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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mongrel dogs (23) were subjected to the experimental study characterizing the effect of noncoronary blood flow upon myocardial mitochondrial respiration. Anoxic arrest for 60 minutes was obtained by cross-clamping of the aorta under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, and heart was reperfused for 10 minutes, then heart was excised to obtain the endocardium, epicardium of the left ventricle and ventricular septum for study of mitochondrial function and myocardial blood flow. Myocardial blood flow was measured with carbonized plastic tracer 46Sc during cross-clamping of the aorta. Noncoronary blood flow showed equal distribution in the left ventricle and septum with flow of 0.16 +/- 0.23 ml/ min/100g (endocardium). Mitochondrial respiratory function following 60 minutes of hypothermic anoxic arrest at 20 degrees C recovered to normal level, and also no correlation was demonstrated between noncoronary blood flow during cross-clamping of the aorta and mitochondrial respiratory function. It was concluded that noncoronary blood flow was negligible with respect to the oxygen demand at 20 degrees C of myocardial temperature, and that noncoronary blood flow during cross-clamping of the aorta was not correlated to mitochondrial protection from ischemia.
Jpn J Surg 1979 Dec
PMID:Effect of noncoronary blood flow upon myocardial mitochondrial function during hypothermic anoxic arrest. 54 86

In experiments in dogs rubber tourniquets were tied around both hind limbs as close to the hip as possible, and a 4-h acute ischemia was induced. With the removal of the tourniquets the tourniquet-shock was produced. In a control group no therapy of the shock was carried out. The animals were observed for 6 h. In a second group, methylprednisolone 40 mg/kg BW was given immediately after revascularisation. In a third group, methylprednisolone 40 mg/kg was given prophylactically 10 min before the tourniquets were applied and therapeutically as soon as the blood circulation was opened. Hemodynamic parameters and renal function were measured to examine the pharmacological effect of methylprednisolone in acute tourniquet-shock. The mortality rate in the control group was 90%, while it was 50% by therapeutic and/or prophylactic application of methylprednisolone. The prophylactic application of methylprednisolone reduced development of metabolic acidosis, hemoconcentration, and hyperkaliemia during ischemia so that a mitigated course of shock was observed.
Res Exp Med (Berl) 1979 Dec
PMID:[The effect of methylprednisolone on the course of the experimental tourniquet-shock in dogs (author's transl)]. 54 26

Ischemic colitis or proctitis shows three evolutionary stages. a. complete recovery, b. fibrous stenosis, and c. acute ischemia leading to gangrene. The two first stages result more frequently from hemodynamic disorders than from vascular occlusions because, in the presence of the latter, collateral circulation develops. In addition, the colonic ischemia occurs in a septic medium in the presence of an abundant microbial flora which may be highly pathogenic.
Chirurg 1979 Dec
PMID:[Blood flow disorders of the colon and rectum and their therapy]. 54 43

The hypothesis was investigated that cigarette smoking obstructs the blood flow response that develops as a protection against tissue damage in an organ subjected to ischemia (reactive hyperemia). Forearm blood flow was recorded at rest and following forearm ischemia before and after cigarette smoking in healthy male and female volunteers. The experiments were also repeated after pre-treatment of the subjects with indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. Before pre-treatment with indomethacin, ischemia induced a reactive hyperemia amounting to 20 +/- 4 ml/100 ml tissue. This hyperemia was significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced by cigarette smoking, to 12 +/- 3 ml/100 ml tissue. After indomethacin, which in itself lowered the reactive hyperemia to 8 +/- 2 ml/100 ml tissue, smoking did not elicit any effect. It is suggested that smoking counteracts reactive hyperemia in tissues by interfering with the same physiological mechanism as indomethacin, i.e. with the vascular formation of PG. The possible significance of this observation in relation to cigarette smoking and ischemic heart disease is stressed.
Prostaglandins Med 1979 Dec
PMID:Cigarette smoking, prostaglandins and reactive hyperemia. 55 Jan 58

