Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Superoxide dismutases (SOD) and their changes in diabetes, aging, ischemia and cancer were studied, Cu, Zn-SOD undergoes glycation reaction in vitro and in vivo and loses its activity by formation of Amadori compounds. Two lysine residues of Cu, Zn-SOD, Lys-122 and Lys-128 are primary glycated sites which are located on the surface of the molecule. The sites are also located on the active site liganding loop which plays a major role in the activity. The glycated Cu, Zn-SOD increased in the red cells of diabetic patients, especially those with diabetic complications. Mn-SOD appears in the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction in a biphasic manner. The enzyme appears in sera 16 hr and 108 hr after the attack as determined by ELISA. The Mn-SOD levels are also increased in the serum of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and it is a good marker for detecting and monitoring this cancer. Mn-SOD may play an important role in the ischemic and cancer tissues.
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PMID:[Superoxide dismutases: significances in aging, diabetes, ischemia and cancer]. 223 47

Between 1984 and 1989, 35 patients with recent arterial or graft occlusions have been treated with intra-arterial infusion using sequential association of Urokinase (U.K.) and Lys-Plasminogen. Occlusion was thrombotic in 68.5% of the cases ans embolic in 31.5%, involving 28 native arteries and 7 bypass grafts. The mean duration was 16 days (2 to 90). Continuous infusion of U.K.: 84,000 U.I./H and bolus of Lys-Plasminogen 15 microKatals every 30 minutes were delivered through a catheter embedded into the clot. Intra-venous heparin was always associated. The mean duration of lytic drug infusion was 8 H. Complementary arterial reconstruction by vascular surgery of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 23% of the patients. Patients with recent alimentary tract bleeding, hemorragic stroke in the last six months or severe high blood pressures were contra-indicated. Complete lysis was obtained in 23 cases (66%), partial lysis in 7 (20%) and no lysis in 5 (14%). The clinical result was excellent in 24 cases (68.5%), good in 3 (8.5%) and bad in 8 (23%) in which amputation was always necessary. 5 local hematoma (14%) treated by surgery or transfusion and one death (3%) due to neurological complication occurring 24 hours after the end of the procedure were observed. The literature survey has shown that the results of low doses of Streptokinase (S.K.) local infusions were not better, and that higher doses of S.K. or U.K. delivered during a shorter infusion time increased the efficacy of lysis and decreased the rate of hemorragic complications. We have proposed the local thrombolytic treatment to the limb threatening ischemic cases when the traditional medical or surgical techniques where thought to be associated to a high risk of failure or complication. The specific indications are the acute or sub-acute ischemic situation due to atheromatous artery thrombosis, distal or old embolism where the Fogarty catheter is inefficient, and graft thrombosis. Severe acute ischemia with neurologic involvement are not good indications. Local thrombolysis can be successful on arterial occlusion even after one month duration.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy of lower limb ischemia]. 237 17

Rats with a portacaval anastomosis and ligation of the hepatic artery 2 days later were infused for 6 hr with a 10% glucose solution (group I) or the same solution combined with 0.24 M/liter branched-chain amino acids (BCAA, group II). Control animals with portacaval anastomosis and sham-operation (group III) or two sham-operations (group IV) were infused with a 10% glucose solution. The rats were killed by decapitation and indoleamines and amino acids were determined in the brain. Rats with liver ischemia were stuporous at the end of the experiment irrespective of treatment. The concentrations in the cortex of lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, alanine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, and tyrosine were significantly increased in group I compared to group IV. Infusion of BCAA to rats with liver-ischemia (group II) resulted in significantly lower concentrations of lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine and tyrosine and increased concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, valine, and arginine compared to group I. The content of serotonin in the cortex and brain stem was significantly increased in group I compared with the BCAA-treated animals (group II) and the control groups III and IV. The concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cortex and brain stem were higher in group I than in group IV. Infusion of BCAA to rats with liver ischemia normalized the concentrations of 5-HIAA in the cortex and brain stem.
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PMID:Amino acids and indoleamines in the brain after infusion of branched-chain amino acids to rats with liver ischemia. 242 87

