.33 degrees C below the intra-abdominal temperature (P < 0.05). During a proximal 5-min LAD occlusion, myocardial temperature decreased by 1.86 +/- 1.02 degrees C in the ischemic area (P < 0.05). Both the heating lamp and the thermocage abolished the difference between intra-abdominal and myocardial temperatures and prevented the decrease in myocardial temperature during ischemia. Only the thermocage minimized myocardial temperature fluctuations due to air currents and prevented epicardial exsiccation. We conclude that either a thermocage or a heating lamp may be used to normalize myocardial temperature in the open-chest pig model. However, the thermocage is superior to the lamp in minimizing temperature fluctuations and preventing epicardial exsiccation.
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PMID:A new approach to normalize myocardial temperature in the open-chest pig model. 960 17

Gangliosides, the glycophospholipids which are abundantly present in the central nervous system, have been shown to stimulate neuronal regeneration and counteract the deleterious effects of ischemia on cerebral neurons. The further elucidate the mechanism of action of gangliosides in cerebral ischemia, we investigated the influence of GM1 ganglioside in the model of photochemically-induced microvascular injury in rat brain. The animals were injected with rose Bengal and illuminated through cranium with halogen lamp. This treatment resulted in the development of microthrombi and alterations in endothelial cells in the microvessels. Administration of 20 mg/kg GM1 ganglioside, 1 h before the photochemical reaction, largely reduced subsequent microvascular damage. In conclusion, the GM1 ganglioside is able to prevent microvascular damage in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of GM1 ganglioside on photochemically-induced microvascular injury in cerebral cortex and hypophysis in rat. 1096 84

We have developed a system with two epi-illumination sources, a DC-regulated lamp for transillumination and mechanical switches for rapid shift of illumination and detection of defined areas (250-750 microm(2)) by fluorescence and phosphorescence videomicroscopy. The system permits investigation of standard microvascular parameters, vascular permeability as well as intra- and extravascular PO2 by phosphorescence quenching of Pd-meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (PORPH). A Pechan prism was used to position a defined region over the photomultiplier and TV camera. In order to validate the system for in vivo use, in vitro tests were performed with probes at concentrations that can be found in microvascular studies. Extensive in vitro evaluations were performed by filling glass capillaries with solutions of various concentrations of FITC-dextran (diluted in blood and in saline) mixed with different amounts of PORPH. Fluorescence intensity and phosphorescence decay were determined for each mixture. FITC-dextran solutions without PORPH and PORPH solutions without FITC-dextran were used as references. Phosphorescence decay curves were relatively unaffected by the presence of FITC-dextran at all concentrations tested (0.1 microg/ml to 5 mg/ml). Likewise, fluorescence determinations were performed in the presence of PORPH (0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml). The system was successfully used to study macromolecular extravasation and PO2 in the rat mesentery circulation under controlled conditions and during ischemia-reperfusion.
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PMID:Determination of macromolecular exchange and PO2 in the microcirculation: a simple system for in vivo fluorescence and phosphorescence videomicroscopy. 1115 Oct 39

Pretreatment with 17beta-estradiol attenuates ischemia-induced hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) neuronal death. We assessed whether this is mediated through prevention of hyperthermia that normally follows ischemia in gerbils. Male gerbils were given sustained-released 17beta-estradiol pellets or sham operation. Later, a guide cannula was implanted for brain temperature measurement and some were implanted with core temperature telemetry probes. Gerbils were subjected to either 5 min bilateral carotid artery occlusion or sham procedures 2 weeks after pellet surgery. Brain temperature was normothermic during surgery in all cases. In experiment 1, only core temperature was measured afterward in untreated and estrogen-treated gerbils. In experiment 2, postischemic core temperature was measured in untreated and two estrogen-treated ischemic groups, one of which had their postischemic temperature increased, via infrared lamp, to mimic the untreated group. Habituation was assessed on days 5 and 6. Hyperthermia, like that which occurs spontaneously, was forced on untreated and estrogen-treated ischemic animals in the third experiment, where brain temperature was measured. CA1 cell counts were assessed after a 7-day survival. A fourth experiment measured brain and core temperature simultaneously in normal gerbils during heating with an infrared lamp. Estrogen did not affect core temperature of non-ischemic gerbils whereas spontaneous postischemic hyperthermia was blocked. Estrogen reduced cell death and provided behavioral protection when gerbils regulated their own core temperature, but not when core hyperthermia was enforced. Conversely, estrogen reduced cell death in gerbils that had their brain temperature elevated. Experiment 4 showed that the brain becomes overheated (by approximately 1 degree C) when core temperature is elevated. Accordingly, estrogen likely failed to reduce CA1 injury in experiment 2, when core hyperthermia was enforced, because of overheating the brain. In conclusion, estrogen reduces CA1 cell death by mechanisms other than preventing hyperthermia. Our results also suggest that future studies regulate brain instead of body temperature.
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PMID:17beta-estradiol pretreatment reduces CA1 sector cell death and the spontaneous hyperthermia that follows forebrain ischemia in the gerbil. 1548 41