A method is described to determine local oxygen consumption quantitatively in the brain cortex under in vivo conditions. Local oxygen consumption is calculated from the slope of local tissue PO2 decrease during a few seconds of total ischemia of the brain for each second after the stop of circulation. The decrease of tissue PO2 is recorded simultaneously at several measuring sites. To be independent of oxygen chemically bound to hemoglobin, tissue PO2 values are raised above 100 Torr. The calculation of local oxygen consumption for each second during the short period of ischemia showed that the O2 consumption remains constant only for a few seconds ranging from 5 to maximally 15 s at different locations. The O2 consumption decreases continuously although the tissue PO2 values are still above the full saturation of hemoglobin. The rate of local oxygen consumption varies considerably at different measuring sites of the superficial layers of the brain cortex (cat). The mean value amounts to 3 +/- 1.5 ml O2/100 g tissue and minute.
Pflugers Arch 1977 Dec 12
PMID:Direct determination of local oxygen consumption of the brain cortex in vivo. 56 39

Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, a chronic vascular dementia with hydrocephalus, was characterized pathologically in five patients by severe thickening of small vessels and by diffuse regions of white matter loss with gliosis. Lacunar infarcts were also present. The clinical picture in 11 patients was characterized by: (1) persistent hypertension and systemic vascular disease; (2) acute strokes; (3) subacute accumulation of focal neurologic symptoms and signs over weeks to months; (4) long plateau periods; (5) lengthy clinical course; (6) dementia; (7) prominent motor signs and pseudobulbar palsy and; (8) hydrocephalus. The pathogenesis of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is unknown; possible mechanisms include diffuse ischemia and fluid transudation with subsequent gliosis related to subacute hypertensive encephalopathy.
Neurology 1978 Dec
PMID:Clinical features of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease). 56 79

Surgical teaching has suggested that renal nonfunction of more than a few days' duration usually precludes success of revascularization procedures. The efficacy of delayed renal revascularization in selected cases has been reported. In this case, the intravenous pyelogram, renal scan, and ureteral catheterization verified nonfunction 30 days before surgical correction of essentially complete atheromatous occlusion of the renal artery. Postoperative studies conducted six weeks and 18 months postoperatively showed normal bilateral renal function. Current temporal limitations on attempts to preserve renal tissue may be too stringent. Revascularization of kidneys may be successful after prolonged periods of ischemia.
JAMA 1977 Dec 05
PMID:Successful renal revascularization after prolonged nonfunction. 57 88

Arterial thromboembolism is a recognized complication of systemic heparin therapy. Characteristic of the entity is arterial occlusion by platelet-fibrin thrombi with distal ischemia occurring four to twenty days after the initiation of heparin therapy, preceded by profound thrombocytopenia with platelet counts in the range of 30,000 to 40,000 per cubic millimeter. The clinically apparent occlusion may be preceded by gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms that appear to be ischemic in origin, and might serve to warn the clinician of these complications. Previous reports of these phenomena as well as recent studies of the effect of heparin are reviewed. The common factor relating thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia is heparin-induced platelet aggregation. Appropriate treatment consists of discontinuation of heparin, and anticoagulation with sodium warfarin if necessary. Vascular procedures are performed as indicated.
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977 Dec
PMID:Arterial thromboembolism in patients receiving systemic heparin therapy: a complication associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 59 36

Cardiac lymphatics exist as a network of intercommunicating channels in the myocardium and heart valves, and chronic obstruction of these vessels may result in endomyocardial fibrosis and mucoid degeneration of heart valves. The acute effects of experimental cardiac lymphatic obstruction were studied in the dog. Subendocardial edema and hemorrhage occurred within 150 minutes of the ligation of cardiac lymphatics. Ischemia-type myocardial injury was also observed. Attional changes detectable ultrastructurally included lymphangiectasia, myofibrillar degeneration, disruption of Z-band and intercalated disks, and various mitochondrial derangements. The spottiness of the changes was attributable to the known anatomic variability of lymphatic distribution in the heart. The findings reinforce the belief that greater attention should be focused on the role of cardiac lymphatics in the pathogenesis of a multitude of myocardial and vavular heart diseases.
Mayo Clin Proc 1977 Dec
PMID:Cardiac lymphatic obstruction: ultrastructure of acute-phase myocardial injury in dogs. 59 92

Anterior segment ischemia is perhaps the most rare ocular manifestation of temporal arteritis. We described a 73-year-old woman with anterior segment ischemia in the course of temporal arteritis. Early recognition of the syndrome and treatment with high doses of steroids led to visual recovery in the involved eye.
South Med J 1977 Dec
PMID:Anterior segment ischemia in temporal arteritis. 59 6


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