Published evidence suggests that ischemia-induced cell swelling renders myocytes vulnerable to plasmalemmal disruption and consequent cell death. Alterations to the myocyte cytoskeleton may be involved in the pathogenesis of this plasmalemmal injury. One putative cytoskeletal structure in cardiac muscle that has received little consideration is the subplasmalemmal network of periodic densities with linking microfilaments termed leptomeres or leptofibrils. We demonstrate these structures in dog heart papillary muscle and describe the improvement in their definition brought about by tissue fixation at 37 degrees C in 2% glutaraldehyde with addition of 0.05 M lysine-HCl, followed by brief postfixation with osmium tetroxide. Alterations to leptomeres during ischemic injury were examined in myocardium subjected to total in vitro ischemia for 30-180 min at 37 degrees C. Leptomeres showed little morphological alteration during the first 90-120 min, after which leptomere periodic densities (striae) increased in size, from 10-20 to 50-80 nm, and were more densely stained. The leptomeres eventually (150-180 minutes) lose definition. The course of these alterations coincided with the appearance of ultrastructural evidence of irreversible ischemic injury to the myocytes.
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PMID:Alterations to subplasmalemmal leptomeres in adult canine myocytes during total in vitro ischemia. 275 77

Sixty-two patients hospitalized for recent angiographically documented arterial occlusion in the legs (46 femoropopliteal arteries and 16 grafts) benefited from local fibrinolytic therapy delivered at the site of the occlusion with a No. 4F or No. 5F catheter. This therapy combined a continuous urokinase (UK) infusion of 1000 U/kg/hr and a lysyl plasminogen (LYS-PLG) infusion of 15 mukat every 30 minutes. Angiographically confirmed lysis was obtained in 77% of the cases. Five percent of the patients had major and 8% had minor groin hematomas. Only two patients had concentrations of fibrinogen as low as 100 mg/dl. Intravascular infusion of UK and LYS-PLG is as effective as streptokinase but produces lower systemic fibrinolysis. However, local fibrinolysis remains a potentially hazardous procedure (10% suffered major complications) and must only be applied to patients with severe ischemia and little or no possibility of surgical intervention.
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PMID:Local thrombolysis in peripheral arteries and bypass grafts. 365 85

Thirty-five patients hospitalized for recent angiographically documented arterial occlusion in the legs (27 femoropopliteal arteries and eight grafts) benefited from local fibrinolytic therapy delivered at the site of the occlusion with a 4- or 5-F catheter. This therapy combined a continuous urokinase (UK) infusion of 1,000 U/kg/hour and a lysyl plasminogen (LYS-PLG) infusion of 15 microkatals every 30 minutes. Angiographically confirmed lysis was obtained in 85% of the cases. Only 3% of the patients had major and 6% had minor groin hematomas. Only two patients had concentrations of fibrinogen as low as 100 mg/dl. Intravascular infusion of UK-LYS-PLG is as effective as streptokinase. Its excellent tolerance makes it a good alternative in the treatment of acute ischemia in the lower limbs.
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PMID:Acute peripheral arterial and graft occlusion: treatment with selective infusion of urokinase and lysyl plasminogen. 394 77

35 patients with acute arterial occlusions [27] and graft thromboses [8], responsible for severe and recent ischemia, were treated by fibrinolytic therapy (Urokinase: 1 000 units/kg/hour, and Lys Plasminogen). These drugs were delivered at the site of occlusions using a 5 French catheter. Angiographically, initial success was obtained in 30 patients (85%) and a significant clinical benefit persisted 5 months later, in 20 patients (57%). 4 distal embolisms during the treatment were noted, and one woman died a few hours after the withdrawal of an axillary catheter of a cerebellar infarction. Only two minor (6%) and one severe (3%) groin hematoma were encountered. No patient had at any moment a fibrinogen concentration lower than 1 g/l. Thus, the thrombolytic treatment used in the study appears as effective as locally administered Streptokinase but better tolerated.
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PMID:[Results of in situ arterial thrombolysis by the combination of urokinase and lysyl plasminogen in acute arterial occlusive diseases of the lower limbs]. 403 49

