Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022116 (ischemia)
 91,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tricyclic antidepressant drugs may affect the cardiovascular system, principally in patients with preexisting cardiac disease. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of amitriptyline and mianserin with those of tianeptine, an atypical tricyclic antidepressant drug, in rat isolated working heart subjected to a local myocardial ischemia. Coronary, aortic and cardiac flows, and heart rate remained stable during the whole preischemic period in control hearts. Ligation of the left main coronary artery induced a 50% decrease in coronary, aortic and cardiac flow without any change in heart rate. Reperfusion was characterized by the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation) and by a marked reduction in cardiodynamic parameters. Amitriptyline (1 and 10 mumol/l) and mianserin (1 and 10 mumol/l) exhibited an antiarrhythmic activity against reperfusion arrhythmias. Tianeptine (1 and 10 mumol/l) was not able to reduce the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. Although tianeptine did not change heart rate, mianserin and amitriptyline induced a bradycardia. Mianserin and amitriptyline improved the cardiac recovery of cardiac function during reperfusion. The cardiodynamic parameters (coronary, aortic and cardiac flows) were not altered by tianeptine during the preischemic period. Furthermore, these parameters were similar to those observed in the control group both during ischemia and reperfusion. The beneficial effects of amitriptyline and mianserin observed in the setting of myocardial reperfusion were not associated with a reduced lipoperoxidation investigated by using an in vitro model in the presence or absence of a free-radical-generating system. The results of the present study indicate that the pronounced antiarrhythmic activities of mianserin and amitriptyline cannot be explained by an antiperoxidative action of these drugs.
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PMID:Absence of relationship between antiarrhythmic effects of antidepressant drugs and lipid peroxidation. 843 29

The hippocampal formation, a structure involved in declarative, spatial and contextual memory, undergoes atrophy in depressive illness along with impairment in cognitive function. Animal model studies have shown that the hippocampus is a particularly sensitive and vulnerable brain region that responds to stress and stress hormones. Studies on models of stress and glucocorticoid actions reveal that the hippocampus shows a considerable degree of structural plasticity in the adult brain. Stress suppresses neurogenesis of dentate gyrus granule neurons, and repeated stress causes remodeling of dendrites in the CA3 region, a region that is particularly important in memory processing. Both forms of structural remodeling of the hippocampus are mediated by adrenal steroids working in concert with excitatory amino acids (EAA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. EAA and NMDA receptors are also involved in neuronal death that is caused in pyramidal neurons by seizures, head trauma, and ischemia, and alterations of calcium homeostasis that accompany age-related cognitive impairment. Tianeptine (tianeptine) is an effective antidepressant that prevents and even reverses the actions of stress and glucocorticoids on dendritic remodeling in an animal model of chronic stress. Multiple neurotransmitter systems contribute to dendritic remodeling, including EAA, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), working synergistically with glucocorticoids. This review summarizes findings on neurochemical targets of adrenal steroid actions that may explain their role in the remodeling process. In studying these actions, we hope to better understand the molecular and cellular targets of action of tianeptine in relation to its role in influencing structural plasticity of the hippocampus.
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PMID:Structural plasticity and tianeptine: cellular and molecular targets. 1517 88