Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence is mounting that three drugs that inhibit platelet function--aspirin, dipyridamole, and sulfinpyrazine--have an antithrombotic effect in humans. Particularly in men, aspirin is beneficial in controlling transient ischemic attacks and stroke, and there is evidence that it may be effective in preventing thrombotic and embolic complication of hip surgery. It abolishes symptoms in peripheral ischemia associated with thrombocytosis and spontaneous platelet aggregation and may prove effective in coronary artery disease. When combined with oral anticoagulants, aspirin is more effective than oral anticoagulants alone in preventing systemic embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Dipyridamole in combination with oral anticoagulants reduces the incidence of systemic embolism after prosthetic heart valve replacement. Sulfinpyrazone reduces the incidence of sudden death in the first year after myocardial infarction, decreases the incidence of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, and when combined with anticoagulants, may be effective in reducing the frequency of episodes in recurrent venous thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:Antiplatelet drugs in thromboembolism. 38 46

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A.I.O.N.) may cause optic disc edema in type-I diabetes. A.I.O.N. affects diabetic patients of all ages. Such optic neuropathy is more likely to become bilateral in diabetics than in the non-diabetic subjects. A 41-year-old diabetic insulin-dependent woman presented A.I.O.N. in RE; 5 years later, the same affection occurred in LE. The clinical course was relatively benign in both eyes, with good functional restitution. The patient was treated by high doses of Sodium Salicylate and Sulfinpyrazone. The pathogenesis of optic disc edema in type-I diabetes is, according to Hayreh (1981), ischemia of different grade in the district of the posterior ciliary arteries: microangiopathy, rheological anomalies and atherosclerotic added lesions produce a variability of clinical pictures of increasing seriousness. Our case has an intermediate position in such a continuous spectrum. The VEP supported the diagnosia of A.I.O.N.
 ...
PMID:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in type I diabetes. 345 16

Four drugs that inhibit platelet function have been evaluated for their antithrombotic effects in humans. These are aspirin, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine and sulphinpyrazone. Aspirin has been shown to reduce the number of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), stroke and death in patients with multiple TIA. The reduction in TIA was greatest in males who were normotensive and when there was an angiographically demonstrated lesion in the carotid artery that accounted for the symptoms. Aspirin reduced venous thrombosis and non-fatal and fatal pulmonary embolism in patients after surgery for fractured hip and after elective hip replacement. There is evidence that the prophylactic effect of aspirin may be greater in male patients. Aspirin reduced the frequency of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis. Aspirin abolished symptoms in patients with peripheral ischemia associated with thrombocytosis and spontaneous platelet aggregation. There is no conclusive evidence at the present time that aspirin is effective in patients with coronary artery artery disease. Dipyridamole in combination with oral anticoagulants is effective in reducing the frequency of systemic embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valve replacement but is ineffective in patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks or for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Hydroxychloroquine was effective in reducing postoperative venous thrombosis in patients undergoing general abdominothoracic surgery but the evidence that it was effective in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery is inconclusive. Sulphinpyrazone may be effective in reducing the frequency of sudden cardiac deaths in patients in the first year after myocardial infarction when it is started within 25 to 35 days after the infarction. Sulphinpyrazone reduced the incidence of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and in combination with anticoagulants, it reduced the frequency of recurrent venous thrombosis. There have been no large scale trials of platelet suppressant drugs in clinical cancer and successful treatment of thromboembolic disorders cannot be used to predict success in the treatment of malignant disease.
 ...
PMID:Antithrombotic effects of drugs which suppress platelet function: their potential in prevention growth of tumour cells. 705 Oct 35

The effects of sulfinpyrazone were studied in 33 chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Ventricular fibrillation thresholds, mid diastolic thresholds and duration of the effective refractory period were determined in the normal heart after intravenous administration of sulfinpyrazone, 30 mg/kg body weight. The drug significantly raised the ventricular fibrillation threshold by 24 percent and the mid diastolic threshold by 36 percent and prolonged the effective refractory period by seven percent. The influence of sulfinpyrazone during acute myocardial ischemia was evaluated before and during a 10 minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and after abrupt release of the occlusion. Although the drug afforded significant protection during coronary occlusion, it had no effect on the ventricular fibrillation threshold after reperfusion. Because potent cardiocardiac reflexes are elicited during ischemia, the influence of sulfinpyrazone on the ventricular fibrillation threshold was studied during norepinephrine infusion. Sulfinpyrazone attenuated the reduction of the ventricular fibrillation threshold during sympathetic humoral stimulation. Its effect was additive to beta adrenergic blockade with practolol and membrane stabilization with lidocaine. This investigation suggests that sulfinpyrazone exerts significant effects on ventricular vulnerability of both the normal and the ischemic myocardium. Further studies are needed to elucidate its precise mechanism of action.
 ...
PMID:Effects of sulfinpyrazone on ventricular vulnerability in the normal and the ischemic heart. 710 58

The effect of sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) on the extent of myocardial lesions caused by coronary ligation or isoproterenol, 5 mg/kg subcutaneously, was determined in the rat. Treatment was with sulfinpyrazone, 15 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days before the cardiac insult, or 21 days after the insult, or both. Pretreatment with sulfinpyrazone reduced isoproterenol-induced lesions by 42%. Treatment after isoproterenol had no significant effect. With coronary ligation, treatment before or after operation significantly reduced the size of infarct, pretreatment by 42%, post-treatment by 33%. The results provide evidence that sulfinpyrazone may have a clinically useful protective effect in individuals at risk of cardiac ischemia, as suggested in the Anturane Reinfarction Trial.
 ...
PMID:Reduction in the severity of myocardial infarction by sulfinpyrazone. 725 86