The levels of amino acids in 6 regions of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, diencephalon, stem and cerebellum) were determined during an ischemic insult of 30 min and after recovery periods of up to 10 h. The results were analyzed in two groups: putative neurotransmitters (GABA, aspartate, glutamate, taurine, glycine and alanine) and non-neurotransmitters. In the neurotransmitter group, it was found that at the end of 30 min ischemia the levels of aspartate and glutamate slightly decreased whereas those of GABA and alanine rose substantially. The amounts of glycine and taurine remained unchanged. In 30 min after the ischemic insult, there were much larger decreases in aspartate and glutamate and increases in GABA and alanine with no change in glycine and taurine. At 2 h recovery the levels of the neurotransmitter amino acids had almost returned to control values and were fully recovered by 10 h after ischemia. It is postulated that glutamate and aspartate are released during ischemia into the extracellular space and subsequently 'washed-out' into the blood during the reperfusion. Release of GABA, if it occurs, is however, compensated by increase in its synthesis and decrease in its degradation under anaerobic conditions, both of which contribute to the rise in its steady-state level. In the non-transmitter category, increases were seen in amino acids present normally in very small concentrations; tyrosine, lysine, leucine and 3 hydrophobic amino acids: valine, methionine and phenylalanine, which were most pronounced at 2 h after ischemia. It is suggested that the rise in the levels of these molecules is the consequence of stimulation of protein breakdown caused by activation of intracellular proteases by calcium and H+ during the ischemic episode. Regional variations in the patterns of changes were small although in the ischemic models used the brainstem seemed to be least affected.
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PMID:Neurotransmitter amino acids in the CNS. I. Regional changes in amino acid levels in rat brain during ischemia and reperfusion. 614 83

Although acute perfusion of guinea pig hearts with ethanol does not affect cardiac protein synthesis, the latter is inhibited after prolonged ingestion of ethanol when tested in an in vitro system with the working right ventricle. This study reports on the added stress of ischemia on such hearts. Hearts were removed from maturing guinea pigs after 13-16 weeks of ingesting 10% ethanol and were perfused in vitro under conditions of relative ischemia (one-sixth of normal coronary flow) with maintenance of right ventricular load and outflow resistance identical to normal pre-ischemic levels. With this degree of ischemia, there was a 4-6 fold increase in lactate production, an 80% drop in ATP, and a 90% decrease in creatine phosphate after 150 min of the ischemia. Incorporation of both labeled lysine and phenylalanine into cardiac protein was also diminished to 35% of control in the left ventricle and 55% of control in the right. This diminution of protein synthesis was the same in hearts from ethanol-drinking and matched control animals. Thus, prior prolonged ingestion of ethanol did not worsen the inhibition of protein synthesis by oxygen deprivation. There were, however, two significant differences in hemodynamic response to the ischemia by the right ventricles of hearts from ethanol-drinking guinea pigs compared to their matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prolonged feeding of ethanol to the young growing guinea pig. II. A model to study the effects of severe ischemia on cardiac protein synthesis. 642 90

Reactions from the rectal mucosa often give rise to troublesome side-effects during and after radiotherapy in the pelvic region. Local vasoconstriction in the rectal mucosa will cause an ischemia which will decrease the sensitivity of the mucosal cells to radiation and thereby these side-effects can be reduced. Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin applied rectally in 1% Blanose solution gave in the present study significant radioprotection of the rectal mucosa in the doses of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg. These doses are, however, very high. Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin in 1.2% Natrosol solution in a dose of 128 micrograms did not show any certain protective effects. However lysine-vasopressin in 1.2% Natrosol solution in a dose of 16 micrograms gave significant radioprotection of the rectal mucosa. This dose level has in a previous study not given any significant effects on the systemic circulation. Lysine-vasopressin in Natrosol solution seems to be a suitable combination for further studies.
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PMID:Radioprotective effect of local administration of lysine-vasopressin and triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin on the rectal mucosa in rats. 760 56


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