We describe an approach to measure changes in intracellular calcium along with changes in blood volume and oxygenation directly from the exposed rat cortex in vivo during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Measurements were made using a catheter-based optical system. The endface of a Y-shaped bifurcated fiber optic bundle was mounted on the cortical surface. It delivered the light at three wavelengths of 548, 555, and 572 nm to the brain through a fast monochromator coupled to a xenon lamp, and collected the calcium-dependent fluorescence emission from Rhod2 at 589 nm (excited at 548 nm) along with the diffuse reflections at the wavelengths of 555 and 572 nm to determine the changes in blood volume and hemoglobin oxygenation. The feasibility of this approach was experimentally examined by inducing transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. The ischemia induced an 8.5%+/-1.7% fluorescence increase compared with the preischemic control values. Blood volume and tissue hemoglobin oxygenation decreased by 57.4%+/-12.6% and 47.3%+/-12.5%, respectively. All signals normalized on reperfusion. The ischemia-induced change in Rhod2-Ca2+ fluorescence was blocked using a calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, confirming that intracellular changes in calcium were responsible for the fluorescence changes. Thus, changes in cerebral hemodynamics and intracellular calcium concentration changes were measured simultaneously, facilitating future studies of the interrelationship between neuronal activation and metabolic and vascular processes in normal and diseased brain.
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PMID:Simultaneous detection of blood volume, oxygenation, and intracellular calcium changes during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in vivo using diffuse reflectance and fluorescence. 1574 44

We present a case of successful superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane grafting to re-establish ocular surface from denuded stroma and significant limbal ischemia caused by a cement splash. We fully documented a case report about the sequels, complications and management strategies of a chemical burn to the eyes associated with a cement splash. Slit lamp examination, visual acuity test as well as all common cultures and stains were performed to measure the outcome. Visual acuity significantly improved from 0.2 to best-corrected visual acuity 0.7 at the 5-month postoperative visit. The cornea regained its clarity. Total re-epithelialization of the injured area was observed. It is of primary importance to remove all the debris from a cement splash at the first available opportunity. Superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane grafting may be the best methods for the re-epithelialization and reconstruction of the ocular surface.
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PMID:Sequels, complications and management of a chemical burn associated with cement splash. 1705 42

Acute bowel ischemia continues to have a high mortality rate. The main factor related to this poor outcome is considered to be the delay in diagnosis. The ability to detect ischemia early and to assess the extent of bowel involvement, are the most important aspects of successful treatment. The combination of ultraviolet (UV) light and fluorescein dye would be considered a simple, reliable and technically easy procedure for diagnosis of intestinal ischemia. The method can be used both for laparotomy when the source of UV light is a Wood's lamp as well for laparoscopy when the optical filters are placed to the light source of laparoscopic set to produce UV light. Present clinical experience shows that the method is precise, objective and accessible and that it gives a greater amount of independence to the surgeon allowing him to make the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia without having to rely on the assistance of other specialists.
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PMID:[Peroperative diagnostics of acute bowel ischemia using ultraviolet light and fluorescein dye]. 2005 43

Retinal vein occlusions are a common vascular disease of the eye. Ophthalmological diagnostic procedures and imaging are important for the prognosis of the disease, as are the systemic work-up and therapy. Besides routine ophthalmic tests (visual acuity, slit lamp examination, funduscopy) a work-up for glaucoma such as intraocular pressure, visual field or 24 h IOP profile is useful as a diagnostic procedure. Furthermore, new diagnostic and imaging tests such as central corneal thickness and optic nerve head imaging by Heidelberg retina tomography or optical coherence tomography (OCT) should be considered for glaucoma evaluation. Optical coherence tomography also plays a major role in treatment monitoring of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions. Fluorescein angiography is well established and can provide information with regard to size and extent of the occlusion, degree of ischemia, areas of non-perfusion and neovascularization, as well as macular edema.
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic diagnostic procedures and imaging of retinal vein occlusions]. 2133 83


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